and fighting for equality and opportunity ever since. and your congressman, congressman giago, thank you so much. he is not only doing a great job representing arizona, he is becoming quickly a leader in washington, and boy, do we need that. so thank you so much, reuben. and i can't say enough about this remarkable couple that you just heard from. i have been so pleased to have them by my side and so many campaign stops across our country. you know -- you know what congresswoman gabby giffords

meant to this state. you know what she did for her constituents. and i am in awe of her courage and her commitment to continue to serve people by standing up and speaking out against the gun lobby in favor of common sense gun safety measures. and by her side, a man who has served our country with such distinction, and i am pleased to call him a friend, not only because of that service he has gibb but because of what he's continuing to do by gabby's side, speaking out, over and over again. and as they both said, like many people in arizona and many people around our country, they've been gun owners for a long time. and you know what?

there's a right in our country to be a gun owner. what we are advocating, what we are standing up for and speaking out for are common sense gun reform measures. and i also want to just recognize a couple that i met just before coming in. lonnie and sandy phillips who are here. they lost their daughter jessie in the aurora movie theater massacre. and they've been trying to do what they could to travel around the country and to sue the gun makers and the gun site online where the murderer got all of his ammunition and nobody asked

a question. and they're trying to raise this to a high visibility. i can't imagine the courage that it takes for people like gabby and mark and the phillip sesphi. i'm going to fight for them. well, tomorrow's a day right here in arizona! i've got to tell you. the stakes in this election just keep getting higher and higher. while the rhetoric on the other side keeps getting lower and lower. there is an opportunity for everybody in arizona to go out and vote tomorrow for the kind of future you want. the kind of president you want. and i want you to think about

this. i want you to want me. because -- [ chanting ] thank you! thank you! well, here. here's why we've got to do this together. because somebody is going to walk in to the oval office in january of 2017. and that next president is going to sit at the desk and start making decisions that will affect the lives and livelihoods of americans. and i think there are three big tests that the next president will face. first, can you make a positive difference in improving the lives of americans? second, can you keep us safe? and third, can you bring us

together as a nation? which is where we should be going. now, if you think about, can you make a positive difference, i've been campaigning about tearing down all the bare yeriers that stampbd in the way. it is time americans got a raise and we had more good paying jobs for every american who wants to work. we know a little bit about how to do this because, you know, the economy always does better when there's a democrat in the white house. you know, my husband was here yesterday in tucson and phoenix! and he did a pretty good job 23 million new jobs, over 8 years. and incomes went up for

everybody. not just people at the top. people in the middle, working people, poor people. everybody saw their incomes go up. and then what happened? why did it stop? because we had a republican president. that's the easiest explanation. someone who slashed taxes on the wealthy, took his eyes off of the financial markets and the mortgage markets and you know what happened. we elected another new, young, dynamic democratic president, barack obama. and when he was elected, we were losing 800,000 jobs a month. 9 million americans lost their jobs. 5 million homes were lost. and people say, well, why are some americans so angry? well, one explanation is that people really got knocked down so hard and they don't think

anybody was looking out for them. that anybody even cared for them. i saw president-elect obama shortly after that election. he said to me, it is so much worse than they told us and it was. and i don't think he gets the credit he deservedeserves for m sure we didn't fall into a great depression. so i've been laying out what i would do to bring more jobs and to increase incomes. i know we can do it. there are a lot of opportunities out there. jobs in infrastructure, advanced manufacturing and let's combat climate change by creating more clean, renewable energy jobs. let's do more to help support small businesses that create two thirds of all jobs. let's raise the minimum wage so people aren't working in poverty at the end of the year. despite working full-time. and, yes, it is way past time

for women to receive equal pay for our work. we could do all of this, my friends. something else we can do is improve education so more young people get off to a good start. arizona is 45th in the nation when it comes to education. 50th in the nation when it comes to per capita spending for students. i believe that arizona can and needs to do better. if we are going to talk about the jobs of the few chu we've got to have our young people educated for those jobs. i want to start with early childhood education. universal pre-kindergarten. i want to be a good partner with teachers here in arizona and

