to think about that? access to capital, or am i just willing to sell my idea to a private company and say i'm not just coming from a job. what we're trying to do is create those opportunities. it's past hiring and career. and if we can't use them ourself, we have a supply network that's rather large. >> what kind of pressure can all of you put on pliers and is it a challenging conversation? is it an easy conversation? >> i had a great conversation just today. we have garrett on your team. entrepreneur. these are great people that companies want to bring into their chains and do business with. so, we're asking corporate america to be a good citizen and make a commitment to them. so, they're looking when i had a

call to action and i said you know what can you do, i'll tell you. you can pay your vendors within 15 days of getting a valid invoice from them. that would show your commitment back and he accepted that challenge and i'm very, we theed path finders like this in corporate america, so that is one of the, it opens the conversations we had and i'm seeing results and am grateful for that. >> is there an argument beyond listen, that you can point to your supply chain and say this is a really brilliant business decision that's going to help you make a lot of money. >> first data as a supplier, general actually declared we're going the hire 30% of new hires spouses. i turned that to our supply chain and said not only do i want you to do it, i'm not writing you out of the contract, but i'd like you to do that as well. not because you're a supplier of

usa, but it makes good business. i found almost every supplier said we want to do that as well because we see the value of doing it. but then the question was how do i do it. so much over the last couple of years has been about helping team people to hire veterans and spouses. now, we need to focus on how to retain them, but now, we're moving into how do we bring in innovation to it. >> we have on any given day, we have 6 million clients in 70 countries who use our products and services. in activating that network, accessing the capital from our coalition partners. the supply chain of opportunities with usaa, walmart. we know that entree into supply chain, supply chains are going to put supply chains.

are very eager to explore. they just don't know where, how or when to go about it. so, bringing everyone to the table, the veteran entrepreneurs that need access to capital with the companies non-profits and federal agencies want to. it's like the next wave of now pioneering thing, but we know from statics, that ta 25% of servicemen and women transitioning want to pursue entrepreneurship, so we want to do everything we can to engage them where ever that is they want to be when they're transitioning out. >> it sounds like navigation is a challenge, right? sba as well. there's sort of the knowing and the actual doing. what are you doing on that front to help people who are also tranning sigsing as a big life change any way and then trying to change, transition into something that's another big life change. what is the sba offer? >> a lot of things, with partners. the answer is our mostly largest

partner and i'm grateful for that. dr. hainey, thank you. getting the word out is the biggest thing i need to do. so, i think military spouse on businesses out here, military members that don't know we saved $8.6 million in fees to veterans and military spouses are eligible for those, too. they don't know it. so i'm counting on folks who can help us make that connection, so those who think they don't care about entrepreneurship, you will have heard this. >> what are you find sg the best strategies in terms of public and private partnerships to make this happen? like if you could completely write the book on how to do it. where do you see the gap and what would you recommend is changed? >> access to entrepreneur training and education, small

business resources and solution and opportunities and commerce and supply chain both from the business to business and the business to consumer models. reaching that critical mass will be the next great thing to we do for this next greatest generation of veterans. >> add to that, i think we need role models. >> how do you mean? >> not the folks like us who join organizations as advisory groups. men and women who have failed out of college, gone into the military. gotten their life squared away and gone on to do something to where other people can say wow, they've done it, i can do it, too. and i don't think we communicate that enough around our industry that you don't, you're not going to be a senior vice president tomorrow. you're not going to lead the military and go to this title

that's out there. you have to work for it. i know they want to work for it burke they're looking for role models to say who's gone before me that i can talk to? who can mentor with me, share with me and prove to me that it will work? i may fail along the way and that's okay. that's part of innovation. maybe that's part of our challenge. >> what's the pilates form for telling those stories? >> honestly, happy stories where peop people, can't sell that to anybody and get it on tv tomorrow. really. told me something that was gloom and doom and ended badly, i could probably leave the newscast with that. how do you tell those stories? role model type stories, what can motivate people.

is there a strategy you have for that? >>. >> i'd love to show you. november 2nd and 6th and we're partnering with public prafting system and -- the hashtag will be my vet biz. i need you and your communities to know. become aware of it. elevate it and open up more doors for them. many are seeing is hometown greeting. we're going to try to do that with small businesses and a little snapshot. so it will get people curious about what they can learn about it. then appear, an incredibly powerful mentoring, it's preferred over commander type above lower in entrepreneurship. we want to see somebody just

like us who has done it already. >> what are the challenges and what's working? not everybody at once. i think that's the next level of conversation. it's really seeing that through and i think that's a challenge. >> well, inside the corporate world, it's really hard to take someone who has entered usaa at a lower management level job because they wanted to work for usa and they assumed they were going to be able to run through the chain and then two years in, say it's not working out or you haven't developed the way we expected you to. that's on us as leaders inside of the organization to take these high talented people and use their skills appropriately. but it's also an indication of the poor. hr function we have that a lot of times we don't do that for all employees.

we should be able to do that with any employee, but we have to be more proactive. >> have you seen a similar thing? >> yes, and we know, too, for small business owner, on the hiring side, no one wants to hire military spouses more than i do. because i'm a military spouse. i'm a veteran. and that's how our team feels. our sources, creators are on borders. our hr team. it's the same with small veteran owned businesses. if you know, if but 50,000 small veteran owned businesses hire one, that's the same. it's still 50,000 veterans being hired and military spouses and again, no one's more committed to that cause than a fellow veteran or military spouse. >> i'm going to turn retention into business mortality and how long a business lives and success there. so, veterans are 45% more likely to start a business, then flip the percentage on how likely

they're going to be successful five years out. 65% more likely to be in business five years later than a civilian counterpart business. it's where you belong. veterans and military spouses have the skills and values to create this opportunity for themselves. from our, the leading companies in the country targeted towards veteran and military spouses. there's much more likely to raise that percentage. and own the small piece of the american dream. >> what a great statistic to know. i appreciate it very much. thank you to our panel. >> thank you.

>> come on. >> 104, big ben for sure. it's clean. that's a big 10-4 there. looks like we have we've got us a convoy. >> made it. >> a special round of applause to the dos amigos over there and their team and this event.

i see my clock is ticking and everybody's probably hungry for lunch. everybody request your uber at the same time to see if they can keep up. i'm jim ray. cofounder of passport. we have a technology platform that matches veterans and civilians to great jobs in the trucking industry. we have the great honor of providing the technology and a leadership for the trucking track. the trucking track's mission is to get get veterans hired into great careers in trucking industry. five years minimum. now, from a reliable source, this is the first time the convoy's been played here and when eric asked me to present an idea of what he would like me to talk about in this conference, the idea of selling this industry to veterans, yeah, your

industry has done a great job and i think it would be great to end the conference and tie everything together and help everybody go out and sell your industry. i want you to start with convoy and we can talk about that's the rubber duck there, if you don't know. everybody knows bow bandit. i was like, not sure i want to do that. the biggest partners in the room, they're going to kill me because it's not the way we want trucking display ed to the worl. but if you think abt, it's genius and the whole way of hiring our heroes presents veteran hiring because they take an industry approach. now, you think about it, you're a veteran. what's the first thing you ask. sell yourg industry is huge. it's hilarious to think trucking

is the only industry that has an image problem. look at even the bigs industries in our country. think about manufacturing. do our workers just stand on an assembly line or are we dealing be lasers and computer design and robots? you think about american agriculture. all sitting on tractors or really blending science and efficiency to feed the world? i met the starbucks guy yesterday, so i got to bring them up because i bring them up a lot. they have a similar problem. only hiring bah ris tas? going to be pat of one of the most extraordinary companies in the world that have simply chains that reach to the farthest corners of our earth. let me talk about what is misunderstood and tie it to some of the things we've talked about. e veteran homelessness. in our business, this is bizarre.

