taylor stoermer: yeah, absolutely. there was only one criticism in which somebody was saying, well, she now has feet of clay. she really should have stayed unmarried, stayed a widow. taylor stoermer: but for the most part, people embraced it, embraced her. she was back in washington a number of times. she met margaret truman and eisenhower, and so she -- people really did -- she maintained really, her level of celebrity. susan swain: this is annette dunlap's biography. it's called "frank," which was her given name or her nickname? annette dunlap: it was originally a given name. well, it was a nickname. it was the name she went by until she got baptized in the church and -- susan swain: and what did grover cleveland call her? annette dunlap: frank. susan swain: frank. so in your closing paragraphs of this, you make the case that she has been somewhat lost to history, but shouldn't be. why? annette dunlap: well, because she was very strong in education, very strong in the arts, and those are things that we still think are very important today. susan swain: and how did she change the role of first lady?

annette dunlap: she changed it in terms of putting education in the forefront and getting involved with education and taking care of children. she was really concerned about how children were cared for, and that was something she definitely emphasized. susan swain: and, taylor where would you put her in the pantheon of first ladies we've been learning about this year? taylor stoermer: she's the first celebrity first lady, the first national celebrity first lady. and i think when we're talking about the development of our understanding of the institution of the first lady, then she is the first one in which we get to start thinking about what really are the uses of that celebrity in good ways and bad ways, because there are concerns that have developed about the first family being owned by the american public, but also how that can actually be a positive tool of the broader presidency if only grover cleveland would have been able to see that. susan swain: and the story in that regard will continue. thanks to both of you for being here this week. we appreciate it. and thanks to our viewers for your participation. it makes the program so much

more interesting. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2015] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] >> considered underrated by many first lady historians, caroline harrison was an accomplished artist who took up china painting and carry that interest to the white house, establishing

its china collection. she helped raised funds for john hopkins the condition that it admits women. and she was the first president general of the daughters of the american revolution until she died in the white house from tuberculosis. caroline harrison, the sunday night at 8:00 p.m. eastern on c-span's original series, "first ladies," examining the private lives of those ladies who fill the position of first lady. sundays at 8:00 p.m. eastern on "american history tv," on c-span3. each week, "american history tv's" reel america brings archival films. >> ♪ >> one of an full day in leningrad for vice president nixon and his party.

the vice president devotes a good part of his tour to handshaking. and some of the russians were startled by u.s. campaigning tactics. in some places on his itinerary both on the streets and in the factories, he encountered party let hecklers. but most of the crowds proved big, friendly, and demonstrative. >> ♪ >> a high spot of the day was an inspection of the soviet nuclear power icebreaker. at first the vice president's party was only given a superficial to her. then the admiral demanded to be shown just as much as he had been permitted to see in savanna. after a hard truth on debate, nixon won the point. the admiral was the first american to ever see the reactor. he spent two hours aboard.

while the vice president mingled with the shipyard workers. >> ♪ >> mr. nixon told the crowd, the soviets and the state of alaska were only 40 miles apart. that the two nations must work together to break the ice between them. one of the most effective moments and mr. nixon remarkable to her of russia. -- tour of russia. >> coming up next on "american history tv," a discussion on propaganda used by the american government during world war ii. jake ersland talks about the tactics used to enlist citizens in the military, buy war bonds and keep secrets from the enemy. the harry s truman and library in independence, missouri posted this event. it is about 50 minutes. mr. ersland: thank you.

