>> and how old is your daughter now, janet? >> caller: my child is now was 13 but at the time it was going on it was 11 -- between 11, 12. >> thank you, back in the middle school range, tom snyder.an anay but before we get analysis from dr. randazzo, i want to look at this chart. about half of frequently bullied students never told an adult. >> and this is perhaps the areas of greatest concern about those students who were bullied, somea of the ones bullied everyday or once a week, they haven't told e an adult.. that's what we're getting to here and talk about the importance of notifying perhaps more than one person or at least one adult. mar likely school personnel as well as parents. >> and that's the second time a parent of a female middle schooler has called in. dr. randazzo? your response? >> ias think that can be part o it, too.

as many advances as we've seen schools make across the country and taking a better stance t the against bullying we still have individual administrators here and there who don't see it quite the same way and who often made the fault, well, it's two girls it can't be that bad. the truth is it can be very, very bad. especially for the girl who's tn feeling victimized.ca i want to say tote a the caller think her daughter has a wonderful advocate in her and the quality of her relationshipw will help her daughter be lifet resilient across a whole host of issues and challenges throughout her lifetime. and i'm sorry the response they appear to have got felt dismissive but i would encouragt her toin report to other peopler she's not getting a satisfied o asponse and sometimes or sch parents we have to be a little bit of a thorn in the side of administrators or school saying "i don't think you understand, this is more inh serious and i don't think at t bowlers,

the people who engage in chronic bowling who are often identified as the source of the problem, when we actually look at them statistically, they are often students who are clinically qualifyd, or who would for diagnoses with health along the mental health spectrum dealing with depression. not awhat we see is symptom, with the right of evaluating mental heal as bullying behavior is a symptom that with the right evaluator, with the right mental health care can be addressed well and provides wonderful relief for the person who had been engaging in bullying behavior as well as people they victimized. so when we see student are bullying, instead of saying "well, they said your child was the person. this person said the other i student was the problem."tiple e let's look at what's behind the

behavior when we hear multiple y reports and say what can we do helped a dress this student's behavior beyond discipline.he i it maynfor be that they need moo care from a mental health perspective. >> tom snyder, this information we're looking at, is it available online?es. >> it's available at nces.ed. v nces.ed.gov. >> roy is in cambridge, massachusetts. roy, you're on the "washington . journal." we're talking aboutll theer: statistics around school violence, et cetera, please go ahead. >> caller: i have two comments and a question one is regardingf ms. randazzo's emphasis on school resource officers. there was an incident recently in ohio where the gentleman was. fired because he was allegedly too violent with a student who was confrontational with him. so he was trained in that area but he still had a problem. on the other hand in general,

bull league is a problem, in pub granted but i think it's being a emphasized too much in public q schools and they're forgetting what their primary mission is, namely educating students and my question has to do with resolving these problems with students that get violence in school or school violence in ah general. in 1965 senator patrick moynihan did a study on families and found that families that don't have a father present, the judge men grow up with a more likelihood of being violent. now currently one of the expertr in the area says the same thing that patrick moynihan found.n tg so do you ever consider that fact finding and that report in trying to resolve this problem? >> thank you, roy. >> one thing i want to point out and appreciate the caller's perspective on this. one thing i want to point out is that when we talk about school violence, it's not all just they domain of boys. we see girls increasingly

engaging in violent behavior. not just cyber harassment and bullying but violent behavior an well. when we look at a particular case of a student who is threatening to engage in violence or has been violent, we look at every aspect of it. so we look at, as the caller war suggest, family dynamics. we look at sources of support or lack thereof.really we look at how well the student is doing? school, not just from an academic perspective but in terms of emotional adjustment as well and look to see where there's unmet needs and what wea can do to helped a dress the problem. what we see at the root of most violence are personal issues and problems the student is facing that they are choosing tose hane through violent means or don't see any other options. s so when you can start to work directly with that student and their support mechanism and connect them to better resourcey and more support for them and da their family as miwell, whether it's one parent family, two

parent family, blended family, stepparent involvement, whatever it may be you can help to bolster that poor support with q additional support from aue coat from a church or mosque or din dog, from something the student feels involved in. helping them get involved. so if there are gaps like the mn caller was suggesting you can help to fill in those pieces through other means. an >> when you g sawirl that vide the policeman taking that african-american girl out of her desk, what were your thoughts? >> my thought initially was that first of all we didn't see the whole context so it's hard to pass judgment on a situation we are only seeing a piece of.ody i but when situations like that get to that point of violence and confrontation in school nobody wins.f what t because it feels disruptive even if what the school resource officer did was appropriate or not. it creates such a disruptive any scary feeling for that classroom and that school generally.

