more complete understanding of slavery. >> i am history buff. >> i love american history tv. >> i had no idea they did history. >> with american history tv, it gives you that perspective. >> i am a c-span fan. ♪ each week, american history tv brings you archival films to provide context for today's public affairs issues. "this is korea" documents hardship faced by u.s. forces on the korean peninsula.

directed by john ford, the 50 minute film was released six months after the war began when north korea invaded south korea in 1950. in the first major conflict of the cold war, korea was backed by china and the soviet union could -- and the soviet union. >> this is korea.

[explosions] [gunfire] ♪

>> and this is korea, a peaceful land once, with lakes and villages. and mountains, where the rice group. -- grew. men and women, and people lived for living, until the ruthless, red hand of communism reached out to snatch it. old people, kids, and more kids. >> sometimes, i think that is the last thing the navy will -- last thing any of us will ever forget. those kids, laughing, crying, homeless, hungry. until we fed them. korea, where it gets cold in the winter time, where young men and women marry.

♪ where the kids used to play. happily. ♪ and here comes your kids, and yours, and yours. dirty and tired, slogging back fback from the reservoir

fight, not retreating as they say, but advancing in a different direction. the first marine division. while the headman of the village walks past and wonders, the villagers still all wonder, and he wonders, too. poor kid. [marching] at christmas, in the year of grace 1950, last christmas.

♪ and gathered all the while where mortals sleep and angels keep their watch of wondering light o morning darkness gathers the flames of holy birth and praise his name to god our king and peace to men on earth ♪

>> christmas eve, and all of those kids on the ice. ♪ o come to us abide with us ♪ >> and joe blow on guard duty. merry christmas, joe. post office, mail stuff from home, flown in by the navy. that is welcome. cigarettes, candy, newspapers,

letters. did you remember? did you? some of the boys did not get back for christmas. they stayed where they fell. and these are the replacements, the new men to take their honored places, to fill the gaps. look at their faces. young faces, american faces. young faces, american faces. new york, georgia, idaho, texas, maine, california. your sons, the pride of the corp, and the will to do. thisline, the real feed

time, no k rations wolfed in a foxhole. the first hot meal, get that, the first hot meal in two months. steaks, that the navy flew in for christmas dinner. hot coffee. marine force headquarters, and the formation for decorations. for gallantry in action, the silver star. the general, himself, making the presentation.

and the marine guard of honor, marching past in a formal ceremony. ♪ it started the summer before at the landing, part of the eighth army under general walker. the marines move out. they look young. less tired. but do not kid yourself. they know what is ahead, a hard job. a tough job. very challenging. so, let us grabbed a bite, and get on.

tanks rumbling up to spearhead the action to come. [siren] the trains, loaded with supplies to the front. here is our 75 millimeter anti-tank gun. ammunition, the good old 35 caliber machine gun. meet general eddie craig, commanding the provisional brigade.

the operation zone. ammunition. dangerous work. you must remember that they are supposed to get a little bit before they go up. number one gun, fire! [mortar shells]

hard gravel roads. that is one of their's burning. the hills. you can light your cigarette on that gun barrel.

hill after hill, some their's, ome we made ours, the hard way. the bazooka, the 81 millimeter mortar, firepower and maneuvers. [gunshots] [explosions]

shells, duck! [gunshots] [explosions] where that guy is with the rifle, that is the front of the war. the 75 recoil-less rifle, a direct hit. [gunshots] [explosions]

ammo, up! the auto-rifle. [gunshots] [explosions] the navy air comes, marine air with rockets, with napalm to burn them out.

another hill in another village. and the marines move on up, carrying on their backs their homes. hills costs, and how they cost. and the boys, in spite of all of the gallant work. ♪ walking, when they still can, until they cannot walk. ♪

loading the ambulance teams. getting them back to the clearing station. for dressing. shock treatments. ♪ and hypos to kill the vicious pain. ♪

and life-giving transfusions. aren't you glad you gave that pint of blood last week? or did you? but you will, now. won't you? ♪ [helicopter turbines]

marked by helicopters on the front lines, while the fighting goes on below. ♪ clean sheets and food, in the best of medical care the navy can give them. ♪ and so, into seoul. lost once, but taken again. and still, the poor, hungry kids.