it is certainly a pleasure to come here today and talk to about this topic, propaganda from world war ii on the home front. as ed mentioned i work for the national archives in kansas city. and as such, i work with a wide variety of records. on the homefront, working to facilitate, support the war effort as best as possible. and many of the records you see today i came across just in my day-to-day work, whether it is reference or writing descriptions, i just found these fascinating records i thought were a great way of the home front and world war ii. i do want to just have a quick note on the sources that today -- just to make sure things are entirely clear. most or many other sources today are from the national archives in kansas city. from numerous records groups, this includes record group 147

which carried out the drafts during the war. record group 156, records of the chief of ordinance, which created the war -- goods of war the bombs and munitions that were used by the army. record group 200, is a special group of records that from the mid-central war resources board and to later made central war resources industries -- it will be highlighted quite a bit in today's presentation. and it is unique in that it was not a federal agency, like most of our records. it was created by hallman, who happened to be a local businessman, who saw a need for smaller businesses to take part in the war effort. so they got all the contracts read, for defense production. and he words that all the small companies wouldn't have a shot at any production, getting any contracts, and therefore wither up and he wanted to support those so that small communities

wouldn't, you know, heather businesses go dry. so he gathered up information on these different industries and did successfully create a -- an industry that could get contracts, defense contracts and it produce goods for the war. and as a result, there is correspondence and other records that really give a good picture of what the businesses in our area really did to support the war effort. that will be kind of a highlight of today's talk. of course, there are other records that are referenced, like record 75, record group 21, and also a lot of the color today will come from images from the national archives at college park, still pictures and lots of posters. they are excellent to look at and fascinating. on today's topic propaganda,

normally when you hear propaganda, it kind of has a negative connotation. you hear propaganda, you think of, don't fall for propaganda, right? that is a bunch of propaganda. it sounds negative, propaganda. and it certainly could be negative, right? you think of an enemy or some of the in opposition of you putting out misinformation or lies. during world war ii, the enemy of the united states, the axis, did use lots of propaganda. be not sees especially -- the nazis especially were well-known for their propaganda in their country. but today, though we are talking about the home front and propaganda used by the united states to support the war effort. and as such, you have to keep in mind that really propaganda is many things. what it is is a deliberate dissemination of information and/or ideas to aid or harm

individuals or nations. so it can be positive, right? positive -- it can be a positive thing. normally it is designed to appeal to emotions, to cultivate desired opinions, and positions. playing on your emotions, taking a feeling and turning that into a way of getting you to think a certain way. but it also can be just a motivational tool used to elicit action and those already in agreement with your position. kind of like a coach talking to your team, getting them pumped up to, you know, go out and do it they need to do. it is easy to become lethargic or forget about what you need to do, and you are just emphasizing. of course, it can be very negative. and even looking at the propaganda used by the united states at times, it was very negative. you can use fear. fear is another emotion, a powerful emotion, and you can play on fear to really drive home a point to get people to

think a certain way. you can incite hate and loathing , other emotions that are very powerful. get people to act a certain way. and you can play on misconceptions or perceptions. propaganda, whether it is true or whether it is lies, generally you have to have something that someone will connect with. and you play up on that. but it is important to remember that whatever form it was presented in, it could be posters, speeches, movies, radio programs, the printed word, all of those could be tools for propaganda. but they are just trying to get people to go along with a specific position. something today that we are talking about are positive, other are negative. and where we are going to start today is at the beginning of the united states during world war ii.

-- that was pretty prevailing and played a role in keeping the united states out of world war ii. world war ii began in 1939. we enjoyed until we were attacked -- didn't join until we were attacked to later. and part of the reasons for this was memory from the carnage of world war i. world war i was a horrible time in world history. a horrible time. and people thought back to -- especially the veterans -- thought back to the horrors of the war. on the other side, it is the -- let's stay apart. we don't need to take part in it. another reason, we just went to the great depression. you had a factor where people had went through a lot of pain and suffering. had went through a period of

want. and maybe there was not a willingness to, do we need to suffer more? that is another reason. and, of course, there was a large german-american population in the united states. you had organizations that supported germany and even organizations that supported the nazis. and you even had some influential figures, most notably charles lindbergh, that went out and talked about being an isolationist. we don't need to take part in that. i have some examples from our records. from the midcentral war resources board, this is a letter wrote at the close of 1942 holland -- 1940 to holland, and it it it says, i fervently trust -- will deal bountifully with you and you as well keeping our beloved country