my comments about school resource officer, taking that to incident out of the equation, is that on balance they are a mattr beneficial asset w to schools b it does matter who is selected for that position and like any employee in any position we see the vast majority of employees function well and according to policy and protocol but ever so often we have people that do things that are inappropriate, counter to policy, break laws and we have to discipline them according accordingly. i feel badly that that school had that experience and that things got to that level of confrontation because it has a ripple effect on the school. re >> tom snyder from the nces report, this is one of your d mortar dramatic charts. what are we seeing? we are >> we're seeing a decline overall in school crime both er. away from school and at school and this is part of a historical pattern. we've had less progress in the most recent years but if we lood at a long period of time we can

see school crime has decreased? >> what do you acontribute this chart to, this fall?that? or don't you?host >> it's difficult to establish a cause and effect relationship. >> dr. randazzo, do you have a cause and effect relationship? >> i have speculation.t data appreciate tom's perspective because i think it's appropriate when we look at data. we never know exactly unless i we've done a controlled study what the cause and effect is here. but i think what we've seen ove the past decades, 15 years, is s greater awareness and attention to the issues of what's going on in our schools beyond the missi educational mission.that. there's been policy debate around the educational mission l but at the same time recognizinp schools are small communities for students that affect the es. of life for the students and the employees alike. unfortunately it's taken the ta mass tragedies of school

shootings to raise that awareness but because we're there now schools generally are taking a more active and proactive approach to looking at their climate, at their school security procedures and how they interact with their students and treat their employees and i believe it's because of those collective efforts that we are w seeing a decline. d >> walter iswith calling in frow orleans. hi, walter, go ahead with your n question or comment. >> caller: first of all, thank t you for is accepting my call th mo morning. poi point i'd like to bring is up that i know a few people in the teaching profession and i think the climate in the classroom really dictates as to what they can do.gree. to me they seem like they're bullied to a certain degree. there's certain areas that they won't go in or they won't challenge if it's not severe

because they're intimidated by h the people in the class. >> so you're saying the teachers are intimidated or bullies? >> yes, yes. i truly believe -- i know i've spoken to a couple of teachers o who felt thatr certain steps '' the class are -- if somebody is not disrupting the class but aut they're not with the class they won't challenge them because they feel bullied to a certain degree. >> tom snyder, do you include those types get s of statistics your report? >> we do, we have reports from teachers on whether they've been threatened, for example, and something like one out of ten teachers report being threatened so this is a very real problem. >> and is this included in this: report that we're reviewing today? >> right, right. >> now one thing we haven't iss. talked about is the college campus issue and reported

college campus crimes decreased between 2001 and 2013. >> that's right. an overall decline after about 2005 or 2006, this is the number of crimes per 10,000 students, this is one way we measure the s campus-reported crimes that controls for the size of the student population and we've seen this has decreased over time and that's due to the drop in burglaries atutio the institutions. this is one of the most commonly reported crimes and this would be thefts of the computer from a dorm room or something like that. it doesn't involve a physical ce confrontation but something that's been taken away. however we have seen increase in reported sex offenses so that you can see on the bottom line l that has increased over time. e it's a little bit difficult for us to tell to what extent this p is an leincrease c in actual incidents or more people coming forward reporting the incidents havelot mo occurred. at least anecdotally we know

there's more people coming ds to cases. and reporting the >> marisa randazzo, you have 30 seconds to give us your assessment of what we talked about today. >> >> i want to play on what tos just said. i think the increase we're seeing in forcible sexual assaults is in part at least an increase in awareness and reporting. we've seen so much with title ix, with the amendments to the n violence against women act and h thee clery act that are requirg colleges to taken a active rolea in promoting way a victim can report a forcible sexual assault as well as other crimes. >> we're out of time. marisa randazzo, time snyder, thanks for being on the washington journal this morning. c-span's 2016 bus is in alabama this week. it's parked in montgomery next to a replica of the 1955 bus where rosa parks refused to give up her seat. and students from several local

schools toured the bus during events for the 60th anniversary of the montgomery bus boycott. follow our bus as it travels around the country on twitter and instagram bus. >> here's a look at the christmas tree lighting ceremony. this includes remarks from president obama. hello everyone and good evening and welcome to president's park here in washington, d.c. for the 93rd annual national christmas tree lighting. [ cheers and applause ] it's pretty exciting. we are in this historic national park just across from the white house on a wonderful winter night in our nation's capital. millions of americans will be

celebrating this season with their own holiday traditions but tonight we're glad you've joined us here for a terrific night of music and more. and speaking of music, let's hear it for the united states coast guard band. aren't they amazing? [ cheers and applause ] . i'd also like to add a special welcome and word of thanks to all the men and women in uniform serving around the world and for being here this evening. [ cheers and applause ] now it's my great honor to welcome the first family of the united states. [ cheers and applause ] mr. president, mrs. obama, mrs. robinson, sash that sha and maly holidays! [ cheers and applause ] [ band playing "o, christmas tree ] hello, everybody!