in the trucking industry, we have 30,000 positions open. every year swrus to replace our our truck drivers and other positions that are retiring. 100,000 positions for the next ten years just to keep up. that's a million. we have starting salaries that go from 40 to $60,000. we have jobs, not from trucks to mechanics to executives to sales people to personnel. it's nothing these, our veterans haven't nothing like what they imagined. he said that when we came back from vietnam, we treated our veterans shabbily. i thought that was a perfect word. not only treated them bad, some people just didn't do a good job treating them, but the trucking

industry, when i was a little boy and in my dad and grandfather's terminals, those people in those terminals came from the vietnam war. they started in the trucking industry and they went on to own their own trucks and really, a lot of them are still trucking today. we have some pretty old truck drivers, so, we have a long, long history of employeeing veterans and i'm not sure i should try to talk about it, but the idea of how many veterans suicide, because they don't have a connection to their community. so, the general population of the united states, about 1% military veterans and the trucking industry is north of 20% and nearing 30%. our entire staff are are filled with community already ready to accept them in. so, we're a great model. when you think about selling the industry. we've been selling it, changing

perception and more veterans in the trucking industry than ever before, so i'm going to come up with specific tips. my first tip is that when it's time to sell your industry, you're going to need some buddies. you're going to need to take that approach. to our concept was let's get 12 of the coolest companies that we can think of in the trucking industry that have great jobs, they're innovative. really show us to the world and here are the folks that stood up within a month. these companies stood up almost immediately to do to job. also about 80 fwraet mind out of those companies we meet with every day to do this effort. get your players together and work together. next tip. solve for the whole industry. true, true team work.

so, i've grown up in trucking. i've seen these companies compete and my grandfather probably rolled over in his grave if he saw how well this company has worked together. you will see a wire -- proudly walk a recruit to a jb hunt, which is just unheard of because they know well, we didn't have the best job. and jb hunt might walk it over to tmc and tmc might walk it over to trans america. i have never seen anything like it. it's that constant that if you work together like this, a rising tide will lift all our boats. key. sandy, talkinging about public, private partnerships, sounds like mum bow jumbo, but we found

it is the real thing. i want to really special group that have just been incredible. corn rock and his soldier for life team, fantastic. as you sell your industry, these people are incredible. they have traveled with us. get it better. they helped us design our mentoring program from the fwround up. these companies that support us, they provide 30 mentors for round the clock for these veterans to talk to. we talked a lot about ptsd today. we went to soldiers for life, they connected us to the right people and the company put

together a program to say hey, if you guys are having trouble b, this is not going o the hurt your unemployment and put on some counselors, incredible stuff. kournlgs leadership from our industry association, so there's two industry, probably our biggest industry association in trucking business. american trucking association. and the american trucking association committed to hire 100,000 veterans on behalf of their membership. which doesn't have quite a big a membership committed to hire another 5,000 veterans. that's 150,000 veteran commitments, but what's courageous is not just they made this public statement. it's that they dug in and they've created big efforts to get the word out, education our employers on how to do it, promote the programs and they

even go down to veteran by veteran level and pass people directly into the program. it's extraordinary stuff. trz so, in closing, i'm going to recommend my last big recommendation. so, we have a media problem. i want to tell a little trucking story that demonstrates how we have really lucked out as an industry. december 12th of every year, 70 trucks show up in a small town. each one of those trucks are filled completely with christmas wreaths and they travel down the east coast of the united states as you see this convoy roadways, holding flags. holding back the tears.

and they show up to arlington national cemetery and deliver these wreaths into the hands of 20,000 volunteers. that place these wreaths on every single grave in the cemetery. 400,000 graves and i had to ask brad bentley yesterday, how many other cemeteries we cover. how many other trucks. about 189 trucks in total. 1,039 cemeteries. that's our convoy. i hard a hard time picking u we had a lot of really cool videos in our business. i like this one. it kind of shows how important we are in the industry. what happens when there's national disasters. we need to haul away the wreckage, but then build us back up.

so, enjoy it and have a great lunch. thank you much, everyone. ♪ ♪

♪ ♪ ♪ >> thanks, everybody.

over the last five years, our government leaders, our non-profit, that had an impact. have moved the needle. have had dramatic effect in terms of addressing a crisis in veteran employment. but now is not the time to take our foot off the accelerator. now is the time to institutionalize these great public private partnerships the gaps remaining. so, we thank you for your continued leadership to this effort and we ask you to help us to meet your requirements in your businesses through the vet road map ch thanks. eric. >> thank you. really appreciate your support and really look forward to continuing to collaboration in the years to come. thank you.

>> the g-20 summit in turkey, president obama spoke about the recent terrorist attacks in paris and said his strategy for defeating the islamic state is working despite last week's attacks. john brennan said today he thought the coordinated video attacks in paris were probably not a one off event. >> what might have, look through the cracks. but i can tell you that it's not surprise that this attack was carried out from the standpoint of we did have strategic warning. we knew this plans, plotting

were underway. looking at europe in particular as the enu for carrying out these attacks, but there has been a significant increase in the operational security of the number of these operatives. what it is they need to do in order to -- some capablilities right now that make it difficult legally or intelligence security services to have a security -- >> you can see in an hour at 8:20 eastern and anytime at cspan.org. all persons having business before the honorable, the supreme court of the united states admonish to draw near and give their attention.

my fellow americans, a grave danger. we are faced by the possibility that at midnight tonight t steel industry would be shutdown. therefore, i'm taking two actions tonight. first, i'm directing the secretary of commerce to take possession of the steel mills. >> in 1952, the yit was involved in a military conflict with north korea and at home, a dispute between the steel industry and its union had come to a head. >> korean war was a hot war and they needed steel for munition, thanks, jeeps, for all of those things you needed in the second world war as well, so, if the steel industry went on an industry wide strike, that was going to be a real problem because it's basic to the things

an army and navy need to fight a war. >> to avoid a disruption of steel production, president truman seized control of the mills and as a result, a pending strike was called off. and steel production continued. however, the steel companies led by the youngstown sheet and tube company in ohio disagreed with the action and took the lawsuit all the way to the supreme court. we'll examine how the court r e ruled in the case and the impact on presidential powers. joining our discussion, michael gerhart. and author of power of president. and the forgotten presidents. and william howell, political science professor at the university of chicago and author of the wartime president. power without persuasion and co-author of while dangers gather. that's coming up on the next landmark cases live tonight at

9:00 p.m. eastern on cspan. cspan 3 and cspan radio. for background on each case while you watch, order your popty of the landmark cases companion book. available for 8.95 plus shipping. >> more from the u.s. chamber of commerce summit on hiring veterans with george bush. he spoke about employment tupts for post 9/11 veterans. this is about half an hour. >> great to be back. so many friends, together, our organizations are committed to one of the most critical missions facing our country. that's how to serve families.

