of learning based on his interest. that is important to our story. leland stanford, junior inspired the creation of stanford this is the birthplace of the university. it's a big part of the origin stanfords and their desire to have a family. unfortunately, because of the untimely death of their son and their great grief, they would create a lasting legacy, which would be the university. of the storyl part of the mansion is that it shows us the stanford's became more prosperous overtime. and in a slow in careful way -- slow and careful way to their prosperity grow.

they seemed content in their early life and as they became more well to do, there's a consistency in the domestic harmony between mr. stanford and his wife. >> find out where the c-span cities tour is going to online c-span.org/cities tour. you are watching american history tv, all weekend, every weekend on c-span3. >> each week until the 2016 presidential election, american history tv will bring you archival coverage of residential candidates on the campaign trail. next, on road to the white house rewind, we look back to the 1992 campaign of arkansas governor president -- arkansas governor bill clinton. he announced his campaign in 1991 and visited the franklin high school where he laid basketball and took questions from students.

mr. clinton: how are you? thank you. this looks good. i like it. what's your name? .ou were in their you didn't get to ask your question? what is this? ok, shoot. do you have any skim milk? what's your name? i'm bill clinton. i'm glad to see you. hello. how are you doing? what is your name? how long have you worked here?

nice to see you. thanks. hello. what's your name? i'm governor clinton from arkansas. >> i've worked here a long time. mr. clinton: taking care of the kids? come with me. where we going? >> with all the political changes and unrest, is it important for a presidential candidate to have a background in foreign affairs and military -- ase question mark defense? mr. clinton: i think it's important for a presidential candidate to demonstrate a clear vision for what our national security and foreign policy ought to be to keep america safe and strong. he shouldink that have to have had a lot of foreign policy experienced before. president reagan had no foreign

policy experiment -- experience, president gorbachev had no experience in foreign affairs when he became president of russia. i'm the longest-serving governor in america and i have had a lot of experience in domestic relations which will have to do with a lot of how we compete. i think you should have to us safeate what keeps and strong, define our national security the post-cold war era, but i don't think we should say foreign-policyh experience can run for president because there's too much evidence we've had too many good president to did not come out of the foreign policy area. >> but you would have to deal with all of those. mr. clinton: but that's not the most difficult part of the job. the most difficult part of the job is what to do it home. i think it's clear on what we

should do dealing with the soviets and where we should go from there. you should be given a chance to say what do you think the foreign policy is, when is it appropriate to use force, how do we keep america straight -- america safe and strong? we have had many good presidents who came out of domestic politics but who understood what it's interests were. just look at president reagan -- he had more success with foreign-policy and the best example of all is gorbachev who came out of a lifetime of domestic politics and has been are more successful. >> you are relying on your helpers? you trust them? mr. clinton: when i graduated from the school of foreign service with a degree in international affairs, i would be the only president ever elected who studied foreign

affairs in college. for the foreign relations committee in the united states senate and i spent 11 years working on global economic affairs. i'm very involved in a portion of this but the more important thing is do you know what to do and do you have good judgment and what is your policy going to be? that's an excellent question. i'm sorry i didn't get to answer that out there. >> i would like to wish you good luck in the future. mr. clinton: thank you. hello. bill clinton. are you a teacher? what do you teach? >> political science. mr. clinton: good for you. i have a daughter very interested in science. she said she what's to be a

scientist and she's in one of our junior high schools. she just started seventh grade in the little rock public schools and they have a magnet program in math and science. she entered the math and science track and i'm real proud of her. high. -- hi. do the kids make good use of the library's? thank you for letting me use the room. what's your name? what do you teach? >> science teacher, biology. mr. clinton: nice to meet you. thank you. good to see you. i want to ask you some questions.