[ cheers and applause ] happy holidays! you know my crew, malia, sasha, michelle, grandma. [ cheers and applause ] happy holidays to reese and everyone here tonight and everyone watching at home. now, let's begin the process of lighting the tree. [ cheers and applause ] we have a countdown going on, we're going to start at 5, here we go. five, four, three, two, one. [ cheers and applause ] >> merry christmas, everybody! [ band playing "joy to the world" ] ♪ ♪

>> i am joined by a very good friend of mine and a very special guest. she is a show business legend in her own right, the one and only miss piggy, everybody. [ cheers and applause ] >> thank you, yes! >> hi, piggy, how are you? >> i'm fabulous, reese. but i am a little worried that this cold weather might be too much for a hollywood girl like you. >> well, it is a little brisk. >> well, i thought i'd do you a favor and host the rest of the show. [ laughter ] >> well, i mean, i don't really think that's necessary, miss peggy. >> come on, sister, you've g

gotten a academy award, give me something here. >> we'll talk about this later. >> you bet you will. >> right now it's a very special time. it's time for a christmas story. >> oh, really? really? what? >> there's a tradition on this stage to read "'twas the night before christmas." >> what fun! >> and we are honored to be joined by the first lady of the united states, michelle obama. [ cheers and applause ] >> thank you so much. >> how are you? well hello, there. >> hello! hello michelle. >> hi, miss piggy, how are you? >> you look fabulous. >> you look amazing. >> almost as fabulous as me. i was going to say that. and you know what? it's all thanks to your let's move campaign i've been working out. eating healthy. >> that's good. well i'm very proud of you miss

piggy. >> but you are gonna have cake later at this event, right? >> we'll just skip that. now we're going to read a story, are you guys ready for that? >> yes. >> are you ready, miss piggy? >> i am, yes. >> we're going to read "'twas the night before christmas." are you ready? >> let's start. >> "'twas the night before christmas, when all through the house, not a creature was stirring, not even a mouse. the chimney with care in hopes that st. nicholas soon would be there. >> the children were nestled all snug in their beds while visions of sugar plums danced in their heads. and mama in her kerr chief and i in my cap had just settled down for a long winter's nap. >> when out on the lawn there arose such a clatter, i sprang

from my bed to see what was the matter. >> away to the window i flew like a flash, tore open the shutters and flew open the sash. the moon on the breast of the new fallen snow gave a luster of objects below. >> when what to my wondering eyes should appear but a miniature sleigh and eight tiny reindeer. >> with a little old driver so lively and quick, i knew in a moment it must be st. nick. >> more rapid than eagles his coursers they came and he whistled and shouted and called them by name: now dasher, now dancer, now francer and vixen, on come mit, on cupid, on donne and blitzen. >> excellent reading, miss piggy. >> thank you. >> from the top of the porch to the top of the wall, now dash

away, dash away, dash away all. as dry leaves before the wild hurricane fly when they meet with an obstacle mount to the sky. >> you're not bad, either. >> thank you. [ laughter ] >> so up to the house top the coursers they flew with the sleigh full of toys and st. nicholas, too. >> and then in a twinkling i heard on the roof the prancing and pawing of each little hoof. as i drew in my head and was turning around, down the chimney st. nicholas came with a bound. >> he was dressed all in fur are from his head to his foot and his clothes were all tarnished with ashes and soot. >> a bundle of toys he had flung on his back and he looked like a peddler just opening his pack. his eyes, how they twinkled. his dimples how merry. his cheeks were like roses, his nose like a cherry. >> his droll little mouth was

drawn up like a bow and the beard on his chin was as white as the snow. >> the stump of a pipe he held tight in his teeth and the smoke it encircled his head like a wreath. >> he had a broad face and a little round belly, that shook when he laughed like a bowlful of jelly. he was chubby and plump, a right jolly old elf and i laughed when i saw him in spite of myself. >> a wink of his eye and a twist of his head soon gave me to know i had nothing to dread. >> he spoke not a word but went straight to his work and filled all the stockings then turned with a jerk. and laying his finger aside of his nose and giving a nod, up the chimney he rose. he sprang to his sleigh, to his team gave a whistle, and away they all flew like the down of a this is. >> but i heard him exclaim as he drove out of sight: merry

