♪ >> during campaign 2016 c-span takes you on the road to the white house, as we follow the candidates on c-span, c-span radio, and www.c-span.org. >> all weekend long, american history tv is joining our time

warner cable partners to showcase the history of an anaheim, california. we continue to look at the history of anaheim. [bell ringing] [cheering] >> i think it is hard to measure the economic growth of knott's berry farm and disneyland coming-of-age. disneyland squeezed a lot of growth into a few short years. the parks combined completely change the focus of tourism in orange county. more than $10 billion is generated on the back of parks like knott's and disneyland. ♪ [applause]

>> for all who come to this happy place, welcome. disneyland is your land. here we live found memories of the past and here, youth sees the promise of the future. >> no, anaheim did not start on july 15, 19 55 when disney opened. we had a live, vibrant community long before them. southern california was known as the valencia orange centric business. it was the center of the citrus business nationally. anaheim supported nine packing houses. these packing houses employed the community. they facilitated the growth of

anaheim, the growth of this industry. these were well loved. by the 1950's, most of them had closed down. a malady that we simply called quick decline or q.d. started to hit the southern california citrus industry in the 1940's, close to the start of world war ii. at the height of quick decline, we were losing 250,000 orange trees a month. this was devastating. other things were happening that really reset the dominance of citrus to other economies here in southern california. not only were we losing a key crop, but we had light industry moving into southern california,

anaheim, specifically. this was all prior to 1953. we had about a dozen significant industries prior to an animator from hollywood who came looking for a location to build a theme park. an animator from hollywood came looking for a location to build a theme park and we didn't even know what a theme park was thin. these ranchers, who were now may be third-generation, the loss of their land for development -- there was no water. it used to be you would drill a well and you could pump what you wanted. now that was managed by the orange county water district, so you paid a pump tax, and the value of the land was changed by how they taxed it. you were not taxed to the value of the agriculture. you were taxed by the value of

what it could be, what it could become. it was not a hard push to get them to give up their land that may have been held by the families for generations. i think some people coming into anaheim today might moan about the loss of citriculture. there was no moaning by the citrus industry owners in the 1950's. they were more than happy to sell their property for development. that indeed was the reality. >> disneyland is dedicated to the ideals and the hard facts that have created america with the hope that it will be a source of joy to behold world.

>> i open the fantasyland castle in the name of the children of the world. ♪ >> welt, first and foremost, was a father. he wanted to create a place that was safe and clean, a place he would like to have brought his own daughters too. and disneyland was a place that was great and innovative and have these fantastic ways of bringing stories to live for families of all ages. that is why he wanted to create disneyland. the reason he chose anaheim is

an interesting story. he originally wanted to build the park and burbank, near where we have our studios and create our films, but there was not enough land there. so, walt disney went to buzz price, who worked for the stanford research industry, and asked him to look at where in southern california they could build disneyland, and later he asked them to do the same work when they looked at a location for walt disney world. he found the anaheim had great locations not only for the freeways, but also a local airport. he pitched the idea to walt to come to anaheim. pretty soon we purchased 360 acres of orange and one that growth and that is where we build disneyland. when we build disneyland and it opened in 1955, there were about 14,500 people who lived in anaheim. today, it is california's 10th largest city.

we were really excited and grateful the city leaders chose walt's vision for the location of the park, because here we are, very, very proud to be part of the anaheim community. as the history books say, walt invited a small number of people to experience the park on the very first day and someone actually reprinted tickets, and 30,000 people showed up that first day. it was a really hot summer day and we had just finished the park, literally hours before. so, the streets were -- the tar was a little difficult for women who wore heels at that time to walk in. it was not the perfect opening to this place, but even with all of those circumstances, people knew this was someplace special.