>> ipod it was supposed to be the other way around. -- i thought it was supposed to be the other way around. mr. clinton: you can ask me questions also. is this where i'm supposed to sit? where am i supposed to be? let sit down. where are you going to sit? you told me to sit facing the coke machine. i just do what i'm told. aren't you proud of your

students? >> they are a great group of kids. they really are. mr. clinton: are you the only counselor here? ?hat is the size of the school do you have state standards? >> [inaudible] mr. clinton: do you have any elementary standards? >> yes, we do. [inaudible] 83, wenton: back in rewrote our school standards. we adopted some pretty stiff hiring 14and wound up

statewide. >> [inaudible] mr. clinton: we've got all these kids coming to grade school from really troubled families and even when parents are doing their best to do a good job, they may be poor and have very little education and you have a coming and we get more male counselors in the earlier days because it really enriches the kinds of interactions these kids can have. >> how are your kids financed in arkansas? reverseton: almost the

of new hampshire. there's a 50 state continuum. on one end is new hampshire and on the other end is hawaii. in hampshire, over 90% of the school costs are paid at the local level. it hawaii, 100% of the school costs are paid for at the state level. hawaii only has one school district in the property taxes estate tax. about two thirds of the kids in hawaii go to public schools. there's a huge network of church schools, mostly set up by mormon missionaries in times past. you have new hampshire, which is always completely local, hawaii, which is completely state and all others are in between. ,y state is close to hawaii probably 62% state financed. maybe slightly more than that. about 8% federal and the rest, local. , before our last

funding increase, we were 13th from the top in state funding and now we are probably at ninth. most of the southern states are fairly high for two reasons. one is that there's a historic version of property taxes. in the south. number two is the south has a much higher percentage of kids living below the poverty line. a lot of them tend to be concentrated. if you don't have a high proportion of state funding, you don't get anything like school equalization. you don't even get close. even though we have the majority of state funding and we change our school funding and try to equalize it, it is a never-ending struggle. at least you get closer if you have a high percentage coming from the state.

a sales tax and an income tax. the sales tax is 4.5% state with a local option. the income tax maxes out at 7%. is 49th in thex country. not only in dollars, but a percentage of income. >> what percentage of your budget goes to state? mr. clinton: 70 if you count higher education. public schools alone in arkansas take about half the state budget. what we call the public school , direct aid, transportation aid or vocational aid is a little under half. when you add the cost of the department of education and the cost of the public tv network, you are over half budget.

and between vocational community college and for your college education, probably another 22%. i would run the numbers but it was 70, so probably about 73. >> [indiscernible] it's interesting because in the 1980's, we were still, in spite of the fact that we had to school tax increases into road tax increases, according to the last study, we were one of the bottom 10 states in overall spending increases. , we werenumbers i saw still in the bottom five in the percentage of income going to state and local taxes. we have relatively high state

taxes and you have to look at them both together to see how the state stacks up. >> we have the state setting the standards and local people are expected to pay it will stop the cities with the smaller property tax rate andat don't get equalize schools. pay ainton: even if you higher tax rate, you may not have enough money for kids. you have people pay higher taxes with less money to spend. >> our equalization with foundation aid is 7%. that leaves us at the whims of the bettors.

we are down at the bottom of expenditures per student. mr. clinton: do you think you for -- fromsupport the state for the schools? >> i really don't know. and it ise fear is, justified, if you add another layer of taxation, it won't give perhaps youlief and have just increased taxes. mr. clinton: good to see you. thanks. are we going to play? what? are we playing a game? what?

side?on what senior citizens against the kids? let them have it. him.cover

mr. clinton: pick him up. be careful.

[applause] >> these guys are going to the state tournament. ♪ ofas part of his tour franklin high school, governor clinton met with students were a question-and-answer session. franklin high school is located in concord did a community of about 8500 residents. >> if i could have your attention -- it is with great pleasure today that franklin high school is able to host a democratic residential candidate stop i would like to thank our principal for arranging this business and our class time. inernor clinton was born

arkansas. he was educated at the georgetown school of foreign services and he was a very distinctive road scholar and received his law degree from yale university. he's married and has one daughter. we are very privileged to have the governor here today. before the governor speaks, i would like to introduced -- of thece the president student council, hymie hernandez. [applause] the franklinof high school student body, i would like to welcome governor clinton to our school today. i believe this is a great opportunity for the students of franklin to hear the views of a presidential candidate. i would like to thank governor clinton for taking the time to come and speak to us today and i wish him the best of luck. [applause] mr. clinton: thank you very