christmas to all and to all a good night. [ cheers and applause ] >> high five, miss piggy. low five. way to go. >> please welcome the director of the national park service, jonathan jarvis. [ cheers and applause ] >> thank you all for joining us for one of the events that make the holidays sparkle. the annual lighting of the national christmas try is a holiday tradition and it helps kick off the celebration of the national park service's 100th anniversary coming in 2016. here at president's park and other national parks across the country we are inviting everyone to come find your park. if the national park visits are a regular tradition for your family or if you have never visited a national park we want all americans to discover a new

national park experience. tonight it's my great honor to introduce to you someone very special to us in the national park service. betty soskin is 94 years old and the oldest park ranger. [ cheers and applause ] she works at rosie the riveter world war ii home front national historical park in richmond, california. she was part of the war effort in richmond, and while she doesn't think of herself as a rosie, her story is an important piece of history that was written in richmond during the 1940s. it was my pleasure to introduce a woman whose experience and dedication to sharing a more complete american story is inspired so many, including me. please welcome betty soskin. [ cheers and applause ]

>> thank you. i was last in washington on january 20, of 2009 for the presidential inauguration. in my breast pocket was a picture of my great grandmother, leontine ellen, a woman born into slavery in 1846 in st. james parish, louisiana. it is fitting that i return to washington tonight with my granddaughters in an area known as the ellipse because this is a full circle moment. one of the greatest joys of my job is the opportunity to share my life experiences to the parks education and community outreach programs. i cannot wait to get back and tell everyone about this most

special one in this season of open and promise, reflection and celebration it is my honor to present to you the president of the united states. barack obama. [ cheers and applause ] . >> merry christmas, everybody! [ cheers and applause ] thank you, betty, far introduction, for your extraordinary service as one of our park rangers and for all of your and your great grandmother's contributions to this country.

please give betty a big round of applause. [ cheers and applause ] i want tips from betty on how i can look that good at 94. i also want to thank betty's boss jonathan jarvis and for everybody from the national park service and the national park foundation for everything that they do to protect and care for america's great outdoors. and for helping us find our park this year and every year and thank you, reese witherspoon. [ cheers and applause ] and each of tonight's outstanding performers. now this is, of course, the most wonderful time of the year, but we would be remiss not to take a moment to remember our fellow americans whose hearts are heavy

tonight. who grieve for loved ones, especially in san bernardino, california. their loss is our loss, too. for we're all one american family. we look out for each other. in good times and in bad and they should know that all of them care about them this holiday season. they're in our thoughts, they're in our prayers and we send them our love. now, this is the 93rd time americans have gathered by the white house to light the national christmas tree. as always, this tree is not alone. all across america in living rooms and offices, churches and town squares families and neighbors are gathering to decorate trees of their own and

get into the holiday spirit. it's a chance to come together and to focus on what really matters, the simple gifts of family and friends. the wonder and hope in a child's eye and, of course, the spirit of giving and compassion that can help all of us find new meaning in the world around us: that's the message of the child whose birth families like mine celebrate on christmas a prince born in a stable who taught us that we should love our neighbors as ourselves and that we are our brother's keeper and our sister's keepers. that we should feed the hungry, visit the stick, welcome the stranger. these are the lessons of jesus christ, they're also the bedrock values of all faiths.

values to be cherished and embraced not only during the holidays but to be practiced in our daily lives. so during this holiday season, let's come together as brothers and sisters around the humanity that we share. let's reach out to those who can use a hand. let's summon the spirit of togetherness that's always helped to kindle america's shining example to the world and let's keep in our prayers those americans who protect that idea. especially those stationed far from home during the holidays. our men and women in uniform and their families sacrificed so much for us. and it's because of them that we can celebrate freely, that we can worship as we please, that we can come together on a night like this strong and united and free. so on behalf of michelle and

malia and sasha and grandma and bo and sunny, happy holidays to all of you. may god bless you all and may god bless the united states of america. thank you very much. [ cheers and applause ] on the next washington journal, former nsa general council stewart baker inand nee guliani discuss how to gather information in terrorism-related cases. then physician dennis cardone of new york university talks about sports-related concussions and what's being done to protect athletes in schools and in the pros. and after that, supreme court reporter david savage previews upcoming cases before the high court, including ones on redistricting and affirmative action. plus your phone facebook

comments and tweets. washington journal, live at 7:00 a.m. eastern on c-span. on news makers, virginia congressman bob goodlatte comments on gun violence and immigration and sentencing reform legislation. news makers sunday at 10:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. eastern on c-span. up next, a hearing on implementing president obama's ill gracious po immigration policies and a panel of immigration analysts. this committee hearing is two hours 45 minutes.