the bush institute -- our rows program have joineded together today to address the critical issues around employment. but first, i want to thank all of you currently serving or have served in our military. thank you for volunteering to wear our country's uniform and to protect the freedoms that make our country so great. and thank you to your families, too. will everybody join me in giving them a round of applause? as president bush has rightly said, our country can never fully repay our veterans, but we ought to try and because the support of president and mrs. bush, we're here to talk about how to do that. and i thank them both for their leadership. today, we brought together leader frs the public, private and nonprivate sectors to discuss where progress has been

made in discussing military employment and where they are still challenges to overcome. we'll hear from members of our military and their families. we'll hear about their strugs and triumphs. we'll get a first look at a road map created by the bush institute. the road map serves as a guide for the men and women of our military as they seek meani meaningful, long-term employment. we know securing meaningful long-term employment and experiencing a successful transition from military to civilian life go hand in hand. our citizens have answered the call to support our veterans and military families with opportunity. over the past five years, over 2,000 businesses who are part of the three coalitions in this room, hiring our heroes, the hundred thousand jobs coalition, led by j.p. morgan chase, black

stone, as well as organizations like bank of america, have committed to hiring veterans. our government partners at the va, department of labor and pentagon have made successful employment transition a top priority. by providing new program, resources and partnerships. we've seen the emergence of non-profits like hiring our heroes, american corporate partners and higher heroes usa to name a few. this collective effort is paying off. we see that in hiring and ploim rates. while there have been many success successes, there's still work to be done. it's too early to declare victory. we must sustain the attention, resources and effort we've begun to give this critical issue. we must leverage the lessons as we address the gaps that remain and better focus our efforts going forward. we know that our veterans are an experienced and valuable group of individuals.

we know that sometimes, translating their experience in a way that lead to a job can be challenging. employers often struggle to understand the skills, experiences, strengths and challenges they have. this gap in understanding is part of what we call the civilian military divide. that's why it's important to include military families, spouse rs the first line of support for our veterans and are the backbone of the family while their service member is deployed and returning to civilian life. today, we'll hear about their unique challenges, a key component to the family's financial stability and wellness. we believe that helping members of the military and their families successfully transition to civilian life, is part of our national responsibility. because it's good for our economy and our national security.

thank you again for joining us today and your commitment to providing job opportunities and financial stabilile tility to o veterans and military families. i look forward to conversations and to our work to support the men and women who have volunteered to protect our country. now, it's my pleasure to introduce our partner for today's event. my good friend, the mighty president and ceo of the u.s. chamber of commerce, tom donahue. >> thank you very much, margaret and good morning, ladies and gentlemen. welcome to the chamber and our hall of flags. if you can look up at the ceiling, you'll see the history of the open western world and the flags of the great explorers and we have many of them here with us today. margaret was a very effective

leader of the chamber's foundation that is the home for all that we're doing an hiring our heroes. we had to let her go so they could go to texas and help the president and it's workeded out very well for all of us. the center and its military services has been a strong partner to the u.s. chamber's foundation hiring our heroes. we couldn't be prouder of our hiring our heroes program and all the good work that it's done and continuing to do. it was built around a pretty simple idea. if we could honor the men and woman who have served our coup tri by connecting them with xwood jobs and putting them on fulfilling career paths, we would be doing something highly significant. there was and remains a real need as nearly a million service members transition out to active duty into the civilian workforce in the next year.

eric and his growing team keeping hiring everybody in town, have done a great job advancing this mission. state and local chambers have rallied too it, helping to drive a nationwide movement. leaders in the private and public sector have lined up to support this mission. they've given their time, money and commitment to hiring vet raps and their spouses. capital one has been instrumental in hiring 500,000 heroes campaign and its success. i'm pleased to announce that as of last week, the campaign has reached its goal to half a million have found jobs through this initiative and stay tuned, we're going -- stay tuned, we're

going the top it. the companies have committed to hiring another 200,000 veterans and spouses. it's a remarkable milestone, but the truth is, that this is never really been a hard sell. when employers do the math. they see hiring these heroes is not tonl right thing to do for our country, it's the smart thing to do for their business. we look forward to working with all of you and making this a much bigger program in the future. ladies and gentlemen, we have a very special guest today to help us kick off our program. president george w. bush is a leading champion for this enration of american heroes. as a commander in chief, he supported our troops and their families in ways large and small, in private and in public. and continuing to honor and

support those who have supported our country, both for him and mrs. bush. please join me in welcomes the 43rd president of the united states, the honorable george w. bush. >> thank you very much, tom. it's nice to be back here, kind of. i'm very proud to join up with chamber and especially to be able to hire the heroes program, which as you just heard, has been effective. it takes a lot to drag me back to the swamp. being a grandparent is pretty

comfortable. by the way, our grandchild is the smartest grandchild in america. but supporting our vets is really important and i'm honored to be back here to do so. i know the secretary of labor will be here pretty soon. i want to thank him for coming. i want to thank jim nicholson, former secretary of the veterans affai affairs, key member of my cabinet for being here. admiral sandy winfield, united states navy. vice charm of the joint chiefs. we're thrilled you're here and thank you for your service. i want to thank the active duty vets who are here. if you'd stand up, i want to look at you. thank you all. of course, you heard from

margaret, so we post margaret from a chamber. prior to that, she was secretary of education, did a really good job. and she is helping us at bush center on the campus of smu in dallas, texas, so foster smart policy and to take action to help change people's lives. it's what i think the post presidency ought to be about. like margaret, laura and i, who by the way is here and you'll hear from shortly, we're still passionate about education reform. i ran for governor for texas and because of edge kax, i remember calling my mother, i said, mother, i want to run against ann richards because i believe so strongly in education reform. she said, you're not going to win. gee, mom.

so, at the bush center, we defend accountability in our public schools and we're helping principals become the leaders they should be. i believe women will lead the prix dom movement in the middle east. i believe strongly that freedom is a universal right. i believe it's the only way for peace. and i believe women will lead the movement and therefore, we're helping women in tunisia and egypt become leaders to help change those societies for the sake of peace. we're working with presidential libraries, there's some good assets called presidential libraries, lbjs, 41s, 42s and 43s. dad, clinton and me. along with lyndon johnson, so we launched a presidential leadership scholars program. now, here's what we do. we take talented professionals

from all over the country, all walks of life, all fields at work and develop a circumstance lum that will sharpen their leadership skills by using case studies at each presidential library. they have a special knack for leadership and a special place in my heart. do you miss being president? i miss some things about being president. i miss having a shower on an airplane. i miss the pastry chef. i miss the people with whom i served. i don't miss much else. i'm comfortable in my life. but there is one thing i miss. and that is looking in the eyes of the men and women who volunteered to serve our country and saluting them. i miss being the xhapder in chief of our great nation, so i've decided to dedicate the

rest of my life to helping our vets. to helping those who woman i was honored to serve. after 9/11, you know, as vietnam era guy, it is really startling to think back about the response by our country after 9/11, when millions volunteered. and now, they're coming home. and now, they're trying to re-enter society. over the next five year, one million brave men and women will complete their military service and the question is, can we help them. in a meaningful way. they face challenges really different from the battlefield. some feel misunderstood or understood appreciateded. too many desperately so. and rate even higher than the

rest of the country. post 9/11 secrvets had difficul finding meaningful careers, so the initiative is helping americans better understand our veterans, more effectively supreme cou support our veterans and take advantage of the opportunity to employ our veterans. that is our mission. it is led by army colonel miguel howell. as well, he's being helped by a marine. matt amanadona and i'm pleased to report, they get along prosecutorty well. i want to thank those of you who helped miguel and matt get our program started. one such stage a dear friend of might be is general pete pace. one of these kind of guys who does not believe in retirement.

