it it is heavily decorated on the outside. right there is an image of henry clay. above is a beehive. some stars around the edges. it is an incredible piece of work in addition to being an interesting trunk. as interesting as he was politically or as a lawyer, he was perhaps more interesting as a person. people loved henry clay. he love to gamble. it was not on camera and -- it was not uncommon. he was asked once if it concerned that he gambled. she said he almost always wins. which is true. usually he could find a way out of that without actually coming off with a loss. he could win something back or get whoever he was gambling with

two this wage the debt. we have the tantalus, a kit to be used in a carriage, it contains the cantors and glasses in a metal frame. he carried in his coach and it would be filled with any number of beverages. we know he enjoyed a number of good beverages. sherry ports, kentucky bourbon. he was criticized for these habits. anyone who thinks dirty campaigns is a new thing, look back to henry clay to see that is not the case. we have a great cartoon on the wall that illustrates that. it shows a group of citizens showing sticks and rocks. clay is standing opposite. he has another man by the caller. he was chosen not because he was

necessarily the most famous political figure of the best qualified but because he was someone who did not duel, drink gamble occurs. if that concerns you, no problem. we have a guy for you. so this was an issue yet to deal with. one of the things that challenge 10 and one of the reasons that he perhaps lost votes in the campaigns he ran for president. his enemies said many things about him over the course of the years. being a card, they accused him of being a sheet, a black leg impugned his reputation, his character owing to the fact that he did play cards and that he may cheat in politics and public affairs. they chastised him for his views over slavery. people of the north didn't like the fact that he was a slave holder. they thought he was a hypocritical that he owns slaved

but lobbied for their emancipation. the room we are in now is a bit of an interpreted speculation. as a wealthy man he likely would have had a room off of his bedroom where he would have been able to dress, get ready for the day called the dressing room. that is where we are now. one of the most important issues of clay's time was slavery. that occupied the entire nation and clay knew that. he dealt with it most personally as a slave owner. he owned 30-50 people at a time, 75 over the course of his life. he was a significant slave owner. the most famous family of slaves that were here were the depuy's.

they are so well known, because lottie sued for her freedom. she fought a lawsuit in washington. she had been there for a while with her family, she became convinced she and her daughter would need their freedom. she was unsuccessful. clay did emancipate both lottie and marianne and charles. he growth in the slave owning aristocracy. that colored his view on the subject. he believed something that the country could accept as a whole and could move forward with, it would ultimately result once and for all what should be done. he claim up with a solution he believed would avoid social

chaos as result of a sudden and abrupt abolition, which results in a large massive free african-americans that would not be accepted into society. the solution was the american colonization society. he was -- he presided over the founding of the organization in 1816. it had in its goal commencing -- convincing slaveowners to free their slaves so they could go to liberia. abolitionists saw it as a hypocrisy. there he feel americans were interested in the middle ground which he thought they would adopt. he was sure it was the way forward. in 1839 he did a speech for a friend. after his friend said you can't

do this. this will never work. you can't take this. you will never get elected. he said i don't care. i further be right than be president. it is a matter what happens to me. what matters is what is right for the country. i must always do what is right for the country. what is right for the country is to support this ideology. this will deal with the issue. we know is that it didn't but that is what he believed was the way forward. he ended his life in washington. he returned there in 1849 to resume his place in the senate accomplish the compromise of 1815. he was during that. very sick. he had tuberculosis, it took a further and further toll on him. he barely got through the compromise of 1850 and was in the legislature when it was passed. clay was a role model for many

states who cited him as an influence as someone who was a great american with a would like to emulate in their political careers. most notably abraham lincoln. he campaigned for clay. he voted for clay. he quoted clay. he saw him as the political role auto -- role model one should aspire to be. lincoln said in his eulogy of clay would we have been who we are, without henry clay? the answer to that is probably not. he kept the nation together moving for it at a critical time. he is instrumental in moving the country from its birth to the

ultimate forge which will allow it to emerge into full maturity. >> you are in the best spot in the world right here on the grounds in lexington, kentucky. we are not only a great race course with iver pastora setting and wonderful spot, but we are the world's largest thorough bread -- thoroughbred marketplace. buyers from 52 different countries. they run and race all over the world. our sales team started in 1943 after the race track opened in 1936. sales were started because of world war ii with the real shortage.