on cursed by a wholesale bloodletting. there are challenges enough in our democratic fault to overcome by the moral equivalent of war without getting out the guns. he is equating the problems of our country -- we are already at war in ways in our country. and he is saying, there is no reason for us to get involved with this. we have enough problems. so that is jesting example -- just an example of isolationist sentiment. this is another piece. a music piece. "just a the side of the pond," from a farmer who lived in south dakota. he wrote it in 1940. the war is raging in europe, the war is going on in the pacific for years. at he wrote this and was performed across the upper midwest, which was a stronghold of isolationism. and it is exercised by his daughter, ruth, who is in the picture there.

she is in a band uniform. and she would perform at fairs and conventions and things like that. this piece of music that spoke about not going over there and getting involved in the fight. so there were there -- there was a very real opposition to the work here on the home front. but we had to get prepared anyway. despite isolationist sentiments, the u.s. government worked to prepare the country for war. on september 16, 1940, president roosevelt signed the selective training and service act and a draft again. during world war i, the united states was not prepared. our war industries were not at full capacity, we were not producing the goods of war that we needed to support, and our army was very small. as a result, it took a long time for us to actually project our power in that war, world war i.

we ended up playing a key role but it took it well. president roosevelt knew that we likely would be in this war. he was very much opposed to the not sees and their ideas -- to the nazis and their ideas. he wanted to prepare us for that fight, that he had to pay service to our official position of neutrality. so, how do you get the public's opinion on preparing for the war when there is isolationism? how do you get them to sign onto a draft? you have pieces like this, which, you know, this is a political piece, right? bitter pill for the dictators is what it says. they are connected with their form of government dictatorship. so the draft -- sticking it to the dictators, right? pretty clear on what they are wanting. here it is even more clear. an image of adolf hitler being disturbed by a draft, a draft of wind, as a figure of speech for

the actual military draft. and how it really brings even -- brings it even more home is up in the corner it says plans for south america. look, this is just not on the other side, hitler has plans for south america. they are going to bring it to our side of the atlantic, we better prepare. so, it is just a way of trying -- bringing the conflict overseas that is in europe, in north africa, and bringing it. that is why we have to have the draft. at the same time, production ramped up. our industries needed to be in a wartime setting. so despite the official neutral status of the united states, production of war goods ratcheted it up. both to be sold to the allies and to prepare the u.s. army. land leased goods flowed across the atlantic ocean as the u.s. sought to help besiege great

britain -- help the deceased great britain. this included ships, tanks, and other goods of war that the british used. but to support that effort, of course it was jobs and that was popular, but president roosevelt wanted to bring it home even more. the push went further straight from the president. this document contains excerpts from something president roosevelt put out published december 3, 1941. think about the proximity there. we are not at work, but we are four days away from pearl harbor when this is published. and it really shows the u.s. pushing for a full wartime posture. the first thing is roosevelt urging both sacrifices are needed to sacrifice -- stop hitler. full sacrifices are needed to stop hitler. the president warned that we

needed a full, unlimited commitment to crush hitlerism and protect themselves, the united states, the berlin slave market. begin see the imagery he is using their with germany at the time. industry and labor must produce to the limits proper government agencies. we will deliver the goods to take the battle to the front of the war. so, we need to ramp up our efforts to focus capacity. the liberty and the very safety of the people of the united states cannot be assured in a world which is three fourths slaves and one fourth free roosevelt solemnly declared. so he is saying, even if we don't join and the rest of the world falls, we are down the road too. we cannot exist in that type of position. he continues by listing the

fears. after hitler had occupied countries integrate slave areas for rulers, in a similar state -- and a similar state of weighted american workers should hitler win. we must furnish arms to britain, russia, and china. and we must do it now, today. he brings it home even more, saying that the u.s. is on the nazi timetable. we are next. and he really breaks it down to two positions into isolationism and people getting ready for the war. one, the position of realism in terms of three ships that they the fullest use of every vital machine, every minute of every day and every night. realism, in terms of staying on the job and getting things made. an interesting industrial grievances to the established

