refugee politics, we are depriving ourselves of the key way that states normalized relations with one another. host: good luck with your research. amanda demmer of the university of pennsylvania, we appreciate your time. ms. demmer: thank you for having me. the c-span and on networks, politics, books, and american history. on c-span tonight at 8:00 p.m., speeches by two republican presidential candidates. first, scott walker. then, bobby jindal at the national press club. sunday at 6:45 p.m., to profile profiles. first, george pataki. then, rick santorum talks about his time in congress, is 2012 presidential run, and why he is running again. on c-span2, on booktv, tonight

ashill. p.m., jack c sunday at 9:00 p.m. on "afterwards" amy klobuchar talks about her life and political career. on american history tv on c-span 3, tonight at 8:00 in "lectures " paul christopher anderson teaches a class on how south carolina confederates viewed reconstruction in the wake of the civil war. he discusses how some white southerners justified and romanticized their defeat. and, sunday at 2:00 p.m., loving versus virginia pulled it was unconstitutional to prohibit interracial marriage. peter wallenstein examines the

of lovingd legacy versus virginia. get our complete schedule at c-span.org. this year, c-span is touring cities across the country, slowing american history. up next, a look at our recent visit to grand junction, colorado. you are watching american history tv. all weekend, every weekend on c-span 3. area, the only source of clear, cold water from the mountains geared for thousands of years, people have cap tear. we had the early paleolithic indians. nowact, the name, it is the name meantut lodgepole.

today, we are out here to look at thes stone structure behind us. builtis a hastily military structure, what today we would call a rifle pit. we were out here in 2006, doing an archaeological's survey -- archaeological survey, looking for a different object, but while we were out here, we stumbled on the site. we recorded it because we wanted to come back, and were really interested. archaeologists were puzzled by what it was. what we started to excavate in 2009, we found a lot of objects, including fragments of spanish colonial armor, and we'll locked -- wheel locks pistols. you would spin it up, and the pistol itself was probably 10.5

feet long. rightnd the trigger guard in the specific area. wasinitial reaction to it this was an early spanish colonial campsite that we didn't know anything about. the weird thing about this area is it floods constantly, you can probably hear the water behind us. for hundreds of years, there have been these massive floods. youtead of the strategic -- have a 19th century, 18 century, 17th century -- it is all mixed together. we will find bullet fragments from the 19 century with spanish colonial objects. it is really hard, especially for archaeologists, to discern what happened here. another theory is the use of camps here -- they collected metal.

pueblo revolts where they drove the spanish out. the pieces of metal they got were distributed to other tribes and traded. this could have been a collection site for the tries to disseminate metal to different areas. weste at the museum of the . this exhibit chronicles why the spanish travel north, and what they were looking for. i found that a lot of the reasons they gave up north is because they were tracking down myths. the seven cities of gold. a lot of the early spanish chroniclers actually said the seven cities was located off the gulf of mexico, and you follow a large river to 39 degrees north latitude. that is exactly where grand junction is now.

these are the seven cities of gold. wethe museum of the west, are a teaching museum. we tried to re-create environments, if we can. what we did here was something unusual. in this bubble, we actually re-created where we found the spanish colonial artifacts. what we have. that thee of iron blacksmith would have carried to repair equipment while they are on an extradition. .- expedition this one is unusual, it asked a royal stamp on it -- it actually has a royal stamp on it. is from theutton 1850's, but we think, that trail being accused all the time, soldiers pass through, perhaps they saw it and thought it might

be something interesting. we did find an 1850's button, and pure speculation on how it got there. ball.o have a shopt canyonsish brought the inland and mounted them in a piece of wood. they would fire either stone or lead balls. people asked, why not just let ead balls. .he stone walls shattered we did find stone shot. one of the most interesting things in this case, we found a large piece of breastplate armor , but we also found a trigger guard from a pistol, a fairly

large primitive pistol. i have had a lot of people say, are you going to solve this? hope youlike, we don't because we like the mystery of it. historians and archaeologists are very tenacious about trying to find answers. of years ofousands human history at that site. i think if we don't solve them history, we have still documented all these different uses and different eras, and .ultures d down in my heart, i want to solve -- you want to have the answer on paper, and not just yths it end up in other m like the spanish's mythical chase. hopefully we will get down to the bottom of it and find some definitive answers.

>> find out where c-span city ies tour is going next online. >> blue and herbert hoover came to the white house as train geologist and experienced international travelers. just months into hoover's term, .he stock market crashed as the great depression deepened, their one term ended amongst overwhelming public frustration. lou hoover, the sunday night at 8:00 eastern on c-span's original series, "first ladies: influence and image." from martha washington to michelle obama, sunday at 8:00 eastern on american history tv on c-span 3.

♪ all persons having business before the honorable supreme court of the united states, give their attention. >> number 759. number 18, roe versus wade. , loving versus madison is probably the most famous case this court decided. putting the brown decision into effect would take , in thetial orders presence of federal troops and marshals, and the courage of children. >> we wanted to pick cases that change the direction of society and also society.

>> so she told them that they would have to have a search warrant. she demanded to see the paper, to read it, see what it was. they refused to do it, so she grabbed it out of their hands. thereafter, the police officer handcuffed her. >> i can't imagine a better way to bring the constitution to life than telling the great story behind supreme court cases. >> after being convicted for failing to report for relocation , he took his case all the way to this report -- to the supreme court. >> quite often, the most famous

decisions were when the court took decisions that were quite unpopular. >> if you had to pick one freedom that was most essential to the functioning of democracy, it has to be freedom of speech. >> let's go through a few cases that demonstrate very dramatically and visually what it means to live in a society of 310 million different people who stick together because they believe in rule of cases.mark an exploration of 12 historic supreme court decisions and the human stories behind them. a new series on c-span produced with the national constitution center. debuting monday, october 5 at 9:00 p.m. >> next, lafayette college history professor talks about what daily life was like for u.s. and british airmen during world war ii