much. i would like to thank your principal and my friend, the mayor for accompanying me here. for hymiesay a word here, since he is semi-nervous. he's a better politician than i am, but he reminded me that this is homecoming week and i reminded him if he makes a few more touchdowns, he might get another turn even after he leaves the high school. we need to give him a hand. i thought he did a great job of here. [applause] thank you. let me tell you first of all, i want to talk for a few minutes and then allow as much time as we have for questions. have any questions, you might be thinking of them. when i was in arkansas, i spent a lot of time in schools like this. i come from a family like most of your families, and average middle-class family, came up

through the public schools and if it weren't for the public schools, i would not be standing candidate fora president. i decided to run in large measure because i worked for 11 years in my state to try to improve the economy and educational opportunities for people like you. i believe there are limits to how much any governor can do without national leadership and a national partnership to open up economic opportunities for you. i grew up in a very different time than you did and i want you to think about this. i was your age, we were in the middle of the cold war, the war between the soviet union and the united states for the hearts and minds of little world. the contest between democracy and communism which was symbolized by huge arsenals of nuclear weapons. when i was a young boy, we would go to school assemblies and watch movies about what it would be like if atomic bombs fell on us. we had people saying you have to

have a bomb shelter near you so if there's a nuclear war -- you could run to a bomb shelter and be under a lot of concrete if the bombs dropped. you don't think about that much, do you? i hope you never have to think about that. president gorbachev and president bush announced they're weapons reduce nuclear and we are in a disarmament race right now. you will probably be able to raise your children a world in which you never have to think about that. on the other hand, the world i grew up in had one thing everyone took for granted -- america's economic supremacy. when i graduated from high school in 1964, we had virtually no unemployment in america. we had a high rate of economic growth. everyone who wanted to work at a job and every year, you can look forward to making a little more money than you did the year

before. we had 6% of the world's people and control but percent of the world's wealth. we have 5% of the world's people and we have 20% of the world's wealth, but it is dropping fast. the german economy growing more rapidly than ours and the japanese economy growing more rapidly than ours. we want to restore the economic leadership of the united states so you are not the first generation of young americans to not do as well as your parents did. that's the number one job of the next president. neweven if we create economic opportunities, they can only be seized by young people who are educated to do it. to say ishing i want to ask you to believe a few basic things. you are growing up in a world in which what you can earn depends on what you can learn.

in which just graduating from high school will not be enough. aen you 100% of people to get high school diploma and then you must find some way to get at least two years of further education and training if you want to be competitive in the world we live in. the average 18-year-old going to work today will change work seven or eight times in a lifetime, even if you never change employers. you not only important what learned in high school, it is important that you take out of here the ability to continue to learn in your lifetime. our job, those of us in politics and government, is to create a structure of opportunity, to give you good schools and teachers and some way of keeping score so you know you are learning what you need to know. when you leave high school, we need an apprenticeship system so

that those of you who don't want to go to college can get continuing training programs. if you want to get a college education, i think our country owes you, no matter what your family background, the right to borrow money to go to college. pay it back either as a small percentage of your income over several years or with a couple of years of service to your country here at home in areas where we need your help -- more teachers, policemen, nurses, other things that need to be done. what i want you to believe is you owe something to yourselves and your family and your futures. one of the biggest problems we have in american education today is there are too many students and parents who don't believe all children can learn. there are too many students and parents who believe that how much you learn at school is basically determined by what iq you were born with and what your family income is. competing forare

the future with depend on how work.ou do hard i don't mean hard work means to be boring, but what i hope you believe is you have a responsibility to yourselves into your future to learn more and no matter how much opportunity we put out here, the efforts you make will determine as much as anything else what you learn. in 1987, a ago, representative group of korean and american high school seniors took a math test. the koreans did much better than the americans. that should not surprise you because they go to school 220 days year and we go to school 180 days. by the time they are seniors, they've been in school two years longer. unless you believe we are inherently superior to them, which is not true. the test, kids took