machinery of collective bargaining, the machinery set up by a free people. so that is one position. and he contrasts that with the approach of the blind and diluted. who think that perhaps we could do business with hitler. for them, there is still plenty of time. how prophetic that just four days later, after this was published, the japanese attacked pearl harbor and on december 11, germany declared war on the united states. in the united states began a full-time, a full transition to a wartime climate in all that we had ended. and the call was made to end the fight. the transition included in all-out propaganda blitz. as the government used all of its resources to get the country to fully support the war in every way. now, a part of that, as it is educating, informing, and

motivating the american public on the need of a nation of war those needs included efforts to encourage enlistment in the armed forces. now, enlistment included many different things. there are many different ways a person could serve. this is an example. it was great in november 1942 and it is for women in the coast guard reserve. over 11,000 spars served during world war ii. so there were many different ways you concern. and they're all kinds of pushes to get people to join. maybe you are not made for the army for the navy, maybe there is something else you can do to support. other avenues of encouraging him -- people to list included celebrities. here is george lewis, world heavyweight boxing champions. we are going to do our part and

will win because god is on our side. all right, joe, we are going to do his part -- our part and we are going to win because god is on our side. we are in the right. the united states took advantage. there were many famous celebrities. these ballplayers, ted williams -- baseball players, ted williams, they all joined up. joe is joining, shouldn't you echo -- you? movie stars, the rich and famous are fighting, shouldn't you? do your part. so kind of a way of, i hope people are doing it, so should you. enlist. man the guns. you have images of strength. that would be an amazing feat of strength there.

be a man, join the navy. join the army. first-class fighting men needed. join the army air force. join the army. on the bottom it says, aggressive alert, patriotic individuals who want to fight for their country. you know, if you are a talented young man, join us. if you want to protect your country, join us. the aunt, there is a call to be vigilant. immediately following the attack at pearl harbor, a major effort to inform on the dangers of spies and saboteurs spread across the country. loose lips sink ships and careless talk became buzz phrases as vigilant against foreign threats dominated the public consciousness. once again, another example from the resources industries, this is a letter from a company in kansas.

you can see at the top, a great midwestern manufacturing company. and this is from december 11, the day germany declared war shortly after the japanese had attacked pearl harbor. it says, our shop is one building, 90 by 120 feet and one half of one story and one half is two stories. doors are locked and no outsiders are permitted to enter. we have one regular watchmen and one special armed watchmen on all night schedules. during the day, our supervisory force take care of all persons entering our shop offices. no one is allowed to enter into the machine shop proper except directly connected with the work being done there. further, we are now erecting a wire fence in their beer of our shop building, which will provide further protection for our machine shop building drunks, and furnace parts are locked up when not in use. we are offering our shop force into shifts covering 20 hours of

24, which only leaves a four hour interval for a night watch. special watch is also on duty during the nhl. we have no aliens in our employees. so here they are, this little company in kansas, tightening down the hatches. the information is out. be vigilant. they are just making small components, but they are receiving information and they are responding. further extreme precautions, another example. this says, supplementing the cell phone call -- telephone call on christmas eve, 1941. -- all companies doing work for the navy are strongly urged to take most extreme precautions against sabotage during times such as sundays and holidays. so always be aware, even if it is sundays or holidays. vigilant takes no vacations you

guys are enemy takes no vacations. and they got this message out in many ways. posters, such as this one. wanted for murder, for careless talk costs lives. it is harsh and stark. you look at that face, murderer? really? but that was used to drive home just how serious and deadly mistakes can be. the image is meant to shock. that person a murderer? and thereby stay on your consciousness. don't talk. if you say something and you don't know who you are talking to, be silent. careless talk. the enemy was often put in a menacing light. once again, the intent is to startle and shock. the peering eyes looking at you through the dark. the menacing form meant to have a mental impact. a lot of propaganda, it likes to