across america. and i want to make college affordable for our young people. we're going to do this with debt free tuition. i have a somewhat different approach than my esteemed opponent senator sander who is says free for everybody. i'm not going to ask you to pay to send donald trump's youngest child free to college or university. no, instead, i'm going to focus on who needs the help, middle class families, working families, striving and struggling poor families. and we're going to make sure that we get the support we need from states. i think it is way past time for

states to quit building more prisons and instead let's invest in higher education again. and we are going to go after the student debt problem. it is weighing down so many young people. we are going to let you refinance your debt. get out from under those high interest rates. we are going to let you move in to programs where you pay it back as a percentage of your income. and -- and we are going to put an end date because i don't think you should still be paying back your student debt. if you have paid it every month when you're 50 or 60 years old, that is wrong. we're going to put an end date and we are going to recirculate the money. i'm excited about this because i borrowed money but i didn't face what young people today face.

i got to pay it back as a percent of my income and that meant i could go to work for the children's defense fund which is my, you know, my job that really got me started on a life of service. so, that's what we're going to do. we are also going to make sure we finish the affordable care act. we get to 100% universal coverage. but we are going to get the costs down. and i have to say just a personal word of regret. you know, before it was called obamacare it was called hillary care. back in '93 and '94. and we worked really hard to get to quality, affordable health care. we weren't successful. but what i did then is turn around and work with republicans and democrats to create the children's health insurance program which covers 8 million children but i regret to tell

you arizona pulled out of that program. and, you know, it's a 3 to 1 federal match so you got to wonder what's going on in terms of the arithmetic here. but it is really a shame because to this day i meet so many young people and their families who tell me what a difference that made to them and to their health. so i'm going to keep working to make sure that everybody has affordable health care and we are going do go after the prescription drug companies because they are charging way too much. so there's a lot of work to do to make a real difference in people's lives. that is what i'm committed to. i'm asked all the time, well, why do you do this? i feel blessed. i feel like i had a great family. i had public schools. i had opportunities. i want to make sure every person

in our country, particularly young people, have the chance to live up to their god-given potential right here in the united states of america. now, you know, the second big test, can you keep us safe? and when people vote tomorrow in the primary, i hope they know they're voting for somebody who will not only be president, but commander in chief. and i think -- i think it's very -- [ chanting ] i think it's very important -- it's very important that you have somebody in that white house who understands both the challenges and the opportunities we face in america today. i served as you know for eight years as a senator from new york

during the 9/11 attacks and, of course, i served as secretary of state. and i will tell you, only the hard choices get to the president's desk. only the hard choices end up in the situation room. if it's easy, it gets made somewhere along that path. but when you are faced with making those tough decisions, like we were when i was one of the small group to advise the president about whether or not to go after bin laden -- it takes experience and it takes temperament. and we've got to make sure our next president and commander in chief can fulfill those responsibilities in a responsible way, in a thoughtful way, in a prudent way. and i pledge to you that's

exactly what i will do if i'm honored enough to be the next president of the united states. and then, finally, you know, the next and last test is can you bring us together instead of drive us apart. it's been deeply distressing to me to see the divisiveness, the mean spiritedness, the incitement of violence and aggressiveness in this campaign. i don't ever remember anything like it, to be honest with you. i just don't. you know, pitting groups of americans against one another, it just is wrong. that's not who we are. that's not our values. that's not what we stand for. and i do believe we are better and stronger and more effective

when we are coming together instead of moving apart. and so, i will -- i will do whatever i can to find common ground. i will go anywhere. i will talk to anyone. i will work 24/7 to find common ground, to bring individuals and groups of americans together again. i understand as i said in the beginning, some people are incredibly frustrated, and yes, they are angry. you know what, folks? anger is not a strategy. we have got to get together and figure out what we have to do to make a difference in people's lives. and then we have got to roll up our sleeves and get to work. that is what i am promising you. i am promising you that i will spend every hour of every day working, number one, to make a difference in americans' lives.