once a marine, always a marine. general, it's good to see you. we really haven't asked many important questions. like who are the vets. what do they need? in effort to better know our veterans, the bush center partnered with military families at syracuse university. we completed one of the most comprehensive studies conducted on post 9/11 vets. we learned some hopeful things. 82% of the vets said they would recommend military service to someone considering signing up. 94% said yes. 84% of the veterans say the

american public has little awareness of the challenges facing their families. turns out, most americans agree. 71% of americans say they don't understand the problems fats faising our veterans. we call this the civilian military divide. one lesson of our research is that the divide is exacerbated by public perceptions that the veteran is either a hero or to be pitied. they see themselves as americans who took on a tough job and did it well. they don't want elaborate celebrations or expressions of condolences. never hurts to say thanks. really not the point. what most veterans want is to have their service understood and appreciated for what it is. a formative experience in their lives and a source of skills and values that prepare them to succeed in civilian life.

americans when they came back from vietnam were treated shabby. no matter opinions about that war or not. the treatment of our vets was disgraceful. a shameful period. 9/11 has been a healthy debate on the war as it should be, but americans have put political views aside and strongly support our troops an vets. more than 45,000 not for profit organizations in our country, have a mission at least partly related to serving veterans. it's a big number and it's a great testament to our country's strong support for our veterans, but it can be overwhelming for newly returned veterans looking for help and while these organizations have good

intentions, some deliver better results than others. so, if the bush institute has undertaken a project to help measure the effectiveness of these ngos. we studied data, and outcomes produced. to help refine our analysis, we conducted case studies on some of the leading and effective organization. we released toolkits at organizations and funders can use to achieve higher standards and match good intentions with good results. our study revealed that post 9/11 veterans face even higher rates of unemployment than their civilian counterparts and that's a top concern. most of the effective veterans serving non-profits have recognized and are responding to that priority. in addition to the chambers highing our heroes program abley led by eric, we're joined by hire the heroes usa and american

corporate partners. i want to thank you for all you're doing. the unploim problems especially. and sadly the costs of unemployment are not only financial. studies show that veterans without a steady job are more susceptible to other problems like depression, addiction, homelessness, and suicide. we've studied and analyzed the most significant barriers to veteran employment. one problem is that veterans and employers both have a hard time translating military experience. there's a language barrier. say a person applies for a job and on the form there it says skill set and he says sniper.

likely the vice president of human relations is going to say we don't need one this year. [ laughter ] >> had that person put on the application form that i've had a lot of experience dealing with pressure, that i'm a team player, i'm loyal to a cause greater than self, i understand how to follow instructions, i'm a responsible citizen, that vice president more likely would say that's the kind of person we want working for us. i've employed a lot of people, some argue too many, during my time. but what i've learned is that skills are teachable, but what matters most is the character of the human being. the values, the work ethic, and that sense of personal

responsibility, and this is what our veterans bring. and this is what all of us in this room are going to help our employers understand. when a resume says united states military, to me, it says you can count on the applicant to be loyal, disciplined, a team player, and a proven leader. across our country businesses are recognizing that hiring the heros hiring the veterans is not only the right thing to do, it is the smart thing to do. part of our mission at the bush center is to call attention to those folks. many companies have innovative programs and some of them are here. by the way, we're not only talking about vets. we're talking about their spouses as well. i'm going to give a shout-out to 7-eleven, black stone, jpmorgan chase, uber, usaa, and walmart. there are a lot of other companies, there's no question about it, but these are the ones

that have come to our attention with innovative programs that are more than just a program. they're actually providing work that lasts and we thank them for that. bank of america is a company that understands hiring vets is more than a moral imperative. it is good for the bottom line. i want to talk about sergeant kyle white. he took advantage of the g.i. bill. he graduated with a degree in finance from unc charlotte. he got hired by merrill lynch as a product specialist. i don't know what that means. anyway, what he calls himself is a product sergeant. every day at the office he brings to bear what he calls the bag of skills that he learned in the military. i met him there in dallas. he came. you might have heard from him, about him. he's a medal of honor winner.

he's one of these men who put his life on the line to save his buddies. he talked to me about the challenges he faced transitioning. he had what was then diagnosed as ptsd. the symptoms of post-traumatic stress can be tough on veterans and their families. another problem is there's a stigma attached with pts. partly because it is mislabeled a disorder. and partly because many people aren't aware of the treatment options some veterans suffering from post-traumatic stress are reluctant to seek help. as a result of this misunderstanding, pts is another barrier to employment, and something that we're trying to help the employers understand to make the results on the job front even better.

most doctors will tell you post-traumatic stress is not a disorder. it's an injury that can result in the experience of battle. it's treatable. and the military and medical communities have made progress in developing effective ways to deal with pts. so therefore at the bush center we're starting an effort to drop the "d" to help people better understand that we're talking about an injury. we want to make sure that the vets retrieving -- receiving treatment are not viewed as damaged goods. they're not mentally shattered. they're people who got hurt. employers would not hesitate to hire a talented employee getting treatment for high blood pressure or recovering from a broken arm. they should not hesitate to hire a vet being treated for pts.

one of the leaders in this area is general pete corelli. he was the head of the army when i was president. he's a good man. he's on our advisory council. he's made it his mission to spread the word about the science behind pts and the medical treatment veterans can receive. bush center we work with pioneering programs like pete's one mind, nyu cohen military family clinic, the national intrepid center of excellence and others to address challenges caused by pts. our goal is to eliminate the visible wounds of war as barriers to employment and empower our vets to realize their full potential and therefore empower our country. to help veterans overcome the obstacles to employment and find the resources they need and navigate the complicated path to

meaningful civil careers, today we're releasing the veteran employment transition road map. we developed it in partnership with hiring our heros. starting this morning veterans can download it for free at bushcenter.org. the road map breaks down the job search into three clear phases. it outlines essential steps and provides vetted resources designed to help veterans succeed and lead as civilians. our vets have taken on the toughest tasks imaginable, and now it's our turn to continue to help. laura and i are thrilled to be here. we thank you for your efforts. there's no doubt in my mind we can succeed. god bless.

[ applause ] secretary of state john kerry flew to paris -- the supreme court of the united states are admonished to draw near and give their attention. >> my fellow americans, tonight our country faces a grave danger. we are faced by the possibility that at midnight tonight the steel industry will be shut down. therefore i'm taking two actions tonight. first, i'm directing the secretary of commerce to take possession of the steel mills and to keep them operating. >> in 1952 the united states was involved in a military conflict with north korea and at home a dispute between the steel industry and its union had come

to a head. >> the korean war was a hot war and they needed steel for munitions, for tanks, for jeeps, for all of those things that you needed in the second world war as will. if the steel industry went on an industry wide strike, that was going to be a real problem because it is basic to the things that an army and navy and air force need to fight a war. >> to avoid a disruption to steel production, president harry truman seized control of the mills and as a result a pending strike was called off and steel production continued. however the steel companies led by the youngstown sheet disagreed with the lawsuit and took the issue all the way to the supreme court. we'll examine the case and the impact on presidential powers. joining our discussion president

michael gerhardt and william howl, political science professor at the university of chicago and author of "the wartime president, power without persuasion," and co-author of "while dangers gather." that's coming up on the next "landmark cases." live tonight on c-span, c-span 3, and c-span radio. order your copy of the "landmark cases" book. secretary of state john kerry flew to paris today, the first senior administration obama official to visit paris since the terror attacks on friday. secretary kerry gave a brief statement at the u.s. embassy in paris after speaking with a

small group of u.s. and french officials. >> i have said many times, as have all of my predecessors, that france is america's oldest friend, our first ally. and during our darkest hours, that fact rings truer than ever. it was true when lafayette crossed the atlantics 238 years ago to help americans achief liberty. it was true in 1917 when general pershing's army arrived in france to join the allied front and his aide proclaimed, lafayette, we are here. it was true in world war ii when america joined the courageous fighters of the french

resistance in opposing and defeating the greatest evil the world has ever known. and certainly it was true 14 years ago in the wake of the september 11th attacks in new york, pennsylvania, washington. le monde's front page read "we are all americans." and it became clear at that moment that our century's long relationship had evolved into even more. the united states and france were not only friends. we're a family. today the entire world joins our family in heartbreak yet again. don't mistake what these attacks represent. this is not a clash of civilizatio civilizations. these terrorists have declared war against all civilization.