they were shipping horses to saratoga to be shorted -- to be sold. they set up an auction company here on the grounds to be able to service the local horsemen that were here running. it was set up as a trust because they didn't want to be set up as a dividend corporation. he didn't want people to feel they had to make money because they wanted to fulfill those missions. we have three trustees that reverend -- that govern our trust. the associate itself is owned by the community. we are more of a park than a race track just because we only race 32 days a year. we have forces training year-round. a great spectacle for people to see. lexington is there a unique situated based on geography. our top is great for horses. the limestone we have is the

same that makes our bourbon great. it makes us breed great resources. the limestone with the calcium deposits in the water and the grass build strong bones for resources. you have 1200 pound animal on legs the size of ours, you need those strong bones and the strong background. horses love the seasons. kentucky is known for its varying seasons. horses enjoy the seasons. it helps with their breathing. the competition within our industry is unique. there is competition for the best forecasts horses. a typical of how you will only breed to 120-150 mayors a y

res a year. everybody is competitive. everybody wants the best horse. it is one of those unique factors that everybody is happy when somebody does well. one of the reasons this is unique. the biggest of price from me moving over to the horse business was the politics, the all-time people are happy, it makes the entire business better. we have three sales a year. we have a one-week sale in january. a two-year link sale. then another 4000 horses in november that are a part of our breeding stock, horses that are all ages. you have some that are nine

months old or broodmares that may be 12 years old. our peak, $798 million in a single year. we average 8500 horses. it is the thoroughbred marketplace. our yearling cell is likable to the nfl combine. you have these one-year-old horses that will be eligible and safe and sound for the kentucky derby. then you have our broodmare sale. if somebody less the racetrack and somebody wants to sign them or bring them into their band so they can continue to produce. we were founded as a nonprofit. all of our money that we make goes into our facility, back into the community or the industry. we were deemed not a for

profit, but we maintain the same philosophy on everything that we do. our margins on the sales and what we cover is very different than sotheby's or christie's would be. we just have a flat commission that we charge the seller of the horse. we cover the overhead with that. we do the marketing internationally. everything we do here we try to put back into the business or art community. the economic impact is extremely significant. $600 million a year. between our auctions the amount of money we generate, people

coming from out of town, staying in our hotels, when you factor in our 32 days of racing we have a lot of local customers. from 35 days worth of sales, you have people who are coming in staying that entire length of time. you have people, they want nice restaurants, nice hotels. they're spending patterns are evident of that. the impact we have is phenomenal. we have 214 full-time employees. we go up to 2000. we own our own catering company as well. we do the food and hospitality. 214, the bulk or maintenance and security building services. we have very few office staff. it is unique thing in that point. the track is a mile and an

eighth loop. we sit here on 1100 acres so it is 146 acres. we have our large campus, full security and maintenance department. we are an 1100 acre city. we are open 365 days a year for training. we recently redid our surface here. we have a highly engineered dirt. we are very fortunate we have a great surface and the trainers in our business love it especially this time of year. lexington is an easy place to ship and and out of. you have a lot of trainers that treat this as home base. the trainers enjoy training here every morning. you come out and see some of the best horses in the world working out. some of the most famous

trainers. a lot of the owners, we have so many people because of kentucky in the horse farm. they can live anywhere in the world and they choose to live here because of the horse and what they're are able to do here. race day is a fun and social atmosphere much like an sec football game. you have people who start tailgating early in the morning. our races don't start until 9:00. on our larger saturdays we have between 20 and 30,000 people that come out with a lot of days another 5000 to 10,000 that watch our races on our big-screen. the race day here is nothing like it. the social atmosphere. one of the toughest things is everybody else is having fun. you are working hard and making sure everything is running right . everybody here is having a

blast. when our lose people never have a bad day. that is what we hope to accomplish. >> now we return to our live coverage from ohio state university at marion for the warring g harding symposium on the modern first ladies. >> good afternoon once again. welcome back to session number three. this one entitled portraits in contrast. before we begin i want to take a moment recognize another special guest, the keynote speaker for our dinner, the former white house social secretary and the former united states -- caprice of marshall. thank you for being here.

immediately following our final session, all presenters will be available in the lobby to meet and greet you. they exhibit as you probably know the first ladies national library. we certainly appreciate the help they have given without exhibit. for those of you who are staying for dinner the doors will open at 6:00 p.m. and dinner begins at 6:30. and now our final session. the former white house chief usher, mr. gary walters. gary walters: good afternoon ladies and gentlemen. i am well.

how about you? [laughter] the white house that i served for 37 years is a unique part of our 239 years of american history. i was honored and privileged to serve seven presidents and first families from 1970 through 2007. the presidential history that i have seen is remarkable. a president resign from office. and appointed vice president become an unelected president. a one term president who became more prominent for his activities after he left the white house. a two to president who face down the evil empire. a president who won a war and lost his reelection bid. a president impeached and remain in office.