dehumanize your enemy. they are not like you. they are evil and have it out for you. looking at that, that is kind of frightening. it looks like a storm trooper watching you. you have to have your eyes open and be aware. this next image is completely different. it is a puppy dog. sad. because no one can handle a sad puppy face, right? so careless talk because somebody talked, this dog lost in owner. completely different band on the earlier ones and kind of interesting to me that they would employ this kind of propaganda. don't make dogs sad. [laughter] can you look at this dog? and finally, careless talk. someone talks. this man is barely had above the surface -- head above the surface. loose lips causes death.

so, should you think -- sink in your vigilance of not talking, people could pay the price. don't talk, just don't do it is the message. another major message is production for victory. this is an official plan book. this gives you guides on how to ramp up production, how to motivate your workforce. those that did not join the armed forces had a major role to play in winning the war. propaganda drove home the need for workers to produce the goods of war and to conserve the resources needed to keep the military's effort moving for it. not everybody can be in a suit overseas. not everybody can be flying planes, driving tanks, or under the waters in a summary. you need people making all those things. so to the people who stay at home, there was a large effort to say your role is important,

too. and one way that people needed to make sure that they are doing all they can is by maximizing their talents. there was an individual talent to be matched up with the position that match their ability. it was a key to getting ahead in the war. you have uncle sam. uncle sam reminding people to fill out the forms. it says, have you had training or experience which would qualify you for a much more responsible position and which you are not using to the war effort? could you do more? even if you're working but you could be in a position where we need a person of your talents. do you have unused skills and work for which there is a shortage of manpower? at the bottom, fill it out. turn it in. this is your patriotic duty. you are being unpatriotic if

you're not in the right position doing the right job if needed. and they drive that home even more. here is a poster. miles of hell to tokyo. work where you are needed. the connection is, if you are not in the right place doing what you can, you are helping people who are dying overseas. we need all of your help to make sure people do not die on the hellish road to tokyo. so, do all you can. the more manpower commission was set out as an agency to match manpower, the workforce, with needs. from every assembly line. the quote there is from president roosevelt, our nation must speak from every assembly line. this is an informational booklet

created by the defense industry. it was created as a blueprint to how to operate your wartime production plant. it is a model. the northern pump company in minnesota was built in a cornfield in the 11 months in and was producing gun sights and gun mounts for navy vessels during the war. the quote says that our country is fighting and the greatest production battle the world has ever known. the outcome will depend on the output. victory must be in the plants before it can be won on the battlefield. you have to win production before you can win overseas. it stresses the importance of making available the ideas and that it believes that help to increase production at individual plants throughout the country.

this picture story of the morale message at the northern pump company navy ordnance plant. -- organize plant should the of interest. we are about to take a step into a plant in minnesota that was entirely immersed in propaganda support the war effort. here is the first image. are you doing your share? people are encouraged to eat sleep, and live next them. you're tired? drink coffee. get back to work. the cup even says "production for victory." even when he was drinking -- even what he was drinking out of is telling him why he was doing what he was doing. you cannot enter the workplace without uncle sam telling you you need to do your part. it rings at home.

it is your job and my job to work with a vengeance. it is connecting the worker with the soldier. it is easier if you are operating the machine and stamping out a piece of equipment to disconnect. they're trying to connect the people with the soldier overseas. you are working with a vengeance. you are part of that. will it help to win the war? the next slide is an example. the company said christmas cards to all of the employees thanking them for their efforts to help win the war. on the right side there is an image. every worker's family was given an american flag. they were encouraged to display the flag, and to keep patriotism and mind during your day-to-day operations.