a positive difference that will give more people greater opportunity. number two, to keep us safe. keep us safe here at home, keep us safe and strong around the world. go after and defeat isis. stand up for american values and american interests. and that i will bring people together. behind me you see some distinguished americans, don't you? we are a nation of immigrants and exiles who came here for better opportunity and for our human rights. and when i see people like sheriff arapaio and others who are treating fellow human beings with such disrespect, such contempt, it just makes my heart sink.

we are better than that. i'm going to fight for comprehensive immigration reform with a path to citizenship! [ chanting ] but i can't do any of this without your help. that is why i need you tomorrow. i need you to come out and to bring everybody you possibly can! come out and vote and let's have the future we deserve in america! thank you and god bless you! ♪ ♪

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that was hillary clinton live from phoenix, arizona. catch the full event and all of our road to the white house coverage online at c-span.org. arizona is one of the states voting tomorrow. we'll bring you full coverage after the polls close. defense secretary ashton carter sat down with the chief white house correspondent last week talking about provocation of north korean and the nomination of laurie robinson. setting her up to be the first woman to lead a combatant command in pentagon history. this is about 45 minutes. >> ladies and gentlemen, please welcome politico's chief white house correspondent mike allen and politico's defense editor

brian bender. [ applause ] >> good morning. i thank all of you for precovering from your st. paddy's day for an early playbook breakfast. we really appreciate it. welcome to all of you in livestream land. i'm fortunate to be joined by brian bender. a bunch of you know him. he came to politico from the "boston globe" and known secretary carter going back to the '90s when brian was the global peacekeeping correspondent. how did that work out? >> well, i wish it was more peacekeeping operations. >> and brian is also on the board of the military reporters and editors association. we're very honored to have with us today secretary of defense ashton carter who just told me he's worked directly for seven

secretaries of defense, including both republicans and democrats, he's worked in 11 administrations and came back as the boss. someone when he is's negotiated with our enemies, has written or co-written 11 books when he was at yale. probably enjoyed the upset yesterday. degrees in astrophysics and medieval history. >> medieval history which i would like to know from the secretary how much that comes in handy these days. >> before we kick off, we want to thank john comingwood and bank of america for these conversations. bank of america's made playbook breakfasts, cocktails, lunches snacks possible across the country and many years now and we really appreciate the bank for this tremendous partnership making these conversations with the most fascinating and important people in washington and our country possible. so thank you, john, and to your colleagues at the bank of america.

want to remind you in livestream land and here we have got -- i've got the twitter machine here. please tweet your questions at us. #plybook breakfast and we'll ask your question if it's good. we're honored to welcome secretary ash carter. [ applause ] >> thanks. >> secretary, thank you so much. >> thank you. good to be here. >> welcome. >> hi, brian. >> good to see you. >> everybody. >> playbook always starts with the news and we have overnight news from brian. >> okay. >> as i heem sure you know north korea yesterday tested another nudong medium-range missile. flew over the sea of japan. and, you know, when you first came to the pentagon, north korea had no nuclear weapons. >> right. >> they now have some estimates six to ten nuclear bombs and trying to develop a system to

deliver those weapons. william perry, he said that the north korea issue is one of the biggest failures of diplomacy in modern history. is it time to think about a different approach to deterring north korea, given that everything we have tried to do doesn't seem to be making a difference? >> i don't know about deterring north korea. a different approach to deterring north korea. mine, in the first instance, that is the bedrock. we have been there since the 1950s. we pay attention to it every day. the slogan of u.s. forces korea is fight tonight. that's not something we ever want to do but it's something we're ready with our south korean allies to do and have been for many decades. with respect to the missile launch yesterday, we had positioned as we always do missile defense assets in anticipation of this possibility to defend our own folks but also south korea and japan.

