of presidential races. the 1990 six news conference by republican pat buchanan in columbia, south carolina. the night before he won a never victory overarrow gop front-runner bob dole. he hopes to continue his campaign's momentum in south carolina with the endorsement of eagle forum founder and president phyllis schlafly. but 10 days later mr. dole won a , decisive victory in south carolina and then won every primary except one on the road to the republican or presidential nomination. bob dole lost to bill clinton, the incumbent. this event is about a half an hour. ms. schlafly: good morning, everyone. i am phyllis schlafly, president of eagle forum, and from the national pro-life organization.

i am very happy to be here today to endorse the candidacy of pat buchanan. [applause] as you know, i had to get on the plane even before i knew the spectacular results in new hampshire. i am happy to be here, and i think that pat is the authentic pro-life candidate now. he is the one candidate who can win who we know respect the fundamental right to life of the unborn baby. [applause] what the pro-life movement wants today is a president that will be to pro-life what bill clinton has been to pro-abortion, and we know that pat will be that man because we are sure he will rescind clinton's five pro-abortion executive orders. he will sign pro-life legislation passed by the congress. he will appoint judges who understand why roe versus wade was wrongly decided. we are tired of those who equivocate about this issue,

talk about pro-life, but won't do anything about it. >> go, pat, go! go, pat, go! ms. schlafly: we know when pat buchanan goes up in debate against bill clinton -- [applause] ms. schlafly: he will, he will do it. he is the one man who can do it because he speaks with conviction and from the heart on this issue. it is not just the pro-life issue, but all of the other issues where he offers us a real choice and not in a go of bill clinton. you take any of the other issues, the other candidates are hopelessly compromised on all the other major issues of the day. i was appalled to read yesterday's "new york times"

that the once leading candidate said he did not realize that jobs were the big issue in this campaign. jobs are the issue. pat buchanan offers us a real alternative. you take all of the important issues, whether it is jobs, tax increases, gas nafta, the , mexican bailout, foreign aid, the appointment of judges, term limits, you take them all -- pat buchanan offers us a real difference from bill clinton, whereas the other candidates are just trying to make a deal with him or they are standing cheek to jowl with bill clinton. pat buchanan offers us a real alternative. i hope that all of those who once supported phil gramm will come over and join the buchanan campaign. pat is the man, he is the one who can win with your help. [applause]

>> ladies and gentlemen, the next president of the united states, pat buchanan. [applause] >> go, pat, go! go, pat, go! go, pat, go! go, pat, go! mr. buchanan: i gather the ones not applauding are the press. [laughter] mr. buchanan: so, we will have a press conference now. we will have a press conference and this will be for the press questions, but before we begin taking the questions, let me say i am honored and privileged to have the public endorsement of the first lady of the conservative movement phyllis schlafly. [applause] >> vice president. [laughter]

mr. buchanan: phyllis is the one who individually more than any other stopped, more than any other, the feminist supported equal rights amendment. she alone mounted that initial others,hen joined by and it was one of the great achievements of our movement and our cause. let me say in addition -- and we will move to the press questions and i apologize for being late. some of our press friends, i think, were sleeping at the park because of our advance work, and i apologize for that. i do want to say this. what we've got up here is a sign -- economics conservatives and social conservatives are coming together. the phil gramm folks are moving to pat buchanan. we have brought in almost the entire gramm organization in minnesota, in maine, significant

slices of the leadership from the message in massachusetts has moved our way. of the eight delegates that phil gramm captured in louisiana, three have declared for us. they have come up to new hampshire and declared for us. i think this campaign is bringing together the social and economic conservatives. let me talk about the great battle coming in south carolina about 10 days from now. i think we have a fighting chance to win south carolina for several reasons. we are with south carolina on all of the great issues of the south carolina republican party. the issue of right to life, there is no stronger right to life candidate running in the campaign, pat buchanan and indeed, i am the