remember what you are doing you are doing for your country. every month they would have a new slogan. this month it was one question for every decision -- will it help to win the war? is what you are doing helping to win the fight? remember pearl harbor. this is a view down the production hall, and above it you see printed remember pearl harbor. every moving object in the plant has a more message on it people are encouraged to keep in mind why they are doing what they are doing. keeping the objective at the forefront of their minds. there is uncle sam pointing straight to you, saying the state of our nation depends on your work. the small part says, your heart is small but our goal is big. even if you are doing a small

part, it is for a big thing. on one side it says, if we stick to it like macarthur and his men, we are never going to lose. once again connect the workers with the soldiers overseas. here is another example, in the same shop. let's get busy. torpedo tube training gear. we must train day and night to increase the navy might. if we don't we will suffer losses to europe's crazy around show -- brown shirt bosses. let's work like hell or liberty to battle them to eternity. a musical poem to read. always be vigilant. another example. this giant poster.

think of macarthur and his fighting men. always have in mind the boys overseas. the grunts fighting across the island. it is important. i love this image. you have the the mom at her of employees that purchased war bonds. it is at 100%. this is an example where you do not want to be the 1% who does not buy a war bond. literally everyone is doing it. why aren't you buying a war bond? you do not want to be that person. on the calendar it says lift your shields and spread yellow devils over the field. i talked earlier about negative examples and dehumanizing your opponent. it is used all the time.

stereotypes are used all the time. you cannot go through your shop without seeing it, in this case. produce. now or never. if you not -- if you do not get your quota up, we might lose the war. you better get done what you're supposed to get done. our countries debate is in the balance. here is another example of the war production drive pamphlet that went out to businesses. there were suggestions on how to motivate. this is the importance of part add to making the whole. we have an image of a tank and says here is what you are making. it is one part, but you cannot have the whole tank if you do not have your part. we cannot have a tank fighting the nazis if we do not have your part. you better make your part.

and on the left, and image of hitler. a puzzle. 100 pieces. as you meet each goal, you remove one piece. and you remove all of the pieces, you release first hitler's raging speech, then hitler hanging from a noose. the image is if you meet your goal, you are helping to hang hitler. the image on the right is a target. 10 layers into the bull's-eye. in the bull's-eye is hitler's face. you move your bombs all the way and then you meet your goal -- you drop the bomb right on hitler. one of the most iconic images of the war is rosie the riveter. if you google propaganda they come up with images. the first image is an image of uncle sam saying that he wants you to join the army.

the third one is rosie the riveter. it was a call to fill the ranks with women in the workplace. come out and join the effort by tilting the goods of war. doing what you can, even if you are not overseas. there are examples in our national archives. these are women in the workplace. production increased every month throughout the war. an interim rule -- an integral role was played by women. women's ordinance workers, the sign hung above the individual's heads, that said women ordinance workers, they are wows, be proud to do your part. making bombs could be dangerous, but it is a critical role to

play, and it transformed american society. tapping into that, there was a lot of fear. this is a poster that was spread around. it is an image of a menacing figure with a photo of hitler in the background. the translation to trim and is, when you reach minneapolis consider these areas as military objectives. which areas? the circles on the map? those circles in the air chart of minneapolis are minneapolis hospitals, schools, churches and homes. all of which would be perfectly legitimate military objectives by nazi strategists. if you don't do your part they will bomb your churches, schools and homes. generally, with the airfield and the air production field,

would they be chosen before the churches and homes? perhaps. however, they wanted people to be afraid. these are 2 images. one says, do you think minnesota cannot not be bombed? it is an easy skip, and they are bombing minneapolis. once again you have the racial stereotype, can the japs bomb minneapolis? absolutely. all they have to do is go into alaska, into canada, and then they are in any annapolis. you have to reduce to protect from this happening. is it militarily feasible? probably not. however, it did its part.