we were positioned, we are analyzing the results of those launches now but to your bigger question, yeah, over the last, what, 25 years or so and -- is that on? and especially in the early part of this century north korea's nuclear and other programs surged forward. that caused us to need to strengthen our deterrent and we have in many ways but the point you're making is, is there another approach in that's worth thinking about but we have to understand that the north korean regime at the moment seems intent upon this pattern of provocation. and we have considerable influence there but we always work with the japanese and the south koreans in that regard who are our allies and of course we have enlisted the russians and

chinese over time because of the possibility of their influence. by far and away the country that has the most influence over north korea because of proximity and its economic relationship and also its interests because there it is right next to north korea, exercisinging these provocations, pursuinging these weapons programs is china. and so china could do a lot more. and if we -- if they were willing to do that, i know the president has urged the chinese leadership to get in the game and try to get them to a position where they stop provocations and ultimately do what they're signed up to do, which is have a nonnuclear korean peninsula. >> but at that point, you don't see additional military options to get them off this intent that you describe -- >> we're doing things to

strengthen deterrence every day. so i do. we're doing things to strengthen the alliance with south korea. changing the way we operate with them. strengthening our forces there, strengthening our missile defenses, putting in a new missile defense as you probably know. a decision made in the last couple of months with the south koreans and protecting ourselves and our allies. >> mr. secretary, you have already made a lot of changes in the culture of the forces, women in combat and in the culture of the building. now, you said in an interview with "wired adequa ed"wired" ma in a hurry. now, the pentagon is not known for being a building in a hurry. are they adapting or are you ado ada adapting? >> no. i have been around too long. i've done all the adapting i'm going to do. one thing i've learned in all that time is you're right. i mean, look. let me start with the fact that

i love the place. otherwise i wouldn't be there. i love our men and women in uniform. i love all our employees at the department. these are people who do the noblest thing you have do with your life which is protect our people and make a better world so i love that. at the same time, particularly in matters of innovation and change, we can be really ponderous and really slow. the problem with that was brought home to me really vividly in the course of the two wars that -- and when i was undersecretary and then deputy secretary were really all consuming for us. we now have ones, too, that are in the same category but i found that too often when we had a desperate battlefield need, something to protect our forces or make them more effective, the answer reflectively to come back is we have a program to do that. it'll take ten years or it's on a path to ten or 15 years.

guys -- >> fast track. >> ten days to do this. why is that? why was that? importantly because when i was around in those days, cold war, things lumbered along slowly. that was dangerous but the soviet union was slow, methodically inexorable but you could see what was coming and made sense programs over a decade long. also at this time, technology didn't cycle as fast. today, technology moves real quickly and we're in conflict today. we are in the conflict with isil as we speak. we have to even where we're not in conflict but we are in a competitive situation as with china and russia, for example, they're innovating every day and they live out there as we do in a world where a lot of technology doesn't come from us. it comes from the commercial world and we need to feed upon that. and that's rapidly changing so

for those two reasons, the media sy of the possibility of conflict and the need to react quickly and also the pace as which technology changes, i have to challenge our folks to get faster. also, to keep the relationship strong between us and our industry. that's important, too. when i started out in this business, the generations above me had been part of the manhattan project. you talk about physics in my background. and it was a reflex to feel that -- with technical knowledge went a respect to the broader public. people were used to working with the government. that's not the case anymore. that's not anybody's fault. it's just with the passage of time. what that means to for me is i have to work extra hard to reach out to the technology industry. draw on their tremendous desire to make a difference. you know?

innovators are -- want to do something of consequence. when they learn about how they can do something with us to make a difference in protecting people here and around the world they get excited about that. i need to show them that opportunity. but you can't take it for granted anymore. you've got to reach out and that's what i'm trying to do. >> one more on this. we have a number of people -- >> related. >> in the room and in our con line audience who, lead organizations, manage people. how did you get people who used to take ten years to do something in ten days? >> well, first of all, they need to be aware of the stakes and that may sound funny but in the course of the wars, many times i had the experience of picking up the phone, and calling somebody up and say, do you realize because there's a piece of paper sitting on your desk you haven't signed yet we're not enroute to providing soldiers with a