south korean recruits, raw. and under a few weeks training, not so raw. [marching] now, look at this. and look at it. and look at it. that is what the korean republic is fighting for. miles and miles and miles of homeless refugees, set adrift by the red scourge.

full family starving, fear-ridden, without hope, beyond the united nations. shots for smallpox and typhus. and they do not understand. but they will. it was a big problem for what to do with the orphan kids they picked up? they had to leave them somewhere, before they reached the fronts. so they asked them to take them.

little babe ruth dimaggio was confused, until he found friends and smiled, in trust. it will be alright, now. ♪ apparently, chewing gum for the kids, but you have to teach them how to eat it. poor, frightened little fellas. ♪ [laughter]

♪ then, we move out, once again. it is colder now. and how cold is gets in korea? brass monkey cold. and that is cold. wet, too. moving north, into war's desolation. hills, and more hills. rivers, and more rivers. ♪

rice paddies, and more rice paddies. [explosions] still going forward.

general puller, four-time winner. >> put some more fire down on those people. [explosions] narrator: and we keep on moving. [explosions]

napalm, again, hot as the living engine. the infantry moving. always moving out. a power plant on the reservoir. and another hill. always, another hill. [explosions]

the orange cloth on that guy's back is a marker to indicate for the airplane. [gunshots] 16mm mortar, like a 75 gun shell. [gunshots] grenades. [explosions]

phosphorus. and the flame-throwers. fry them out, burn them out, cook them out. find them dug in, 10-feet deep. colder still, sawtooth wind, 20 freezing degrees below. makes you wonder what you did with last month's pay. now the prisoners come in.

prime-looking lot, aren't they? we searched them. [wind howling] we smashed their weapons. we questioned them. this young kid says they killed his mother and father. that's all they know about the war. wise ones were tough, they claimed up, they would not sing. three on a match.

and then it happened. do you remember valley forge? .ook at it again snow, ice, wind. short.sions boxed in,

the carrier planes had to break thick ice. boys will be boys. they will keep clean.

can.arm, when they and share their chow with those poor korean kids, always. chow line, again. sorry, this is not a chow line. decisions had to be made in tokyo and an old soldier made them. pearl harbor.

admiral redford's headquarters. decisions are passed to the navy for action. to tokyo again. vice admiral turner joy. >> the situation in korea is so critical that we in the navy must give maximum practical support. i demand the director of the second fleet, the fleet marine airway, the commander of the 90 directedlockading, be to provide the maximum possible air fire support. >> meanwhile, the air force is alerted.

>> this order top and refueling at sea in the middle of a winter storm. think the admiral is praying for good weather. then, the weather broke. the mightysouri,

mo, comes in. vice admiral of the 7th fleet joins the battle. carriers stand by. the pilots are briefed. napalm, that is. the planes are launched with the marines in front.

the helicopter in the background is ditch patrol. then, somebody ditches. he gets him. nice work.

reservoir, wounds and frostbite take their toll. casualties go up.

then, the heartbreaking withdrawl order. burn everything and bug out. not before the payoff. not leaving the dead, either.

[gunfire] [explosion]

[gunfire]

back under the 38th paralell. back under our own guns. then we are out, under the thunder of the mighty mold.

long, they pounded the beach. faces gothow the tired, hill after hill. then we go back again. the long, weary shuttle begins once more. another enemy position to take. this is how we take it.

first the air burns in in close support. scorching the place with napalm. theartillery softens up survivors, if any.

then we move in on foot. we go in. chums. korea, this is korea. carrier planes in close support.

again.

it all about? you tell us. ask any of these guys what they're fighting for, and they can't put it into words. maybe it's just pride in the marine corps, a job to do, a duty. count, and dead men tell no tales.

thy kingdom come, thy will be done, but for little babe ruth dimaggio, it's his future, and ahead, and that goes double for our own sons lives and yours, for this is everybody's fight, that the doctrine of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness shall not perish from this earth. ♪ >> remember us. and remember us. luck.od