the message is, our homes are in danger. you have the menacing figure leering down on the united states. your homes are in danger. they have their eyes on american citizens. you don't think it could happen? consider the french. we french workers warn you defeat mean slavery, starvation and death. they're trying to connect to the regular american population. you don't think it could happen to you? think of the french. it happened there, it could happen to you. this is nazi brutality, radio berlin announced that all men and chuckles about you have been shot. the women were deported to concentration camps. the name of the village was abolished. but this was talking about was

reinhardt heidrick who was fascinated by british undercover operatives in this place in czechoslovakia. when there was reports of individuals in that town, the nazi report was to wipe the town from the earth. the people were brutal who would not stop at anything. this is a real-life example to drive home which you are fighting. conserve. conserve or you are helping the enemy. conservation is the largest theme of propaganda posters, and it touched on all aspects of life. citizens were called to conserve food gas, metal rubber, and more. the message was consistent.

if you are wasting, you are helping the enemy. i love this one with the soldier. the g i looking at you. have you really tried to save gas by getting into a car club? this guy is fighting and you are not in a car club? what are you doing? this looks like one of clint eastwood's wartime pictures. playing up on the guilt. it is nowhere near as bad as the next one. when you ride alone you ride with hitler. holy cow, you are writing with hitler? are you kidding me? i will never ride alone again. you do not want to be that guy riding alone with hitler. waste helps the enemy. conserve materials. they have images of paper clips

pencils, all of those things. if you are wasting them those are resources that could help the boys overseas. don't waste a thing, or you might as well arrange it into the face of hitler, because you are supporting him. were traffic much come -- must come first. do not waste transportation. transportation infrastructure is a limited resource. there are only so many trains i can travel the rails. they need the shipping for the war effort. that should take place ahead of individual needs. your leisure travel -- are you wasting rail space that could be transporting soldiers across the country? conserve transportation. if this seems hard, if all of this conserving seems hard, here

is the call. you talk of sacrifice, he knew the meaning of sacrifice. you are not doing anything compared to the people dying overseas. life and death for them, and a matter of comfort for you. if all of these images do not work on your conscience, saying i need to conserve, and it does play an important role. it is not that bad, i am not the shot at. it got the message to the american public to conserve, and to do with they need to do. war bonds. the prosecution of the war effort was expensive. calls to join the armed forces produces more war material, and managing the movement of goods it all costs in norman's amounts of money. the government turned to war bonds to raise funds to keep the

war machine moving. propaganda urged all that those who love freedom to support the war by purchasing bonds. you saw this in the workplace. a few signs said to support the effort by buying war on's. they needed the money to pay for the soldiers, goods, shipping and resources. to raise that money they needed people to buy bonds. there many different campaigns to get americans to buy war bonds. one of the more famous ones featured images from norman rockwell. it was called the freedom tour. these were images he painted. the four freedoms that he emphasized where freedom from fear once again touching on a nostalgic image of parents

taking their children into bed. this is what you are protecting. if you buy war bonds your children can not be afraid. freedom from fear. fear is a powerful tool. fear is being used throughout the presentation. you do not need to be afraid. support war bonds so we can be free from the fear. freedom from want. we were talking about conserving. ours to fight for. the traditional thanksgiving meal. the family eating together. feasting joining together, and giving thanks for what they have. this is a time that you are conserving, not feasting. this is what you are buying war bonds to preserve.

to enjoy in abundance. if you do not i war bonds, you risk losing that. this is a happy feeling the image. while you are going with the less, it is something that rings home. freedom of speech. save freedom of speech, why war bonds. the image of the individual standing up and saying his piece . it goes right to who we are as a people. you do not want to lose the freedom of speech. look at what they have overseas. in nazi germany, there is no freedom of speech. you have to watch what you say. protect this most foundational part of american life. finally, freedom of

worship. rockwell was putting into all freedom of worship. buy war bonds so you did not lose the ability to worship as you wish. these posters are things we have an emotional connection with. wings that resonate with you. whatever it is you can do, buy war bonds so we can win the war. it was very effective. of course there were other ways of telling people to buy war bo nds. protect your children. don't let that shadow touch them -- buy war bonds. if you did not the shadow of