they kill christians because they are christians. they kill shia because they are shia and on. they rape and torture and pillage and call it the will of god. they are in fact psychopathic monsters and there is nothing, nothing civilized about them. so this is not a case of one civilization pitted against another. it is a battle between civilization itself and barb barberibarbeisbarbism. that's why every nation state around the world is opposed to daesh. and so the violence, the terror,

the murder of people, this is an assault not just on france, but coming on the heels of brutal attacks in lebanon, iraq, and elsewhere. it is an assault on our collective sense of reason and purpose. an attack on civility itself. and i want to thank the men and women who bravely reported to the scene of the attacks and those who continue to work around the clock to heal the injured, restore calm, and provide relief. among those who died on friday night was an american student, nohemi gonzalez. she had come to paris for so many of the same reasons americans do and have for centuries, to expand her horizons, enrich her education, and experience the magic of the city. as one of her former classmates

put it, nohemi's death, the world lost such a beautiful shining light. now i understand the sadness of those who knew nohemi and other victims. the world is diminished by their deaths and no words of comfort, sorrow, or even resolve can change that. we don't have the power to bring them back, so we must do instead what is within our power and that begins with a sense of fierce solidarity among good and decent people everywhere with a vow that we will never be intimidated by terrorists and with the promise that we will never allow these murderers to achieve their vile aims. no one should doubt that the light still shines in the city of light and that darkness will

not ever, never overpower it. as history records, paris has known even darker moments, and it has overcome them. the people of paris joined by their friends, partners, and family across the globe will stand up for and live by the values that like the world the underlying principles that form the backbone of our laws and the essence of our common humanity, the pursuit of justice and the embrace of peace, the belief in the dignity and the worth and the rights of every human being, liberte, egalite, fraternite. tonight, the u.s. embassy in paris joins the many other landmarks around the world shining the lights of the french republic. we do so as a reminder to the brave people of france that your

american sisters and brothers will stand with you shoulder to shoulder as we have stood together throughout history. tonight, we are all parisians, and as the old motto of this resilient city says and as parisians have painted across the social media in recent days, [ speaking in a foreign language ] >> we will not let our sorrow for the loss of life overcome us. we will not lose sight of all the good that we are working together to do. we will not change our course or cancel our plans, including our plans to come together in paris later this month for the u.n. climate conference. and president obama told me today how much he looks forward

to being here and being part of that important moment. ultimately, we will defeat daesh and all who share their despicable ideology and we are on the course to do so. we will continue also to show compassion to those who seek refuge from the violence that the terrorists engender. we'll fight to ensure that the world that our children inherit is richer in love and shorter on hate. we will work to bring like nohemi gonzalez a beautiful shining light to areas, places that are couched in darkness. that's our responsibility, that's our duty, and we will do our duty side by side and we will prevail. [ speaking in a foreign language ]

[ speaking in a foreign language ] all persons having business before the honorable, the supreme court of the united states are admonished to draw near and give their attention. >> my fellow americans, tonight

our country faces a grave danger. we are faced by the possibility that at midnight tonight the steel industry will be shut down. therefore i'm taking two actions tonight. first, i'm directing the secretary of commerce to take possession of the steel mills and to keep them operating. >> in 1952 the united states was involved in a military conflict with north korea and at home a dispute between the steel industry and its union had come to a head. >> the korean war was a hot war, and they needed steel for munitions, tanks, for jeeps, for all of those things that you needed in the second world war as well. so if the steel industry went on an industry wide strike, that was going to be a real problem because it's basic to the things an army and navy and air force need to fight a war. >> to avoid a disruption of

steel production crucial to the military, president harry truman seized control of the mills and as a result a pending strike was called off and steel production continued. however, the steel companies led by the youngstown sheet and tube company in ohio disagreed with the action and took the lawsuit all the way to the supreme court. we'll examine how the court ruled in the case of youngstown tube and sheet company. joining us michael gerhardt and william howell, political science professor at the university of chicago and author of "the wartime president, power without persuasion," and

co-author of co-author. live tonight on c-span, c-span 3, and c-span radio. order your copy of the "landmark cases" companion book. it is available for 8.95 plus shipping at c-span.org/landmarkcases. at the end of the g-20 summit in turkey, president obama spoke about the recent terrorist attacks in paris and said his strategy for defeating the islamic state is working despite last week's attacks. the president ruled out u.s. troops on the ground. john brennan said today me thought the coordinated attacks in paris were probably not a one-off event. >> it's a real privilege to welcome john brennan. i've had the privilege of working with john on and off for

20 years. of course, he is the director of the central intelligence agency. i don't know that anyone is better prepared or equipped for this job than john. john joined the agency 35 years ago. and so imagine having someone who is so deeply schooled in the foundation of this critical agency that is at the front lines for us every day. and he has been now leading these last two years, but this is -- he spent five years in the white house before he got there, and so this is a very long time for anyone and he's doing an exceptional job. i feared because of the events of the weekend that we might not have him this morning, but i'm grateful, john, that you were able to come. we're delighted that he's here. would you all please, with your applause, welcome john brennan.

thank you. [ applause ] >> thank you very much, john, for those kind words as well as for the invitation to invite me to speak here this morning at csis and the global security forum. i had the pleasure of speaking at csis at its previous residence when i was serving at the white house. it is a privilege to come back and share my thoughts with you this morning on some of the key global challenges that our country faces today. i also want to take this opportunity to express publicly my deep appreciation to john humrey who is one of the leading lights in the field of national security. after a distinguished government career, john has continued to make important contributions to our national security, and i think i speak for all of us in thanking him for adding such

wisdom and value to the public conversation on global issues. john, thank you so much. in many respects he shares the mission of our intelligence community to help policymakers identify, understand, and hopefully successfully address the myriad national security issues that our nation faces in a dynamic and very dangerous world, a very dangerous world indeed. my opening remarks this morning are different from those i reviewed and finalized in the early afternoon of last friday. they are different because our sensibilities and our souls have been jarred once again by the horrific and wanton violence perpetrated upon the innocent in the streets, caves, and concert halls of the beautiful city of paris. our heartache for the scores killed and injured in those savage attacks and our thoughts are with them and their

families. likewise, our condolences and a our thoughts go out to those killed in the crash of the russian airliner in the sinasin. they each bear the hallmarks of terrorism carried out by the so-called islamic state or isil. an organization that carries out criminally and morally depraved actions. isil over the past several years has swallowed up large swaths of territory in iraq and syria, brutally killing thousands upon thousands of men, women, and children along the way. not content to limiting its fields to iraqi and syrian

lands, isil has developed an external operations agenda that is now implementing with lethal effect. i'm sure we'll talk more about isil in the question and answer session, but let me note the grave threat proposed by the phenomenon of isil makes it absolutely imperative that the international community achieve a commitment to an unprecedented level of cooperation, information sharing, and joint action in intelligence, law enforcement, in military operations, and in diplomatic channels. the isil threat demands it. at cia, we work closely with foreign intelligence security services around the globe to advance our shared counterterrorism goals. over the course of many years we have forged broad and deep partnerships with our closest allies in europe such as great britain, france, and many