protecting vehicle or a protective vest or -- i remember something extremely important to young people which was protective underwear. it was harder than -- as soon as you told them, wake up, here. move, move, move. think'd go, oh my god, i didn't know that. it was just in the pile along with everything else. awareness is part of it. you had to sit on it, sit on it. something you find in any leadership position. it is one thing to say what you want everybody to do but you have to stay every day on making sure that's what happens. >> when you say faster, better, trying to get a little bit away from this high bound process of developing new technologies, getting them to the field, it's hard if you've been around a while to sflot a little bit of deja vu. in other words, there's been secretaries before you that have said very similar things.

and here you are yet again trying to do this. >> yeah. >> it's been about a year now since you've done this outreach to silicone valley for new ideas and processes. what do you think you've achieved? will it have lasting impact? >> i think it will but first on your general point, yes. secretaries of defense as long as i have known them dedicated to making the system perform better. you got to be. i'm asking -- i was up yesterday on capitol hill asking for almost $ 600 billion for the department of defense. i think i can convince people they need that for their security. i also have to convince them that we're going to spend their money right. and so, when it comes to discipline in the acquisition system, reform, efficiency, not having -- having more tooth and less tail, that's got to be part of the game and that's also a reason for the outreach.

now, you ask about silicone valley. that's an important innovation hub in the -- almost an iconic innovation hub. not the only one by the way but, yes, i'm trying to make us more more visible there. our problems more apparent so that people know and they can jump in. rebuild bridges that are either -- have worn down over time or because of things -- let's be frank. edward snowden issues and so forth. so we have some outreach. it's important that people know that we're willing to meet them, you know, halfway and work with them in a way that's compatible with them. they are innovative. they want to move fast. they don't want to be tangled in bureaucracy. they want to be free. they want all these things that

it's understandable for them to want. we can't ask them to be captives if we ask them to help. it's to make them understand our desire to interact with them but also our willingness to change and adapt. i want to emphasize silicon valley is kind of what's on everybody's mind. very important. but there are other hubs as well. you will see me doing things with respect to them. what do i want to get out of it is two things. i want to get out specific technological products or companies that if taken an interest in us that were only doing commercial and now said, maybe i will get in the national security game. that will make my -- it can be beneficial to the company. we fund a lot of technology. but also they get to be part of something bigger than themselves. and that's exciting to employees. the other thing i want to get out of it is people.

i want -- we need constantly to ventilate ourselves, rejuvenate ourselves, attract both in our uniform and civilian ranks the next generation. and i have to recognize that, you know, people younger than us who are in the leadership are different. they've grown up in a different environment, a different way. they have a different way of working, a different way of thinking. and if i want the very best of them to come into our department, i need to understand what kind of career, what kind of life they want. and so drawing them in and then by the way sending some of our people out. because a lot of our people as excellent as they are, they have grown up in our system. they need to know how the rest of the world of technology works if they will stay up to date. it's programs and money and technology and people. >> one of the reasons you are so fascinating is you are a student of everything.

you get on a long plane trip with a stack of textbooks, maybe curl up with one on the weekend. >> textbooks are good. that sounds nerdy, i know. just to make my pitch, if you like to learn things, textbooks are written to teach you. so you are reading something that is deliberately written for somebody who doesn't know anything about that subject to get something out of it. that's the whole point. so somebody who knows it very well has worked very hard to write something like that. they're surprisingly rewarding. you pick up a book on a topic you don't know anything about and you page through. wow. i learned a lot about that. i don't have any background in it. it's enriching. when i get on a plane these days, the books are workbooks mostly, binders full of notes and stuff because we have a lot to work on. >> you've been talking about the awareness that you've been fostering in silicon valley. let's look through the other end of the telescope.