nazi germany could cover up your child's future. during world war ii, propaganda was everywhere. it was on posters, movies radio, broadcast, newspapers and magazines. they employed different messages and forms good, bad, disturbing, and inspiring, but they all contributed to the ultimate purpose and goal -- victory. production for victory. propaganda played an important role in world war ii in mobilizing the country. there were many people who regretted the way some of it went. dr. seuss regretted his propaganda. he had some portray the japanese

in a negative way, and he regretted that. during the war all effort was put in to bring about victory. all right, that is the end of my presentation. i want to point out the good find us at the national archives of kansas city online at archives.gov/kansascity. we have a twitter account, as well as the unit you can visit us. we are open tuesday through saturday 8:00 to 4:00. we are closed on sundays mondays, and federal holidays. are there any questions about propaganda on the home front during world war ii? all right. if not -- ok we have one?

the question was with their other people who took part in the creation of propaganda? norman rockwell, dr. seuss, thomas benton it really was -- you look at movies. people like john ford created important pieces of cinema propaganda. it was an all-out effort. you had celebrities all over the place going overseas to support the troops. that was found and put up in all of the picture houses. it really involved everyone. thank you, that was a good question. any other questions? all right. thank you for coming out. [applause]

>> you are watching american history tv. 48 hours of programming on american history every weekend on c-span3. although us on twitter for information on our upcoming schedule, and to keep up with the latest history news. each week, american history tvs railamerica ring shoe archival films to tell the story of the 20th century. >> i have order to vietnam the airmobile division and certain other forces which will raise our fighting strength from 75,000 to 125,000 men almost immediately. additional forces will be needed

later, and they will be sent. this will make it necessary to increase our active fighting forces by raising the monthly draft from 17,000 over a time span to 35,000 per month. and for us to step up campaign for voluntary enlistments. >> we talked about a timetable in connection with vietnam. he repeated today that the united states will not be defeated or grow tired. donald johnson, the commander of the marriage and -- commander of the american legion, went to vietnam in the spring and called on you. he told white house reporters that he could imagine the war going on for 5 6, seven years. have you thought about that

possibility? do you think the american people should think of that possibility? >> the american people should understand there is no quick solution to the problem we face. i would not want to predict whether it would be a matter of months, years, or decades. i do not know if we have an active timetable for how long it would take to achieve victory and world war i. no one knew if it would be for or six years to meet success in world war ii. i think that our cause is just and i think our purposes and objectives are beyond question. i do believe that america will stand united behind her men there. as long as i am president, i plan to see that our forces are strong enough to protect our national interests and we are

protecting the interest with our military, and our diplomatic and political negotiations are constantly attempting to find some solution that would substitute words for bombs. as i've said so many times, if anyone questions our good faith that we have tried to meet them to reason the matter out, they will find us at the appointed place at the appointed time in the proper chair. >> it is almost as if they were enacting that. >> freedom breeds any quality. >> she is almost always to the right. >> filmmakers robert gordon and

morgan neville talk about their documentary on the 1968 debates between conservatives and liberals over war, politics, god, and sex. >> it is very unlikely today today, i believe there someone saying that the numbers are talking about hot topics, a hot salacious topic 2. it then, i don't think that was the norm at the time, and as morgan said, you guys did not need that. >> howard case was a distinguished news man and the moderator. he was embarrassed. he was moderating but he was disappearing for five or more minutes at a time. today you would not have a moderator not jumping in every 30 seconds.

everyone at abc stood back and let the fire burn. >> on c-span's q&a. coming up, next, author gary may talks about someone alabama and its role in the 1965 voting rights act in the south. he discusses the movie "selma" and argues about historical inaccuracies. he is the author of "bending toward justice: the voting rights act and the transformation of american democracy"." this hour and 15 minutes of event was hosted by the american folklife center. >> good afternoon. i am from the house historian's office, and i'm part of the oral history team. today i brought in three oral history video clips to share leading to the voting acts right of 1965 before