of each new frontier. iere are those who said that was ahead of my time. they were wrong. believe that i was behind the times. announcer: our cities to her staff recently traveled to tuscaloosa, alabama. learn more about tuscaloosa and other stops at www.c-span.org our.iesto he we proudlycretary, give 72 of our delegate votes to the next president of the united states.

during world war ii, the u.s. signal corps created a lot of training clips and videos. were created to inform officers and enlisted men about the terri developments. next, if activation of civilians, and 14-minute volatility -- detailing the procedure removing refugees and displaced people out of harms way, by relocating them to temporary housing until it is safe to return home. ♪

>> no school today, it says. no, no school today, tomorrow, or next week, or next month. or for a long time to come. no school in france or holland, belgium or italy, germany or burma.

china, or the philippines. no food or water or medicine or clothing. no place to get warm. no place to sleep. for these are refugees, everywhere, a byproduct of war, and a problem for allied armies. as uncontrolled civilians, they inevitably interfere with our military operations. therefore it is imperative necessity that they be controlled, and it is the job of the military police to see that this control is maintained. in some countries, in some cases, the refugees will have to be confined to the area of their homes. others may have to be evacuated to the rear. in any case, their control will be under the supervision of the theater commander. full use of local agencies is made when possible, in cooperation with the military police. as unidentified individuals,

some of these refugees may be criminals, hostile sympathizers, or enemy agents. by spreading rumors, misleading information, or false orders, they can create panic and cause whole peoples to flee blindly into the streets and open roads, even before their homes have been touched. thus, making themselves a perfect target for the enemy. just as it happened over france, so it happened over china. [explosion] >> there, because of bombs and

rumors of bombs, people took to their streets and open roads. they too became homeless wanderers and created a hazard to military operations by blocking the movement of troops and supplies. it is the same in every case, in every country. no matter where they are going or where they are, refugees are actually a uncontrolled crowd. they are ever a potential mob. a possible threat to law and order, and to the security of our troops and equipment in the area. refugees without discipline endanger their own health, and also the health of our troops. made desperate by hunger, they follow the garbage trucks come and try to salvage any scraps of food that may cling to a discarded can. their bombed out towns mean disrupted water supplies, broken sewers, inadequate shelter, these in turn mean more exposure and sickness. so, for both military and humanitarian reasons, we must act quickly and decisively. the commanding general orders a compulsory movement which

changes the state of refugees into that of evacuees. his staff which may include a civil affairs officer called g5, prepares the plans for civilian evacuation. the local commander, guided by the tactical situation carries the plans into effect. orders go down the line specifying exactly to what place the civilians will be evacuated, and what arrangements have been made for receiving them. the mps assigned to each succeeding lower exelon handle the physical side of the movement. there is a necessary difference in the discipline required for handling the evacuees of enemy countries, as compared to those of liberated nations. action is taken accordingly. while extreme alertness is required in both cases, in conquered territories, the strictest vigilance and aloof awareness is absolutely essential.

sometimes the evacuated will resist the order to leave his home. evacuation is a compulsory movement and he has no choice. most often however, he is ready to come out of his hiding place. is abandoned mine shaft, air raid shelter, or subterranean dugouts, where he has lived for days, seeking refuge from the air and artillery attack of both belligerents and the demolition activity of the retreating enemy. gathering evacuees at designated collection points is the first step in the evacuation procedure. these collection points may be any suitable buildings or street corners. the second step is to direct the evacuees to the evacuation center, a large, convenient gathering place, which may be any suitable location in town. an abandoned factory, group of houses, or school, as long as it is away from the main lines of communication. the area selected may be outside of the town limits. wherever it is, the military police stay right with the evacuees throughout each move.

they remain alert, even while life is being made more bearable. here at the evacuation center, not only will be temporary shelter be provided, but also sanitary facilities, emergency medical aid, and the immediate necessities of clothing, food, and water. ♪ >> these material requirements will be furnished whenever possible from civilian sources and captured enemy supplies. in every case, local religious orders, welfare societies, boy scouts, and local civil authorities join the red cross and the military services in attending the sick and hungry. this evacuation center is the place for immediate aid and temporary shelter. it will remain as such only until the third step can be arranged. transporting the groups back further to an evacuation area, a

more permanent. while the mps control the physical circulation, the military government officer in less --enlists the help of the local authority in the actual operation of the evacuation center. they contribute advice on a number of people to be evacuated, a health make records on each evacuee, and they interpret orders when any faculty exist between the civilian population and military authorities.

as soon as the evacuees have been organized, they are called in to complete their identification papers. registration and identification is vitally necessary for the successful control of circulation. available military personnel, all working under the supervision of g5, carefully interrogate and process each individual. at this stage, a most careful check is made for thieves, spies, saboteurs, and collaborationist. at the same time, the military police search the town for any suspicious characters who are rounded up, question, and held with any available witnesses for interrogation by the counter intelligence corps or military government. as there are usually a great many collaborationist to be dealt with, a large building may be set aside for their detention. a proclamation by the commanding general explains the rules and regulations of the new government and how they will be in force. most important, it gives the authority and details of the evacuation procedure such as,

names of families to be moved, the date of movement, the location of the departure point, the time to report, and the amount of baggage to be taken. the evacuees go directly from the evacuation centers to be departure point. directed again by the military police. ♪ >> all available civilian means of transportation are used. often, fast-moving army vehicles must be relied upon for the job. an interpreter will be appointed to act as leader in each vehicle for the duration of the trip. he is advised of the plans for the entire movement. the details of protection, feeding, medical attention and inspection, sanitary arrangements, route to be followed, and the final destination. these plans worked out ahead of time by the staff of the commanding general, are coordinated with the plans of the tactical command so as not to allow congestion of the roads in the area. particular care is made that slow-moving vehicles are directed to proceed on less important side roads.

in some cases, evacuation by train, fully or in part may be preferable, and even necessary, or in other cases, evacuation by ship may be advisable. here at the procedure is the same as by land, the movement is guided by the military police. no matter what means of transportation is used, the ultimate destination of any compulsory movement is the evacuation area, which most often is another town further to the rear. this will be the evacuees more or less permanent home, until arrangements can be made for their return to the town they abandoned. immediately after dismounting from the trucks, families, which may have been separated during travel, will be regrouped. then together, they will go to the building officer who will make every effort to house them as one unit under one roof.

whenever possible, townspeople take groups into their own homes while other groups will be quartered in barracks, assigned for their use. there, each entrance may be clearly marked for purposes of identification and registration. for the first few days, foodstuffs may have to be furnished by the army from captured enemy supplies or local resources. if so, meals are prepared in community kitchens by the evacuees themselves. then later, as the people get settled, they are given ration books, so that individual families can draw their own separate rations and be able to cook for themselves. but ultimately they must become self-sufficient and earn their keep in order not to burden the inhabitants of their foster town. miscellaneous jobs of all sorts keep most of them bu and provide them with a decent livelihood and a chance to

regain their self-respect. some of them may require hospital care, provided by the local relief agencies. all of them, for the duration of their stay here, are under recognized and established authority. the duration of that stay maybe a week or a month, or even a year. as soon as it is possible for them to return to their homes, their repatriation will take place. this moment will be supervised, and of course it will almost always be willingly undertaken. so they come home. even though the home is not as it used to be. here in liberated areas, they are bringing home their same few possessions and a few new ones,