want to have broadband capability, and all over the united dates it is a big fight. the fcc is backing up giving companies money to build out broadband in rural communities. my members do broadband, and that's a big part of what we do. i think will become an even bigger part. >> watch of of the >> nina allender was the cartoonist for the national women's party from 1914 through 1927, contracting over 100 the cartoons campaigning for women's suffrage. next, we visit the women's equality national monument to see our work. jennifer: i'm the deputy director and director of strategic initiatives at the elmont women's equality national monument which was formally the soul obama -- sold belmont house

dc.ashington it was the fifth and final headquarters of the national women's party. it was founded by alice paul in 1913 as the congressional union for women's suffrage. it became the national women's party in 1916. this group of women's and seven lobbying they president and congress for a , atral suffrage amendment which time, whence they received the amendment, they wrote and began lobbying for the equal rights amendment. they were lobbying for suffrage, they were working all over the country, actively garnering support from western women voters and bringing the fight directly to the president's doorstep. they had headquarters on lafayette square where they could walk out the door and be

at the president's doorstep in a matter of minutes. they began picketing the white house, one of the first groups to do so, when the united states entered world war i in 1917. at that time, it was quite peaceful but they turned ugly when crowds watching the women picket the white house believes there behavior to be unpatriotic, so crowds would throw things at the women, converge on them and tear the banners from their hands. begane of 1917, the women being arrested on charges of abstract traffic and were taken to prison and sentenced to anywhere from three days to six months. they were in the district prison here in washington dc and at the occoquan workhouse. treated like political prisoners, they were treated like any other prisoners, often thrown into their cells, their hands handcuffed above them, and they

began protesting that treatment and went on hunger strike and were forced that. because of their activities, there was a lot of press around what was happening to them, which ended up garnering a lot of public sympathy for their cause. thanks to not only the work of the national women's party but other suffrage organizations working for similar goals, the federal amendment was passed by both houses of congress and sent to the states for ratification. it was ratified by all 36 states and became law. by 1921 and 1922, the national be leavingty, suffrage was only the first step in a many step process to achieve full women's equality began working on the equal rights amendment. partypaul presented the in 19 23 and from that time, they worked for legal, social, and economic equality for women

throughout the united states and later, throughout the world. untilorked from 1923 1997, when they became a 501(c)(3). oury, we work to preserve collection of women's rights and equal rights artifacts about this community of women who work for total equality for women. the belmont paul house is named after alice paul, our original founder and albert elmont. belmont was the benefactor and president of the party for many years and it's because of her that we have such a large collection of books, scrapbooks, artifacts, and many other objects that allow us to tell this story. and we are upstairs going to talk about our collection of political cartoons .y nina allender

only party to have an official cartoonist and her work appeared on the cover of their publication for more than 10 years. she grew up in kansas. she was born in 1872. her family moved to washington dc around 1900. her mother was one of the first women employees at the department of the carrier and at ther studied painting corcoran school of art with the intention of becoming an art teacher. she was a painter and loved to paint and that was a big part of her identity. thealso worked for government land office, so she recognize painting would not pay the bills. d.c.as president of the branch of the national women's

suffrage association and when alice paul came in 1912 with the intention of lobbying for the federal amendment, she watched with interest in this new woman. there is a great story and one of the early biography of the national women's party where allender and her mother receive alice paul at their house. they are both interested in the suffrage movement and are interested to hear from this woman who they claim was about as big as their finger walking into their house. the story goes that by the time alice hall left, they had committed both time and money to the suffrage movement and the congressional union without realizing what a had committed to our how this little woman had managed to convince them to begin lobbying for the federal amendment. sudden, allender was an active member of this party.

i inc. she always looked around in amazement at alice hall's negotiating and strategic way of convincing people to not only work for the movement, but to give money. so she began her career as an official -- as the cartoonist of the national women's party. in 1914. work appeared one of the interesting things about her early work is that a lot of it focused on poverty, child labor, the exploitation of women and labor legislation. on thest work appeared cover of the suffragist in june, 1914. from there, there was no looking back. cartoonsore than 150 over seven years. they appeared almost weekly and like most political cartoons, they were a commentary on