[children screaming] >> i think you can build a pretty straight line from the development of knott's berry farm being more of an agricultural hotbed to tourism. what was unique about their growth, it embraced part of agriculture. being called knott's berry farm automatically gave it really great deep roots to its community. they were not shunning the past. walter knott and his wife

cordelia had a farm. it was working. they grew all sorts of things. in the 1920's, walter knott, who was a berry aficionado, heard about this berry created by this guy that was a hybrid and was a new, unnamed berry. walter heard about this, brought them to the farm, and in the 1930's, he began cultivating and brought a species back to life. from there, his wife cordelia started making pies and preserves from this new berry, which walter named boysenberry, in honor of the man who created the hybrid. people came here to eat mrs. knott's wonderful food. people would come in such droves. walt had this idea, we've got to

entertain these people. there was the curiosity, just to occupy people waiting for food. and eventually, that grew into a thing park of sorts, but was almost accidental growth. they did not plan on that kind of park, but it happened just as a means of satisfying people who came here to eat. when orange county began getting developed in earnest -- this was the 1950's when we had a lot of technology companies moving down here, aerospace companies and things, all of a sudden, knott's and disneyland had an incredible uptick in visitors because it was easier to get here. you have the development of freeways and automobile culture definitely helped the parks. now the people or not coming here, but it was easier.

all of a sudden from los angeles, you would be here in 40 minutes. it was not all side streets and back roads. >> from the start, the city of anaheim has been a tremendous supporter of having disneyland in the city. it started off, there was only 14,500 people when the park opened. the economic boost that had having tourism come to anaheim enabled the city to do a lot of different things. so, we are very fortunate they had the foresight to support not only the original disneyland park dream that walt had, but as we expanded, they have been great partners in supporting that expansion. >> every tourist is my best friend. if they come to my hometown, i want to embrace them.

it's probably not high on their interest list. probably disneyland or the ducks or an angel game, and if we cannot keep them in town, they might go down to huntington beach and watch the surfers and the girls playing volleyball. for us, if we can provide something of interest to the tourists and get them to stay in anaheim, i'm very pleased. >> our cities tour staff recently traveled to anaheim, california, to learn about its rich history. learn more about anaheim and other stops on our two or at www.c-span.org/citiestour. you're watching american history tv. all weekend, every weekend on c-span 3. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2016]

>> the most important thing to me is education. i'm looking at the candidates very closely for their programs and education. i'm not happy in the last 15 years with the core standards and i would like to see that changed around. i'm going to vote for either bernie sanders or hillary clinton. see what theirto education plans would actually elected.to be if >> i've decided i'm voting for ted cruz because he is eloquent and he is principled, consistently out of all the candidates so far. >> each week, american history tv railamerica brings you archive footage. this is korea. in 1951 film documenting the hardships faced by u.s. forces on the peninsula.

funded by the u.s. navy and directed by academy award winner john ford, the 50 minute film was produced six months after the war began. when north korea invaded south korea and 1950. in the first major conflict of the cold war, north korea was backed by china and the soviet union. while the u.s. led the united nations force in support of south korea. >> this is korea. [explosions] [gunfire]

>> now look at this, and look at this, and look at it. republicat the korean is fighting for. miles of miles and homeless refugees, set adrift by the red scourge. whole families starving, fear-ridden, without hope, beyond the united nations. shots for smallpox and typhus. and they do not understand. but they will.

it was a big problem for what to do with the orphan kids they picked up? they had to leave them somewhere, before they reached the fronts. so they asked them to take them. little babe ruth dimaggio was confused, until he found friends and smiled, in trust. candy, chewing gum for the kids, but you have to teach them how to eat it. poor, frightened little fellas. then, we move out, once again. it is colder now. and how cold is gets in korea?

brass monkey cold. and that is cold. wet, too. moving north, into war's desolation. hills, and more hills. the general, four times winner of the navy cross. >> put some more fire down on those people. [explosions]

>> 20 freezing degrees below. now the prisoners come in. prime-looking lot, aren't they? we searched them. [wind howling] we smashed their weapons. >> we questioned them. this young kid says they killed his mother and father and gave him a gun. that's all he knows about the war. that these wise monks were tough. they clammed up. they wouldn't sing.

>> remember us. and remember us. rooseveltfranklin d state of the union address, he introduced four freedoms that he believed for universal and argued the united states needed the support of allies in securing these freedoms for all. freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear. next, a discussion of this beach as well as the fate of the four freedoms idea after fdr's presidency. franklin d roosevelt presidential library hosted this event. we'll hear portion of this address before congress.