others. these strategic relationships have been instrumental in helping to knit together an organization to disrupt terrorist plans and activities. while many terrorist operations have been thwarted, tragically not all plots are thwarted in time. for instance, we are working very closely with our egyptian partners who are working tirelessly to prevent isil terrorists from launching attacks that are aimed at derailing egypt's political reform initiatives and objectives. i reiterate our commitment to strengthening our partnership in cairo just this last week. while washington and moscow can

significant policy differences on how best to bring the bloodshed in syria to close, i have had several conversations with one of my russian counterparts over the past several weeks about ways to strengthen u.s.-russian terrorism cooperation specifically on the isil threat. these relationships are essential to diplomacy and military operations. we benefit from a wider net of collection and from the insights of local services all of which enhance the intelligence we provide to policymakers. the fact is good intelligence, timely, accurate, and insightful, is the cornerstone of almost every aspect of national security policy today from military action, to diplomacy, to international law enforcement. with good intelligence our policymakers can better understand the risks, the challenges, as well as the opportunities attendant to key

national security issues, which is evermore important given the array of major challenges to u.s. challenges and global security we face today. the pressure one might get is the world has become more unstable and indeed the historical record supports that judgment. in the past three years there have been more outbreaks of instability since the collapse of the soviet union matching the rate we saw of decolonization in the 1960s. this has not just been a period of protest in government change, but breakdowns in many state's ability to govern. ongoing conflicts in syria, iraq, ukraine, yemen, and libya and parts of africa are clear examples. the human toll is reflected in the u.n.'s recent announcement that the number of refugees and

internally displaced persons in the world is the highest it has been since world war ii. and of course all of this localized strife gives rise to the persistent threat of international terrorism. when cia analysts look for deeper causes of this rising instability, they find nationalistic, sectarian factors that are eroding the structure of the international system. they see the impact of climate change and other elements that are cause for concern. first, the ideas, institutions, and states are under significant stress. it is easy to think of this as a phenomenon confined solely to the developing world. but there is considerable stress on governments in event the

world's most stable regions. in europe, for instance, the migration crisis and a host of other factors have given rise to heightened nationalism and the popularity of political parties on the far right and the far left. ideas that were the pillars of the continent's post-war prosperity are being questioned in some corners. across the globe in both authoritarian and democratic societies governments are finding it difficult to meet the demands of their populous popul. and as we have seen, when people become disillusioned with the powers that be, social media enabled them to more quickly and easily form associations that

defy the stus quote and in part that is why the global landscape has been changing at a faster and much more disruptive pace. how nations respond to these challenges, adoapt to them, and evolve will be one of the great plot lines of the 21st century. when i meet with my foreign counterparts from friendly and not so friendly governments, i sense a very real american people -- apprehension. interestingly, i hear these concerns everyone from officials representing governments that are contributing to the problem. in europe anxiety has risen in states after moscow demonstrated its willingness to use military and paramilitary forces in ukraine. china unilaterally pursues

territorial claims. the principle of democratic governance is under siege. freedom house reported more declines than gains in the quality of democracy worldwide. soc socioeconomic strains are eroding democracy as is the rise of aauthoritarianism. second, the resumption of strong sustained growth in the wake of the 2008 financial crash and the euro crisis has been elusive for some of the world's largest economies. china's economy is slowing. in many developing societies

growing possessicism about the prospects for economic advancement is fueling instability. the arab world have been unable to achieve the growth needed to produce high employment rates. perceptions of growing inequality have resorted to street politics and populism. there are fewer resources to develop to economic and peacekeeping assistance to address these challenges. mankind's relationship with the natural world is aggravating these problems and is a potential source of crisis itself. last year was the warmest on record. extreme weather along with public policies effecting food and water supplies can worsen or create humanitarian crises. sharply reduced crop yields in multiple places simultaneously could trigger a shock in food

crisis with devastating effect, especially in already fragile regions such as africa, the middle east, and south asia. finally, the rapid advance of information technology has given rise to an entirely new and wide open domain for human interaction and progress, the cyber realm. as an intelligence officer, much of my job involves dealing with unintended consequences of the cyber revolution. for as much as it brings the world together, it also serves the purpose of those who wish us harm. of greatest concern is cyber realm gives small groups and individuals the potential to inflict damage on a scale previously restricted to nation states. while states are largely rational actors subject to deterrence, the same does not apply to terrorists.

the department of homeland security reports that more than 640,000 cyber-related incidents affected federal agencies in fiscal year 2014. the massive and prolonged hacking of employee records held by the office of personnel management underscores the intensity of assaults on government i.t. systems. i am personally all too familiar with the ease hackers can use social engineering techniques to perpetrate criminal intrusions into personal e-mail accounts and technology information and communication systems. for one thing, the economics of cyber attacks are skewed to favor the attackers. exploits are easily acquired. in fact, their prices are falling dramatically in some criminal markets not because of declining demand, but because of an increasingly competitive

marketplace. these exploits can be reused on multiple targets. and the likelihood of detection and punishment remains low in most instances. and while the vast majority of cyber attacks target money, proprietary information and privacy itself, we need to realize the range of potential targets is much, much greater. we simply cannot discount the very real possibility of attacks against vital information, utilities, transportation, and other essential underpinnings of modern civilization. the world has changed dramatically since i first raised my hand and swore an oath of allegiance to the united states government. i remember vividly taking a seat at my first desk on the sixth floor of our langley headquarters, putting my fingers not on the keyboard of a computer but the keys of an

electric typewriter. 35 years later our lives and fingers are linked to the cyber realm, the new digital frontier where most human interactions, transactions, and communications take place. while that digital environment holds tremendous potential and opportunity for the further advancement of humanity, our dependence on it brings risks and challenges. reactive strategies are insufficient. there has to be systemic learning informed by constant information sharing so one organization's detection becomes another's prevention. in other words, countering cyber threats is very much a team effort. this is a privately owned and operated environment in which the rules remain uncertain at best. a number of federal efforts in recent years have promoted the

sharing of cyber threat information between the private sector and government. dhs and fbi, for example, have programs to share cyber threat information with a broad community of stake holders. we should be sharing a lot more information we as a nation. congress has tried, so far without success, to pass laws for comprehensive cyber policy. the fact is 20th century laws cannot effectively deal with 21st century threats. within the past few weeks the snalt passed the cybersecurity information sharing act. we may see a conference bill by early next year, which would be a very important step forward. as our country deals with this

issue and specifically the security and privacy concerns that revolve around information sharing, it is important to note that security and privacy are certainly not mutually exclusive. the benefits of improved information sharing can be achieved in manner that protects privacy and civil libertieliber. shortly after i returned to the agency some two and a half years ago, i started to consider what we could do to ensure that cia is well prepared for both the opportunities and the challenges of the future. and the digital world stood out as an area that required special and immediate attention. when i asked a group of our

senior officers last fall to ponder the agency's future and come back with a strategic plan, they agreed that we had to do a much better job of embracing and leveraging the digital revolution. consequently one of the pillars of our modernization program that we launched this past march was the addition of a fifth dekt rat as part of the biggest change to cia structure in five decades. directorate of digital. it is responsible for accelerating the integration of our digital and cyber capabilities across all of our mission areas, espionage, open source intelligence. but if we are to excel in the wired world, we must place our