what have you learned from your trips to silicon valley that they do that now you wish you could copy or that you have copied? >> well, lots and lots of really exciting innovation. but i think the principal thing that i have learned and that's heartening is the willingness of people to come our way and reach our way. they look at the world, they read the newspapers and -- it's a dangerous place. and they know that everything else that's good in human life and freedom and innovation, your family, the careers that they like, all those things aren't possible unless you have the basic thing, which is security. and that's what we're trying to provide. and i find it's kind of a myth that people are detached from security or detached from the military and the mission. many people haven't had a personal experience, but they can immediately relate.

and i find that really rewarding. there's that and also the amazing things that are going on out there. i will see things being used for a different purpose and say, i bet we can make use of this. >> you and your colleagues have done so much to rebuild good will there since snowden. then along comes the iphone case. how much did that poison the well? >> well, i think it's like everything else. it's something we have to work through. i need to say right at the beginning with respect to the apple case, that's a law enforcement matter. of it's in litigation. i can't really address that. there's a bigger issue out there, no question, about it. i don't think that one particular case can drive an entire universe of -- >> it seems to be. >> well, i think people that are technically knowledgeable have some context on it. certainly, we have some context on it. our context is this. we have to protect our own

networks in defense. just speaking for the department of defense, there's no point in my being out there buying planes and tanks and ships and equipment and soldiers and so forth if i can't connect them. because in today's world, that is necessary for their functioning. i have to make sure we have integrity in our networks. so i have a huge common interest in the rest of society in data integrity. that's a base from which we can all work together. i think we just need to find that base and try to come together as i said, not let any one situation drive what will be a host of solutions. and like everything else, we're just going to have to work together across the public sector and the private sector to come to a place which allows everybody to have what they want, which is freedom on the internet and innovation on the internet and safety. so you can wake up in the morning and take your kids to school and go to work and dream

your dreams and live full lives, which is what people want. they deserve all of that. we can have it all. >> watch the rest of this program and our programming online at c-span.org. book tv is in prime time on c-span2, starting tonight at 8:30 eastern. each night we will feature programs on topics ranging from politics and education to medical care and national security. plus encore presentations from recent book festivals. tune in for book tv in prime time, this week on c-span2. c-span's washington journal live every day with news and policy issues that impact you. coming up tuesday morning, republican congress wwoman marc sha blackburn or president

obama's trip to cuba and her work on infant lives and women's history month. then democratic congressman conly of virginia who is the co-chair of the new democrat coalition on a report that group released last week designed to promote a domestic american prosperity agenda aimed at growing the economy and achieving political consensus. he will talk about today's house hearing on heroin and opioid abuse and president obama's trip to cuba. washington journal begins live at 7:00 a.m. eastern tuesday morning. on september 14, 1986, president and mrs. reagan made a rare joint address from the white house residence carried live on national television. their message was on drug abuse. first lady nancy reagan, who died on march 6 at the age of 94, urged young people to just say no to drugs, an anti-drug abuse strategy she had been

promoting since 1982. >> good evening. usually, i talk with you from my office in the west wing of the white house. but tonight, there's something special to talk about and i've asked someone very special to skroin me. nancy and i are here in the west hall of the white house and around us are the rooms in which we live. it's the home you have provided for us of which we merely have temporary custody. nancy is joining me because the message this evening is not my message but ours. and we speak to you not simply as fellow citizens but as fellow parents and grandparents and as concerned neighbors. it is back to school time for america's children. and while drug and alcohol abuse cuts across all generations, it's especially damaging to the young people on whom our future depends. so tonight, from our family to yours, from our home to yours, thank you for joining us.

america has accomplished so much in these last few years. whether it has been rebuilding our economy or freedom in the world, what we have been able to achieve has been done with your help. with us working together as a nation united. now we need your support again. drugs are menacing our society. they are threatening our values and undercutting our institutions. they are killing our children. from the beginning of our administration, we have taken strong steps to do something about this horror. tonight, i can report to you that we have made much progress. 37 federal agencies are working together in a vigorous national effort. and by next year, our spending for drug law enforcement will have more than tripled from its 1981 levels. we have increased seize ufrz illegal drugs, shortages of marijuana are being reported. last year alone, over 10,000 drug criminals were convicted and nearly $250 million of their