and one of the most closely contested presidential elections in our nations history that permitted me to serve the son of a president that i had previously served. the chief usher is appointed by and works directly for the president of the united states and is head of the staff of the executive residence at the white house. i was accountable to the president and the first lady for the activities that took place in the white house and on its grounds. my primary charge was to carry out their desires as they relate to three main functions. first and foremost for the executive residence is the home of the president and his family and is as such a place where their privacy is guarded with vigor by those who work there. second, it is the side of official and ceremonial activities of the presidency

both in the house and on its grounds. finally, the residents, its grounds, are a museum of our american history. for those of you who may not have had an opportunity to visit the white house, this historical site, this is a place that is visited by over one million visitors each year. this is a cutaway of the normal group where the visitors come in on the ground floor, go through a number of rooms, they go up the stairs to the state floor or first floor of the white house through the east rim, the three parlors, the state dining room and exit through the north portico. i was responsible for administering the executive residence of the white house and directing the 92 members of the residence staff, the staff is

comprised of the administrative usher's office, the curator's office, which takes care of the extensive furnishings of a stork nature -- historic nature, and all the paintings of the white house. they responsible for the calligraphy office produces a handwritten invitations to white house events. the florist shop that provides cut flower arrangements throughout the residence and for all events. the housekeeping staff, the food and beverage preparation and service staff, which included the executive chef, a pastry chef, three assistantships and their kitchen store, as well as the maître d'and six butler's. without leaving them out certainly the maintenance staff. the white house is the consummate this old house. it included highly skilled

carpenters electricians, operations engineers, furniture handlers, painters and plumbers. the chief usher also supervises the national park service staff of 24 gardeners that take care of the 18 acres of grounds and gardens. my staff and i administered developed, and track the expenses -- expenses for these activities. the chief usher establishes the budget for the executive residence, approximately $12 million. i was responsible for tracking billing, and presenting to the president and the first lady more recently it was the first lady, each month the bill for their food, beverage, dry cleaning and personal items used by the family and their personal guests.

most people do not realize the president pays for these expenses out of his own pocket. for your general information, i will give you a brief history of the white house itself with the exception of our first president, george washington. every president has lived in the house. president washington was instrumental in the planning for the house. on march 14, 1792, a competition was announced offering a premium of $500 for a metal of equal value to the winning award designs for the white house, the president's house. the winner was chosen by george washington. the designs were to be submitted in four short months.

excuse me. james home bain won the competition. he was hired to supervise the construction of the house. the cornerstone of the white house was laid three months later on october 13, 1792. for those of you who think your federal government can react quickly, there is an example that at least it could. president washington died december 14, 1799 before the house was completed. our first president, john adams moved into the unfinished house november 1, 1800. during the war of 1812, following the british defeat of napoleon in 1814, british troops

enter the city of washington on the evening of august 14, 1814 building -- burning the public buildings as they moved to the capital to the white house. after leaving the house, british troops were stationed around the exterior of the home at the shot of the single pistol when they were told to throw lighted torch or through -- torches through the windows. the interior of the house burned rapidly and after a few hours the fire consumed everything inside. a thunderstorm arose in the cold water from the thunderstorm put out the final flames and partially save the exterior walls. the house was pretty much destroyed except some exterior

stonework. the treaty ending the war was signed in 1815 following andrew jackson's victory over the british about of new orleans. in the joy of victory, the congress decided to rebuild the presidents house, and james hi obain was rehired to rebuild it. the next major renovation came in 1902, the congress appropriated nearly $500,000 for the restoration of the house and the construction of an executive office building, allowing for the first time for the offices of the president to be moved outside of the house and into a separate building. that addition, known today --

known as the executive office building today is known as the west wing. that is not where the tv show was filmed. after the renovation, public tours were limited to the entrance and the adjacent east room. president and mrs. harding almost immediately after taking office in 1921 open the view of the other rooms on the first floor of the white house including the blue and red parlors as well as the state dining room. the latest and most expensive renovation came during the administration of president truman. after president roosevelt's death in 1945, president truman became aware of the problems with the house, and with the concurrence of the congress initiated a commission to look

into the structural integrity of the residence. it was determined it needed extensive rebuilding. in fact, it was suggested that the structure be torn down. there was a movement to move the seat of the government to the center of the country, which was ohio. president truman was adamant that the original stone wall be saved. a plan was devised to retain the exterior stone walls and build a concrete and steel building within. the old stone walls would be penned to the new structure retaining evidence of the original design while providing some modern conveniences and adding to subfloors with utilities and storage. while the renovation was going on the president and mrs. truman moved to the blair house

>> that is basically the history of the white house we see today. now i will give all of you a peek into the lives of the presidents of the lives i have served. i served the nixon administration as a member of the secret service, until his resignation in 1974. during that time, i was assigned to different posts throughout the white house, getting to know the people who worked there and their responsibilities. after the litigation surrounding --, i was one of six officers to have control over the presidential papers and tapes. after the cour