the koreans were asked are you good in math? 26% said yes. the american kids were asked are you good in math and 70% said yes. but the koreans won the test. it's because they work longer and harder. my job is to figure out a way to create opportunity and your job is to seize it. you have to believe you can learn what you need to know to succeed and that is largely related to the effort you make, not the iq or income you were born with. i ask you to think about that. of the want to be part first generation of americans that leaves their children worse off than they were. i want this to be the most exciting time in american history and it should be. you should grow up in a world in which you have more opportunity, choices and a more exciting life than any group of americans

before you. i hope you will make that commitment and in this campaign, i will try to make it as good as it needs to be. thank you very much. [applause] questions? , then you, then we will go along. i will repeat the question in case you can hear it. >> what steps do you intend to take to reform education on the local level in the first year of your presidency? mr. clinton: what steps do i intend to take to reform education at local level. it's a good question for you to ask me because i was one of the principal authors of the national education bill the governors of the president achieved in late september of 1989. let me run through those goals. first, every child should be ready to start school by the year 2000, mentally and physically. that means if there needs to be a partnership with the national

government to guarantee the very best medical care for pregnant women and their children through age five. we should have universal coverage for preventive and primary care. every child who needs it should have access to a preschool program with strong parental involvement. school andds come to the time they show for kindergarten, they don't other colors or shapes, their numbers, they don't know how to properly pronounce her spell their names. it is very difficult for teachers to take into account all those differences if they have not had access to a preschool program. raise the highld school graduation rate to an international standard of 90%. should define what every child needs to know in math and science, history, language and social studies as a minimum and then devised national standards to measure

that at the fourth, eighth, and 12th grade. we should rise to the leadership of the world in math and science education. take all of those together, the federal government, the resident, congress has a responsibility to offer incentives to upgrade skills and improve their ability to teach according to the latest available teaching skills and methodologies. we need a program to put the best equipment into our schools and we need national standards, not that are standards, but national standards for what you should know and a system that measures it instead of the bureaucratic gobbledygook. not to punish you but to give you a roadmap. we need incentives which should come from the state and local level for young people to stay

in school and for alternative learning environments. then, establish a national oppression network so we can identify kids who don't want to go to college and if it is in their interest, we can do that. let's suppose you are a junior in high school and you don't want to go to college or you think you might not want to go to college. germany.e you wouldn't work for a few hours a week. a lot of americans do that now. your employer would promise to hire you when you got out of high school and continue your education. government's job agreed to put the partnerships together and pay part of the cost of your education and training even

after you got out of high school. so even then, your employer would require a real interest that you do well in high school and you would have an interest in staying in. the fifth goal is to establish safe and drug-free schools. that almost exclusively has to be done at the local level but there are some things that need to be done there. provide treatment on demand. andsecond is provide police the third is to encourage alternative punishments for people who are first-time offenders. -- we don'td twos need to send a lot of nonviolent

offenders to jail -- they should be in military camp programs where they get drug treatment. those are the things that should be done. create agoal is to system of lifetime learning. to have institutions like the community college i visited where young people and not so young people can go back over and over again. keep in mind you will probably change what you do seven or eight times in a lifetime. your views on the situation in the middle east? , withinton: first it all regard to iraq and saddam hussein, we have to keep the pressure on him to honor the united nations resolution he signed off on to basically remove his capacity to wage biological, chemical, or nuclear war. thoseent bush put airplanes on alert a few days

ago because we had reason to believe the international inspection team was not being given focal operation. we know the guy is a liar, thug, and a bully. you don't have to be a genius to know that. cannot leave him with biological, and michael, or nuclear capacity and i support what the president did in putting the planes on alert. with regard to the situation in israel, i look forward to the peace process unfolding. i hope we can have this peace conference and i hope the last issues canrocedural be resolved and we can work out a situation in the middle east where we finally bring peace to that region by giving israel genuine security in return for resolving as many of the differences as we can between the israelis, the native palestinians and other arab states. i don't believe we will ever get