, only right to life candidate who is committed to keeping the right to life like in the platform, to keeping a pro-life running mate, to appointing justices that will overturn roe v wade. neither senator dole nor lamar alexander have made such commitments. that is why it is imperative that the right to late movement unite now. united we win, divided, we cannot. it is time for them to unite. the same is true of economic conservatives and those of us theare concerned about surrenders of the american national sovereignty and the loss of jobs when those are being exported abroad. no industry in america has suffered more from the beltway betrayals in these trade deals than the textile industries upon which south carolina and has depended. i just read yesterday and i do not have the material with me -- that another textile mill has

been shut down here and 65% of the employees were minority americans. their jobs are being sent to mexico. these are some of the voiceless men and women in this country who have no one to represent them in washington because the hierarchy of both parties -- really argues on behalf of these trade deals that are done for the benefit of corporations that want to shut factories in america and move them overseas. how long does it take? as phyllis mention, bob dole got up on monday and was quoted in "the new york times," i believe it was tuesday or monday and said, listen, we did not expect this to be an issue. we did not plan for it. this issue of jobs and economic insecurity, that was not our game plan. as i said on cnn a minute ago, they had that movie, "sleepless in seattle," they can call this establishment in washington of both parties "clueless in

ashington." [laughter] [applause] mr. buchanan: seriously, i have traveled this country for one year. i have been home one night in the last two months. i have gone to one plant after the other, the textile plant in rain, all over america we have gone where the plants are closed. you look into the face of the women and men who have lost their jobs. they are bewildered. they do not understand why the american dream is slipping away from them when what they did was right. they worked hard. they raise their families. and all of a sudden they were dropped off and they will never again have as good a job as the one they had that has been exported overseas. and in both parties in washington, d.c. at the hierarchy level, they don't understand this. either that, or they don't care about it.

and the reason we are doing well, i do care about these folks. i do represent these folks. i am going to speak for those folks. i will be the lobbyist in the white house for the people who cannot afford to put a lobbyist on k street. that is who we are going to represent. [applause] and what is their answer? i've got answers. we have a program to make america the enterprise zone of the western world. it marries the tax policy of ronald reagan with the terrapin -- tariffs and trade policies of the founding fathers. it is free trade to fair traders like canada, england, europe, australia, and it gets tough with people who are tough with us. if the chinese communist government imposes a 30% tariff on us steals our intellectual

, property, fires missiles at our friends, what is wrong with a president sitting down and saying, listen, i want a free and fair trade deal for my country? everybody is like, oh, pat, you can't do that. they will punish us. if these guys were running the situation in the cold war when ronald reagan and i were in the white house, we would all be speaking russian now. [laughter] mr. buchanan: have a very sophisticated, complex plan. they are not going to beat us by calling his names. they will not beat us by running attack ads. those are substitutes for ideas. a slew of attack ads cannot substitute for a vision for america, or an agenda for our future. with that introduction i would , be happy to take your questions and i think we ought to restrict to the questions to the members of the press who have come here for what we bi lled as a press conference. so we will be happy to take your

questions. yes, sir? >> [indiscernible] ms. schlafly: i wasn't announced, but i have let it privately be known that i think he would be the best candidate, and i urge all of those who are phil gramm supporters to come and join pat buchanan. [applause] mr. buchanan: yes, sir? you and then you. go ahead, sir. >> you described senator dole as an archer daniels republican. what would you say to being called a roger milliken republican? mr. buchanan: let me say about roger milliken -- he is a friend of mine and he supported our campaign, and he held a small fundraiser for me where he collected about one third of what phil gramm did at his biggest to dinner. when the plant was burned down

in georgia he flew in there and they thought it was going to move to mexico. he told the workers in his plant, we are not moving to mexico. we will rebuild this plant right here in this town in georgia -- i will get the name of it in a second -- and they rebuilt plant and every worker he had in those textile mills was immediately given the first opening in any jobs he had, and a couple dozen even were sent to london or to england to work in his mills over there because roger , milliken believes and working -- looking out for his workers and considers the members of the family and that's what a good boss, a good employee or does. like that fellow up there in massachusetts, mr. fierstein did when his steel mill had problems. this is the type of capitalist leader, free enterprise leader i respect. my argument is not with folks who do well, who make a lot of money, who are very wealthy. my argument is with the idea that you do not consider workers as family, you consider them like interchangeable parts, and

you dump them out like at&t did. at the end of the year, let's lop off 40,000. my argument is not with capitalism and free enterprise. it is with corporate butchers and corporations who no longer feel any sense of loyalty to their employees, any sense of loyalty to their country who , worship only the bottom line on the balance sheet. it's these folks i have a disagreement with. yes, sir? i asked one other fellow. oh, i'm sorry. yes. >> i have two questions. what message does last night's victory sent to the establishment in washington? after running part two and running what you call a shoestring campaign as the , campaign season becomes more diffuse -- as the primary season becomes more diffuse, how do you expect to compete with candidates who have much more resources at their disposal who