activities in the digital domain at the very center of all our endeavors. it was launched last month and we expect it to contribute enormously to every facet of our global mission. we at cia will be more capable and effective in safe guarding our country from the full range of threats we face beyond and within our borders. let me conclude by saying what i always say to each new class of agency officers to whom i administer the oath of office every month at our headquarters in langley. i have the best job in the world, bar none, because each day i worked with the most dedicated and patriotic individuals that this country has to offer. in light of the national security challenges i just highlighted, the need for the contributions of these individuals at cia has never been greater. thank you. i look forward to taking your

questions. [ applause ] >> john, thank you very much. i think we all can see why we're so grateful that you're serving at such a crucial time. you're a wonderful leader. we're going to take some questions. i'm going to moderate this a bit. no lectures. i'm going to cut you off. if i get a lecture, you're going to get a humiliating response from me. nobody came here to listen to you and your thoughts. they came here to listen to his. we're going to start with you. >> good morning. my name is josh rogan. i'm a reporter with bloomberg view. thank you for your time today and thank you for your service. the paris attacks, the blame, of course, lies primarily at the feet of the terrorists, but i think i give voice to the question a lot of us have in

this room and around the country when i ask how was this allowed to happen. we're talking about an attack that had planning for weeks or months and yet the world's leading intelligence agencies didn't even catch a whiff of it as far as we're to understand. is that right? what went wrong and what needs to be done now to make sure this never happens again? thank you. >> many of these terrorist operations are uncovered and thwarted before they're able to be carried out. when i think about what happened in paris, clearly there was an effort that was under way for quite sometime that was fairly sophisticated because of the nature of the attacks in terms of their simultaneous nature. we work very, very closely with our french partners. i have an exceptionally strong relationship with the heads of the external and internal

services. a lot of our partners right now in europe are facing a lot of challenges in terms of the numbers of individuals who have traveled to syria and iraq and back again. and so their ability to monitor and surveil these individuals is under strain. now, i know the french are going to be looking at what might have slipped through the cracks, but i can tell you that it's not a surprise that this attack was carried out from the standpoint we had strategic warning. plotting by isil was under way, looking at europe in particular as the venue for carrying out these attacks. there has been a significant increase in the operational security of these operatives in the terrorist networks as they have gone to school on what it is they need to do in order to keep their activities concealed from the authorities. as i mentioned, there are a lot of technological capabilities

that are available right now that make it exceptionally difficult technically as well as legally for intelligence security services to have the insight they need to uncover it. i do think this is a time for particularly europe as well as here in the united states for us to take a look and see whether or not there have been some inadvertent or intentional gaps that have been created in the ability of intelligence and security services to protect the people that they are asked to serve. and in the past several years because of a number of unauthorized disclosures and a lot of hand wringing over the government's role in the effort to try to uncover these terrorists, there have been some policy and legal and other actions that are taken that make our ability collectively

internationally to find these terrorists much more challenging. and i do hope that this is going to be a wake-up call, particularly in areas of europe where i think there has been a misrepresentation of what the intelligence and security services are doing by some quarters that are designed to undercut those capabilities. >> thank you. i'm mitsy. you used a very important phrase called systemic learning. i'm struck by the inhibition of asking questions that exist. i've been with the defense department for almost 40 years. apple has a really interesting technique. everyone that goes to apple is told if you don't know, ask. we all learn together. and i urge that to you and every leader in government because the volume -- question.

>> how would you do that? >> i used the terms systemic learning. the world is changing before our eyes. the technological revolution has totally, totally transformed not just the intelligence work, but our daily lives. and so the people who are growing up today, they're growing up with technology in their hands, but that technology has tremendous, tremendous implications. it can be done for good or it can be done in harm in terms of the use of that technology. i think you're right. as a society, as a government, we need to make sure we're not making faulty assumptions because of what the past has told us. we need to make sure that we understand and this is why we created this directorate digital innovation. i want to be sure that we in cia

understand all the implications of that digital environment. what does it mean if i want to have my officers operate c clandestinely overseas when everywhere we go we pick up digital dust? we create a forensic history. people who are joining the agency have forensic history already. and so i want to make sure that we're able to operate the way we always have in terms of our ability to collect intelligence that is necessary for this national security in this new digital world. so systemic learning means, to me, across all the various realms that we operate within and particularly in that cyber realm. >> morning, mr. director. margaret warren from the pbs news hour. if you look at who was involved in this attack, it looks like the exact same connection between brussels and france,

whether it is travel unmonitored, whether it is where they get their weapons and how they go back and forth. after these "charlie hebdo" attacks, what kind of changes did that make in that relationship and in retrospect what more could they have done? >> i will defer to my french partners to talk about the types of things that they are doing and they did since the "charlie hebdo" attack. but as you point out the plot that was uncovered in belgium earlier this year has all the similar types of hallmarks the attack against paris had in terms of individuals that were directed to carry out these attacks. there are smuggling networks inside of europe. the stocks that were overrun in the 1990s, i think there is an active black market that a lot of these criminal elements will be able to take advantage of. so when i look at the

interaction between the various countries in europe and the ease with which you can travel across borders, it makes those borders quite porous. the challenge for the french and other security and intelligence services becomes that much more daunting. i think part of the issue is there is an overwhelming number of cases that they need to pursue. i was just reading in the press this morning prime minister cameron announced there's going to be 1900 additional british intelligence officers because of the need to make sure you have the experts to deal with these issues so we're not limited in terms of who we can look at more closely or who we can follow. i think a number of european countries are going to take note of what happened in paris and see what they can do to boost not just their capabilities, but their resources. [ inaudible ]. >> i think the u.s. has significantly increased our

resources certainly since 9/11, but every day we are constantly evolving. to me, it is a continuous improvement process and the systemic learning, so we are looking very closely with our french partners to understand exactly some of the mechanisms and techniques that these operatives use. their operational security really, really is quite strong. >> yes, indeed. thank you so much for your comments today. given the very large number of european union citizens who has, as you said, traveled to the conflict region and been involved with isis activities and the possibility of sealing europe's borders, should we regard this type of attack as a one-off event or is this a new normal? >> i certainly would not consider it a one-off event. it is clear to me that isil has

an external agenda that they are determined to carry out these types of attacks. this is not something that was done in a matter of days. this was something that was deliberately and carefully planned over the course of, i think, several months in terms of making sure they had the operatives, the weapons, the explosiv explosives, the suicide belts. i would anticipate this is not the only operation that isil has in the pipeline. security intelligence services right now in europe are working feverish feverishly in terms of uncovering it. the challenge inside of syria and iraq right now in dealing with isil is something that is going to, i think, take quite a bit of time yet to be able to destroy isil, but it's not going to content itself with violence

inside the syria and iraqi borders. it is going to be looking abroad. we saw what recently happened in lebanon as well with the attacks in southern beirut which bears all the hallmarks of isil. it is not just europe. i think we here in the united states have to obviously be quite vigilant. >> ron taylor with the george washington university center on cyber and homeland security. my question is, given the concert hall and the restaurant were in the private sector domain, many private sector organizations over the recent years have increased their awareness that they have a security role. so you see more chief security officers, more vice presidents of security. do you foresee kind of a movement toward more cooperation with the private sector and in particular those security components within the private

sector that could play a role in this kind of fight? >> well, certainly by definition in the cyber realm there has to be that partnership. 85% of the worldwide weapon is owned and operated by the private sector, and so what we need to do as a country, we need to find the type of relationship with the private sector that is built on mutual confidence and trust and understanding in terms of what the respective roles and responsibilities are. there is reluctance on the part of many in the private sector to share information about what some of the internal operations and maybe penetrations of their systems because of concerns that it could effect their stock prices. we need to find the mechanisms on both sides that information can be shared without having the untoward implications that some fear. on the physical security side, it was outside of a soccer stadium.

there is very close cooperation here in the united states between law enforcement, intelligence security officials, homeland security with major sports franchises, teams, organizations, making sure that those venues are strong in terms of their precautions they take. the homeland security department has done a very good job of reaching out to state and locals. this is not something the government itself can handle. i think it shows that the united states is a big country. europe is a big continent. and there are not enough resources to be able to anoint everybody to be a government intelligence security or law enforcement officer. there needs to be responsibilities on the part of individual actors in the private sector as well as individual citizens. i think this is unfortunately a feature of our time.