>> all weekend, american history tv is featuring anaheim, california. the c-span city tour recently visited many sites showcasing the city's history. learn more about anaheim all weekend on american history tv. >> when people need a little to feel in their lives, the optimism that fills the soul of this pupil country, i can assure them they will find it in orange county. [applause] is where allnty the republicans go to die, and for the most part, that remains true. >> it is the largest republican county in the united states. >> it has traditionally prided conservative,g a

urban area. state where virtually all the other urban areas are very liberal. >> it has changed today. it is not like it was 10 or even 20 years ago. we have about 3 million people, and the center part of the county is the most ethnically diverse. the southern part of the county is the most white and affluent. they are mostly older neighborhoods, more blue-collar. andtarting in the 20's

by the 20's and 30's, you had a pretty strong conservative movement. >> there is a strong conservative and evangelical religious base, the traditional hases coalition which now its main headquarters in washington dc. there are rights established for lgbt people, this got started in anaheim. there is a tradition of religious political activism. >> i think what people in orange county are -- the reason it is conservative is the general idea of limited government, the less

government is better, more freedom. the smaller the government, the larger the person. people are very concerned about their freedom. as far as property rights and doing what people want, that is it's towardnd so the conservative side. >> the conservative movement reached its peak during the reagan years, a demarcation point where it was at the most fever pitch and this orange curtain concept was at the highest. bob dornan, he was one of crazy, they were off the charts. hutzpah.rd is >> bob dornan was really concerned about anybody, he was really strong on military.

to build theive b-1 bomber. he was very strong on social issues, mostly in terms of attitudes on lgbt issues. >> 2000 wild, partying of themals, hundreds almost naked in our biggest, most people taxpayer owned and , directlyuditorium across the street from the actual star-spangled banner, the 30 by 40 foot flag that flew over fort mchenry up at oftimore, on the north wall the national museum of american history. directly across the street is jubilee.sexual unbelievable.

that was from the vietnam exodus. they are incredible, they are becoming political leaders. sanchez,t to loretta does that mirror what is going on in orange county? 1996,s a big landmark, the demographics are changing to be increasingly latino. you had a latino candidate that was very charismatic. the immigration issue was shifting, right there. proposition 187 was approved by voters in 1994. this came from orange county, and this is very important, because it attempted to take all social benefits, public benefits, away from people in the country without proper documentation, including excluding them from going to school. that was challenged in court as

unconstitutional. eventually, it was the key in turning people against republicans in greater numbers. >> i think the clinton presidency had something to do with it. when orange county became more culturally diverse, that made a difference. hispanic community is very burgeoning, active, and embraces a lot of the local history. i think it has helped become politically diverse. >> i always tell my republican pals you should get more republicans. i really do believe mexican immigrants and their children are naturally conservative, more

libertarian. they hate the government, they don't like taxes, they want to be left alone. they would naturally, i would say, go republican. republicanthey hear politicians going on and on about mixed's destroying the country, these people say, "screw the republican party, i am voting democrat despite you." even though democrats don't offer much to mexicans, they will vote democrat out of spite. >> everything is starting to go the democrats weigh in terms of voter registration, but they have not capitalized on elected office. something has got to change. republican policies are going to be more freely to these communities or democrats are going to start seeing more people elected. >> republicans, you look at the board of supervisors, they are all republicans. congresspeople, we only have one democrat.

that's not real progress. back token democrats. >> republicans have lost a 10 point in butter registration since 2000 but hold as many partisan seats now as they did then. this is a testament, in large part, to having a better network. they have a better network, system for bringing up more experience in getting people elected. that continues to prevail for the time being. >> orange county will always be conservative, there is too much money here to make it liberal. there are pockets, but you will never have the republican revolution and say, "newport and newport beach, it is never going to happen.

the democratic party, if they're going to grow, they are going to have to have visionary leadership. you're not going to see that for a couple of years. is going tounty continue to grow more and more diverse. becomeltimately going to more balanced than it was before. >> tour staffes recently traveled to anaheim, california. to learn about its rich history and to learn more about anaheim and other stops on our tour, visit c-span. or/city tour. you're watching american history tv all weekend, every weekend on c-span three. up next on american history tv, persian gulf veteran stephen wiehe recounts his participation in desert shield and desert "g-day: rendezvous w