, are better organized, and have better organizational the ground? mr. buchanan: hmm. um -- [laughter] mr. buchanan: they are coming at me. let me say this. the message that was sent last night was, i think, listen -- hold on, my friend. just let the press asked questions, seriously. i think the message that comes out is basically this. the people of this country want to hear the issues discussed, and the economic issue at the core of this campaign is gnawing at the soul of america, this issue of good paying jobs being sent overseas by corporations which then build factories over there, export their products to the u.s., and kill other jobs. it is the economic insecurity of the american middle class. people want this addressed. they want their concerns expressed. they want ideas for how to get the standard of living of americans rising again.

how to get real wages going up again. they have been going down. we know that they are doing well, but these fellas, their wages are going down. they want someone with ideas and an agenda to deal with it. i have presented more ideas than anyone else. most of the others, what are they doing? they call me names. that is all they do. they call me names. they run an attack ad, and they say pat buchanan will give out nuclear weapons like lifesavers. it shows the hollowness at the core of the washington establishment. senator dole's comment, you know, this is not what we planned to have a peer. -- up here. they are talking about jobs. it was not in our game plan. it shows how out of touch washington is. how out of touch with america. some of these guys -- excuse me -- i belong to a wonderful party, the republican party. i have been part of it for 30 years, since the goldwater days. there are wonderful people there.

but at the top levels, they are so out of touch, the state department is going to have to organize orientation trips for these fellows to go out into the country and meet americans. they are out of touch. [applause] buchanan: now let me talk to these matters of organization and money. now, it is an exaggeration to say we are very, very weak in that department. people forget, in the third and fourth quarter, each of those quarters in january and february, i raised more money than any other candidate except senator dole. i got more matching funds than any other candidate, i believe, except for senator dole. we got much more than lamar alexander. last week, $500,000 in small contribution landed in our mclean headquarters.

iowa, after new hampshire where the impact is going to be exponentially greater. we expect more and more money to come in. next, in terms of organization, how can they say we are not organized? we beat them all in alaska. forbes spent how much, $400,000 to our $60,000? bob dole is a great organization man. we beat him 2-1. phil gramm is a great organization man. we beat him 4-1. our organization went out there and beat him. pat closed a 50-point gap with senator dole to three points when he outspent us five to one. what we have demonstrated is -- not only is it true money cannot buy you love, as the beatles taught us, but money is no substitute for ideas, ideals, passion, and conviction.

none. none. [applause] mr. buchanan: but you know, i said it long ago. i said you can't buy iowa. , you can't buy new hampshire. and you can't buy america. and that's true. and you can't buy south carolina. but what i'm also saying is -- where's lamar? i've got three gold medals and a silver. lamar has two little bronze medals and he is up there at -- attacking me today. where is he going to get his money? >> will you follow up on that over here? mr. buchanan: yes, sir. >> [indiscernible] mr. buchanan: you know, no, because i think the worst maneuver you can make in the middle of the battle is to traverse the front line. the establishment runs over to bob dole from lamar alexander it will be cut to pieces.

it will be perceived as the politics of expediency and folks who desperately want to hold onto power and privilege and stand for nothing. you know? and this is why i think -- with due respect i admired a lot of , what phil gramm did in the congress. but phil gramm spent one year saying pat buchanan is a great guy and a good conservative, but he can't win, so you rally behind me. bob dole is our problem. we have got to get rid of dole. as soon as phil gramm got beat, he ran over here to bob dole and said, bob dole is a great guy and pat buchanan is the problem. you do this enough, you tend to learn a certain amount of it , starts to look like the washington game all over again. let me say this as a political prediction. i think the establishment might prefer lamar, but they will stand behind senator dole because they have all endorsed him. why are they going to run away

from him when he came in first in iowa and second in new hampshire, and lamar came in third for both? >> are you the front runner, sir? mr. buchanan: no, i think senator dole has the resources and the polls -- the national polls he leads -- but i'm the only authentic conservative in the race and i am the challenger to bob dole for the republican nomination. [applause] >> you are more or less lockstep with the south carolina gop on most issues except -- why are so many gop meetings -- leaders this thing from this get together? mr. buchanan: the whole party establishment, i believe, came to the conclusion early on when bob dole was 50%, 55% and we were all scrapping in the single digits that bob dole was going to win this. they said, let's all get a board with the winner.

