regulation of the internet and privacy. in the spectrum incentives option that is just beginning. by the technology reporter for the washington post . >> what i was fortunate enough they was to be involved as were bringing great change to the american economy and the way that people live their lives. that is what we are dealing with at the fcc. we are in one of the great network revolutions of all-time. say,ob of the fcc is to how do we deal with kinds of changes happening all around us? >> watch "the communicators" monday night at a met on c-span2 -- at 8:00 p.m. et on c-span2. recent, i look at our

visit to montgomery, alabama. american history tv, all weekend, every weekend, on cspan3. >> if you think about the timeline of the modern-day civil rights movement, the beginning being brown versus the board of education and the apex being the assassination of dr. king, the freedom rise is right in the middle. at the halfway point between those events. the happened here on streets of montgomery became a turning point for the movement. was a civilride rights campaign to trap -- challenge the segregation laws and interstate travel in the south.

they were traveling to the deep south to test whether the facilities and modes of transportation were complying with the recent supreme court ruling where the supreme court outlawed segregation in interstate travel. the plan was that the group that left washington, d.c. would travel through the deep south, and would arrive in new orleans 1961, which would be the seventh anniversary of the brown versus board of education decision. as the left washington, d.c., and travel to the upper south, virginia and north carolina, they did not run into much resistance. there were a few glares, but nothing serious. as they entered the deeper south, south carolina, rock hill's, that is when they first encountered violence and were attacked. is that theylan

would go in and use facilities that were segregated, so black passengers would use the black facilities and white passengers would use the black facilities. as i got off the buses in south carolina and proceeded into the station to test the ruling, there were white segregationists there and they attacked the freedom riders. several were injured. they were able to continue the ride. there were other skirmishes in atlanta. the group was able to meet with dr. martin luther king jr. who was at that time president of the southern christian leadership conference. concernsvoiced some about the group continuing to ride into alabama. there were sources that reported to him that there would be violence, waiting for the freedom riders. the group was aware of his concern but decided to ride

anyway. they left atlanta may 14, 1961. there were two groups of travelers on a greyhound bus. the buses departed from atlanta one hour apart. when the bus arrived, there was -- for theng for the bus. they attacked the bus, they broke out windows and rocked it to try to turn it over. bus was able to pull away but not before the tires had been slashed. when they pulled over, they try to call for help but they were attacked again. someone through a molotov cocktail into the bus and it filled with fumes. as they try to get off, there were members of the mob who held the doors so people could not the part. when they got off, they were at the mercy of this crowd who proceeded to attack them further . the deal that had been worked

out with local law enforcement and segregationists is that they would have 15 minutes to attack the freedom riders before law enforcement intervened. after 15 minutes, a local law-enforcement officer pulled his weapon and fired a shot and that is what stopped the attack. in the meantime, the trailways andarrived one hour later they don't know until they arrive that the greyhound bus has already been attacked, the interesting thing about the trailways bus is several of the segregationists had got on the bus in atlanta and were writing the bus from atlanta to emison. taunted and harassed the freedom riders on the bus from atlanta, but they had also beaten several of them on the bus. eventually, the trailways bus was able to continue from emison to birmingham where another mob

formed and was there waiting for that bus to arrive. on, there was going were a group of college students in nashville that were part of the national student movement that had been working to desegregate lunch counters in the downtown area for over a year. the students were monitoring to see what was happening and there were negotiations and discussions among the students in nashville to continue the rides, and that is where they eventually reconvened in birmingham. when the students arrived, the kennedy administration worked out with the state government to provide protection for the students leaving birmingham and coming to montgomery. the deal they worked out was that the buses would be protected by state police from the birmingham city limits to the montgomery city limits, and then the montgomery city police would protect the bus as it arrived at the bus station.