>> good morning. kylie morris. there's been a lot of discussion about whether or not the u.s. has underestimated the threat from the islamic state and focusing on issues of containment in the middle east in iraq and syria and on the threat posed by lone wolves but not looking at the capacity of the organization to carry out attacks. >> i don't think we're underestimating at all the capabilities of isil. it's growth over the last several years, it had its roots in al qaeda in iraq. it was pretty much decimated when u.s. forces were there in iraq. it had maybe 700 or so adhere rents left.

there is a real effort on the part of the united states and coalition countries to contain its spread inside of iraq and syria, and i think there has been a containment of that m moment momentum. it was rolling along in iraq and other areas. it has not had that type of momentum inside of those two countries, which is why i think they are looking abroad now to have the spectacular attacks because what they want to do is to further their narrative about the caliphate, which is growing and is successful. one of the most important things for us to do is to take away any type of momentum and success in the area as well as beyond. there have been a number of successes that have been prevented isil from moving people, moving material and other things, to carry out attacks, but unfortunately this attack several days ago in paris just shows what devastating impact it can have because their agenda is to kill, pure and simple. i refer to them as murderous

sociopaths. they have this nihilistic approach. they're just trying to kill as many people, young children, whatever, it doesn't matter to them. it is a warped. it is a mentality. and that's why we have to do everything we can as urgently as we can to contain their growth inside of the middle east but also beyond. >> peter humphrey, analyst and former diplomat. burn a jordanian pilot. you get jordanian airplanes over the islamic state. you attack paris, you get airplanes in the sky. as one that may be privy to the internal dialogue of the calapit, can you share the logic of pissing off another country and is there any chance they'll start playing games with is cliz -- which is guaranteed to cause

bombings. >> i don't understand first part of your question. i think it is incumbent on the government that's have been affected by the isil terrorism to be able to respond and try to prevent follow on attacks. there have been efforts on the part of coalition partners as well as united states to make sure you go to the source of the terrorism. because we know that in syria and raqqah where they have the base for the activities, what we need to do is address isil's external agenda, not just able to put operatives in other countries but also at the source of it. and israel is in a very challenging and dangerous neighborhood. it is something that, you know, we are looking at closely in terms of what did the impact of isil not just on sear yashgs iraq, jordan, lebanon, israel and those areas. again this is something we have

to deal with in the coming years and months, i fear. >> isil has been infiltrated from many intel services from all over the world since it's an overt organization rather than al qaeda r. al qaeda which is covert. this is the work together given the classification. we think it's time to view the way thib tell jens work together and secondly, do you use the terms sociopath. do you think that we'll take away the rational mode of operations because they seem to know what they're doing. an quite efficient in their work. that is behind us.

>> as far as intelligence agencies work together, this is challenging because there are multiple agencies and organizations and individual countries, each with their own authorities, each operating under certain types of legal parameters. and then what you need to be able to do is be able to interoperate as effectively as possible. i always use the term about the importance of systems engineering. we here in the united states, we have many departments and agencies as well as state and local, city organizations, police departments and others trying to create that architecture where you can move information and data at the speed of light, taking into account the different types of limitations, requirements, responsibilities and authorities is really quite a challenge. i think we've done a great job in the united states over the last 10, 15 years. i still think we have a ways to go. extending that architecture internationally, when you have so many different organizations around the world, we're still

working through that. and i do believe that is something that we're going to make further progress on. technology is there. but making sure that we're able to handle information while at the same time respecting privacy rights, civil liberties, i think this is one of the challenges in terms of how do you balance all of that? it doesn't mean they're rational, it means they're opposed to civil society, law and order and resist the recognized authorities and system of governance that we have so i think that the isil adherence are misguided. unfortunately, the narrative that comes out of isil in syria and iraq, they're making great use of youtube and social media as a way to tract people.

under the false banner of religi religion. that's what it is, it's a false banner. >> okay. my question is how did you hear about. [ inaudible ] especially in sanctions [ inaudible ] >> my conversations with my russian counterpart which had taken place a number of times over the last year and including over the last several weeks after russian military forces found a way to syria. and these talks focus on what it is that we can do together to try to prevent the flow of individuals into and out of that group of operations. there are 2,000 russian nationals that came down from the caucuses into the syria-iraq

area. there are a number of individuals, senior officials within isil. it's a very real concern to the russians. what we need to be able to do is help russia prevent the flow of terrorists inside of their territory that are maybe destined to carry out attacks. so we've been exchanging kmfg information. i think it needs to be enhanced. i'm going to continue to work with my russian counterparts because of the importance we can bring to the issue in terms of insights, information and data and sharing it. we work closely with the russians in the olympics. i think they greatly valued the support we provided and the information we provided. i want to continue to do that irrespectivest agreement and the policy over syria. i can continue to work with other countries services to prevent successful terrorist attacks.

>> thank you. >> what's your recommendation on the borders and would you now say let's implement stricter external border controls and shut down at schengen system for a while? >> we don't want to have the terrorists succeed in taking away the freedoms and lib thaerts we pride ourselves on. whether it be here in the united states or in europe. and i know that there is a rush by some to say that borders should be closed. we should isolate ourselves. that is inconsistent with what our societies have been founded on. and so we need to do those, be minding iff mi mindful of the risk that's are flowing and taking the appropriate steps to understand who that might be. don't think what we want to do is seal our borders because, again that, is not something that is sustainable.

from a social cultural trade economic political standpoint. again, i think we have to take into account what has happened recently and how isil can take advantage of some of these flows and what can we do to be able to optimize our confidence that we're able to filter out those individuals that are trying to do us harm. >> given that these attacks happen sporadisporadically, sho public expect that this coordinate add tad attack is i e inevitable? >> i would never say that attacks are inevitable. we work tirelessly 24/7 around the clock aren't globe in order to prevent attacks from taking place. and our goal is to prevent every

single one of them from taking place. i don't have a sense of inestability. if there is a sense of inevitable iines inestability, i think it would undermine those working on. this i think other groups are going to try to carry out these attacks. that is inestability for as far as the sigh can see. it's not inevitable that they're going to succeed. >> i have to get out of here. i promise he would be able to leave here by five till. i want you to -- don't you feel reassured to have a man of this character and intellect leading our country. will you please thank him? >> necht, c-span's landmark cases continue live with the 1952 supreme court ruling that president truman did not have

the power to seize steel mill operations to prevebt a labor strike. then a discussion on issues important to millennials and the 2016 presidential campaign. later, our coverage of millennials continues as republicans holding a hearing on the role of young people and the economy. >> having business before the supreme court asked to give their attention "landmark cases," c-span's special history series produced in cooperation with the national institution center, xloring the human stories and constitutional dramas behind 12 historic supreme court decisions. >> number 759. earnest mile an hour a esest