and they all got aboard. and the train is not moving. [laughter] mr. buchanan: meanwhile -- meanwhile, there is a dixie express coming through here. [laughter] [cheers and applause] >> go, pat, go! mr. buchanan: i think that's it. i'm sorry, sir. go ahead. >> [indiscernible] do you think you will be bringing aboard south carolina republican leaders or fighting south carolina republican leaders? mr. buchanan: i have said some very critical words about the republican establishment. i do believe it is out of touch. but there are many people in that organization, and many of them came to work with -- to washington with richard nixon. lamar alexander was in the white house for two of those years. i worked with those people and we were friends.

but i believe i have maintained in the years the conservative philosophy, convictions, and belief, and i have fought for them a long time. many of these folks have become accustomed to washington and they have become part of the very establishment that we once came to do battle with. it's part of the culture now, all of the big money and they are now lobbyists making a half million dollars a year, a million dollars a year, representing foreign governments and they are getting along with all of these fellas, and they no longer have the fire and energy and youth we all used to have. i do not dislike those fellas. they were friends of mine and i would say they are friends of mine now, but they are out of touch. all i am saying -- look. we talked about the pitchforks and everything. [laughter] mr. buchanan i am holding out : this possibility. look, if i win this nomination, i will sit down and talk with them. i will keep the door open to my campaign to anyone who does not

slam the door to us because our objective is not punitive. it is to broaden the base republican party. when i was very, very young, richard nixon and i put together over six years what we called the new majority coalition. it was the greatest coalition since the new deal. we got 49 states, 60% of the vote it was a phenomenal , victory. and we all know what happened. watergate. and i helped ronald reagan put together a 49 state victory. to do that, we have to bring in these working middle class folks that share our views and values, they are socially conservative, they believe the country is going downhill and what to be with us, but we have to address their economic concerns. i cannot believe it, they let me go after 20 years.

we have got to move out of here, find some way to put the kids in school. if you do not address their ideas and concerns, we do not deserve their support. i am addressing that and i tell my friends back in washington, stop calling me names. you all know me from way long ago, and address the concerns of these folks. keep your door opened and i will keep mine open. we are going to represent these people. [indiscernible] what is your relationship toward america's labor union? .r. buchanan: i am a member i am a member of two unions. i believe that unions have played a tremendous role in american history.

they played at enormously positive role when working people did not have a living wage. like a lot of corporate folks, they got out of touch in the 1970's, but let me say this. when the issue is whether wants to placet a new factory in china or keep its plant in the united states, and these aerospace workers are walking around striking, my heart is with the workers striking, not with the guys moving the plant. this is where i disagree with the washington establishment republicans. i believe in right to work laws. i have trouble with it. a were going to force me to join a union. i said, i am not paying for that new york strike. you guys are out of it. so they stamped not in good standing on my union card.

but i believe in supporting unions when they are right and they are right in the boeing case. >> workers union and textile workers union, they are merging to unite and have more strength. are you going to be involved with them at all? folkschanan: i welcome union, nonunion. on the main issue, keeping your jobs in the united states of america, keeping your pay going up again, providing the kind of economic security where you can raise your family and one little community your whole life if you want to, i am with you all the way. thank you very much. [applause]

>> during campaign 2016, c-span takes you on the road to the white house as we follow the candidates on c-span, c-span radio, and c-span.org. >> every weekend on american history tv on c-span3, feature programs that tell the american story. for thishe highlights weekend include this afternoon at 2:00 eastern, president woodrow wilson nominated louis brandeis to the u.s. supreme court. he became the first jewish justice to sit on the nation's highest court. brandeis university in massachusetts posted -- hosted a panel, including justice ruth bader ginsburg told.

freeman, who studies early american politics, and brian in thewho specializes 20th century, discuss the evolution of political parties. sunday morning at 10:00 on road to the white house rewind, from the 2000 campaign, a south carolina republican primary debate featuring texas governor george w. bush, john mccain, and outline keys. and larry the event king moderated. bush went on to secure the republican nomination. at 6:00, american artifacts looks at selections of objects left at the vietnam memorial wall. the collection includes about 400,000 items, all stored at the national park service museum resort center in maryland. for the weekend schedule, go to c-span.org.

between 1865 in 1872, the war department's bureau of refugees, freed men, and abandoned lands, or the free men's bureau, provided assistance. emmanuel dabney discusses the extensive archival records of the freedmen's bureau, and what they can tell us about the lives of former slaves. he describes how the bureau issued food and clothing, operated hospitals and temporary camps, helped locate lost family members, provided education, and legal services. this talk is hosted by the emerging civil war blog. our sequence of morning speakers it is my privilege to welcome back emmanuel dabney. he comes to us from south of the james. this i-95