the bus with the freedom riders in birmingham left may 20, 1961 which was saturday morning. everything was going according to plan until they arrived at the city of montgomery. then the state police peeled off and the city police did not pick up the bus to escorted to the montgomery bus station. it took 15 minutes for the bus to arrive here at the greyhound bus station. the bus pulled into the station and several of the freedom riders remarked it was here he that there were not many people around. there were not many people in the streets. the bus pulled in, the freedom riders were beginning to get off and several photographers and journalists were waiting to interview the students. as i got off the bus and started their interviews, a crowd formed. buildings,rom behind out of cars, from across the street, from everywhere and descended on these students in

first they attacked the photographers in the journalists, smashing the cameras. some of them were beaten with their own equipment as part of the attack. after they attacked the journalists, they turned on the freedom riders. the 21 students on the bus from birmingham to montgomery. none of them over the age of 23. they were black and white. as the were being attacked, congressman lewis suggested to the students that they stand and huddle together and not get separated. two of the people who were most badly beaten was the lone white male on the bus. he was an exchange student and nashville from wisconsin. he and conger's and lewis were the first to try off the bus. the crowd that formed -- he and congressman lewis were the first to get off the bus.

the crowds had chains and pipes and crates, any manner of weaponry you could think of. after the reporters were attacked, they turned on congressman lewis. he was hit over the head with a coca-cola crate. they were both beaten unconscious. two others on the fight that day who were caught up in this were the assistant to attorney general robert f kennedy. she came upon the scene as it was in progress on may 20 and tried to intervene. he announced himself as a federal official and someone proceeded to hit him over the head with a metal pipe and attack him. after what happened with him, the other official with the justice department on scene that

day, went to find judge frank johnson who was a federal judge in montgomery to asked -- to ask him to issue an injunction to enjoin the clan from interfering. thompson issued an junction to do just that. injunction to an prevent the freedom riders from continuing the ride. the day after the event that happened here, civil rights leaders came to montgomery to hold a mass meeting, along with citizens in the city of montgomery to support the freedom riders. they held that meeting at first baptist church. while they were at the church, there were about 1500 people inside the church and the mob outside that came to protest grew to 3000 people. they attacked the church, they threw rocks at the church, they turned over cars outside, they threw molotov cocktails at the

exterior of the church. other civil rights leaders inside reached out to attorney general robert f kennedy and asked him to send in federal troops. instead of the federal troops, governor paterson called the national guard. when the freedom riders or taken from the church, they were taken to the home of dr. richard harris. dr. harris was a black pharmacist who had also been involved on the bus boycott. he had provided some transportation coordination and at his home, the freedom riders were given safe haven. the decision was that the ride would continue. the next stop would be jackson, mississippi. may 24, 1961, two busloads of freedom riders, many of whom had been on the early bus to montgomery left montgomery on the trailways bus. when the freedom riders arrived in jackson, they did try to

integrate the segregated facilities there and were arrested. they were charged with breach of peace and many of them served 30 to 40 days in jail. were arresteds and served time in prison in jackson, mississippi. which meant they never arrived at the destination in new orleans. even after all of the activism and all of the work that people like rosa parks and dr. martin luther king had done desegregating the city buses in montgomery, for most black voters their lives did not change much. they were in the same situations they had been before. it was after the student sit in when the freedom riders the signs of segregation start to come down. point when it was ruled november 1 at all of these facilities across the south had

to integrate was really when you first saw the visual changes in the landscape. >> our cities tour staff recently traveled to montgomery, alabama to learn about its rich history. learn more about montgomery and other stops on our tour at .-span.org/citiestour c-span.o g tells the story of the fact that the manuscript is not what we thought, while also trying to chronologically think about what was madison and countering at the time. keeping those narratives straight was tricky for a while. bostonght on "q&a,"

college law school professor discusses "medicine's hand." which takes a critical look at the notes that james madison wrote during and after the constitutional convention. >> madison took those notes on sheets of paper and he folds them in half. he writes across the front, the middle, and on the backside. at some point, he sold them together-- sewed them into a manuscript. one of the last things we noticed down there was the last quarter did not match with the earlier one which confirmed my suspension that the end had been written later. but you cannot see that on the microfilm. it was a wonderful thing to see that in person. >> sunday night at 8:00 p.m. et q&a