there now that the borders have proven to be insecure because of have a plan towe demilitarize the middle east. the arms race in the middle east is still going on unabated and is deeply troubling to me. other questions? to help families get ahead? i think we need to help families in the following ways -- first of all, let's look at the conditions of families today. the average middle-class family has a parent or parents spending more hours on the job, less time with their children, bringing home a smaller paycheck to pay more for education, health care and housing than they were 10 years ago. the most urgent job is to get incomes up. the alleyway to do that is increase the growth rate in america. that means we have to invest

more money in this country and give the american people incentives to invest in products and services that produce good jobs. we can talk about that for an hour, but that's the first thing. the second thing is help them deal with the costs that are eating them alive -- primarily health care and education. you've already heard what i think should be done to finance a college education. we also need a plan for universal, quality, affordable health care coverage. i bet a lot of you and your -- in this room have heard your parents talk about how worried they are about paying for health care. i bet you have heard them about premiums going up, the deductibles going up, the coverage is going down. you may have heard them talk about whether if your grandparents get sick, they don't know how to take care of them.

we need a tax that is fair to people, especially those raising children. 1980's, middle-class families, incomes were stagnant or went up. the wealthiest people in our country's incomes went up to their tax burden went down. we need tax fairness. governor clinton became the sixth leading democrat to enter the presidential race. the governor's campaign manager is bruce lindsey. this is the first time mr. lindsey has worked on a national campaign. stan greenberg is a consultant to the campaign and frank greer is serving as a media advisor. >> next week on road to the white house rewind, our look

back at past presidential campaigns continues with vice president george h.w. bush and the 1988 presidential election. the florida party republican convention where he is introduced by his son, jeb bush. join us every sunday morning at 10:00 eastern and continuing through next year's election on american history tv on c-span3. >> 70 years ago, an international military tribunal began trials of 22 leading nazi officials in nuremberg, germany. were charged with war crimes and crimes against humanity. 1945, the film "nazi concentration in prison camps" was shown and entered as evidence in the court trial. a film historian with the holocaust memorial museum describes the documentary. createds a compilation to be shown as proof against the

high command tried at the nuremberg tribunal in 1945 and 46. it was a film shot by the allies -- the soviets also and the allies as they entered several of the larger concentration camps. it shows corpses and the state in which they found many of the survivors, footage many people will have seen today in different contests -- in different contexts. important was it as evidence? >> it was very important, not only because of the shocking invention -- and visceral nature of what you see on the screen, but it was the first or perhaps one of the first examples of films being used as evidence alongside of all the documents they used to try these men. >> is there still value in viewing it today? >> there is a great deal of

value in viewing it today. if you are a world war ii buff, you will have seen these images before. but it's interesting from a historical point of view to see how it was edited together and you read a lot in the film about what the allies were trying to communicate both in the courtroom and two people back home who were just learning about these horrible crimes. >> the prosecution for the united states will at this time present to the commission a documentary film on concentration camps. >> the slave labor camps liberated by the third armored division -- at least 3000

clinical prison -- political prisoners died here. it had been a depository for for work in unfit the underground plants and other german camps and factories. american middle -- american medical crews found 2000 still alive at the camp and discovered them inside filthy barracks where survival and death was contingent on the ration of the tate appeals, a slice of bread and a liquid that was supposedly soup. the dead quickly outnumbered the living. amid the corpses are human skeletons too weak to move. men of our medical battalions worked two days and nights binding wounds and giving medications. for advanced cases of starvation

and tuberculosis, there are often no cures. the survivors are shown being evacuated for treatment and allied hospitals. >> all of you, thank you for your support and for the kids for just saying no, thank you. is the women of the future will feel truly free to follow whatever paths their talents and natures .2. >> i think they thought the glamorous ands so

what you did was so glamorous, and life was so glamorous all they saw were the parties and meetings. i've got to tell you i've never worked harder in my life. >> nancy reagan served as longtime political partner, for osha's protector, and ultimately as caretaker for president ronald reagan. and involved first lady, she was involved with key staff decisions and campaigning. she may drug use her signature initiative with her just say no campaign. nancy reagan, tonight at 8 p.m. eastern on c-span's original series -- "first ladies, influence and images, examining the public and private lives of the women who served as first lady and their influence on the presidency from martha washington to michelle obama" -- tonight