ongoing political issues. the news of the week with great news was to how that influenced by what's happening in the suffrage movement. here is one of her early works. inspiration of the suffrage workers and you can see how she is commenting on a lot of different ideas in his piece. she is talking about the importance of the vote as a way of changing the condition of the women. you can see her holding me child and the other girl is sitting in the street playing with a cat and there is trash surrounding her. this is obviously and him poverty area. so they are commenting on how the vote would change the ability for women to earn their own wages, protect their

children and move up in society having the right to vote or any voice and the laws eating made would allow them to do. we are going to make our way into the gallery. about 170 of her works. it's one of the only known collections of her works in the country. as far as i know, no other museum has any of her paintings or other works either. beginning in 1914, she was doing a lot of work on the condition of women. as the movement progressed and as the activism increased, they began a strategy they called holding the power -- the party in power responsible. that was the democratic party led by woodrow wilson.

so it often pinpointed symbols of the democratic party and more importantly, the main symbol which was the president. called piece, this is fairy godmother wilson and it was published on december fourth, 19 teen. utilizing thee is fairytale cinderella to make commentary about the power wilson wielded over the improvement and condition of women and the laws of the country as well. this woman is cinderella. the pumpkin is the constitutional amendment and the mice is the senate and house. spell to casting a make it possible for her to use vote for thoseo who represent her.

just as an aside in the background, you see the proud voting sisters indicating the face,omen in the western many western states at that point had the right to vote. the national women's party would start pinpointing those women to help vote as a block and vote the democratic party out of office. the title of this cartoon is lest we forget. one of the things important to is this idea that the national women's party always considerede to those mothers of the suffrage movement, including susan b anthony. this cartoon is featuring a line of women paying tribute to susan

b anthony who died before the suffrage amendment was passed but who introduced the original amendment in 1875. you see a group of women and children and you can see women who are college graduates. you see this tag here that says voter indicating western women voters who had the right to vote and then you see a lone woman walking up the steps of the capitol and that is when susan b anthony first introduced that amendment. the intent of this is to demonstrate how far we have come but how long we still have to go. this was fairly common for the national women's party and to pay tribute to the original suffragists and all of the work in progress women have made but also reminding them how far they still had to go. this we circle over to

cartoon called "our hat is in the ring." it was drawn and published on april 8, 1916. this is particularly representative of her belief that women needed to be presented with authority, strength and control. she created an image she called girl.lender this is a different image than many saw in images of suffrage and women who appeared in the press at that time. mock itrtoonists would by making women looked haggard or ugly or fraud in some way and allender turns that on its head and creates a useful, invigorated, intelligent woman. you can see in this image that she's very slender, her skirt is above her ankles, which is quite

different at the time. you can see the changing face of fashion. andhands are on her hips she throws her hat into the ring of politics. of see these comical images a progressive, a democrat and a republican all looking in wonderment at this woman who is strongly standing there saying i am moving in. the importance of this cartoon is the national women's party was originally founded as the congressional party for women's suffrage and change their name to the women's party in june of 1916. you can see them predicting what is about to happen within their party. so it was an important name because at times, they grappled with the idea of going beyond lobbying for the federal amendment to becoming a

in the sameayer vein as a democrat or republican. this cartoon is changing fashions that she's used to be satisfied with so little, published on march 13, 1915. this is an opportunity to comment on how they were targeting congress and this is talking about so many different things. you see the woman holding out her skirt saying national constitutional amendment in a very grand, ruffly skirt she's holding out and she's also wearing a hat that shows new , new jerseylvania and massachusetts, all states voting on suffered referendums in 1915. this is a way of lobbying for those states to receive mental suffrage.

on her skirt, she has west virginia and iowa, states that were voting at that time. but she is holding out the skirt and they are looking at her in bewilderment saying she used to be satisfied with so little. on thatee her focused , talking aboutnt how this continued to be state by state by state. reflects that in other ways as they approach the ratification of the amendment. her work began increasingly to states the idea that were still having to ratify this amendment and that could be a process that could hold them up. the national women's party created a banner in which they started selling stars.

by teen 20, they had 36 states on the banner. there is this iconic image of her unfurling the banner at headquarters and showing it for all the members. we no longer know what happened to that banner but we hope someone has it in their attic somewhere. there is also a great cartoon that shows them sewing the stars on the banner. it's continuing to reflect the state movement while showing the federal movement as well. this cartoon is called american justice. is this isting thing an image of her taking the image of democracy and patriotism -- it's uncle sam standing and turning it on its head a little

bit. you see uncle sam standing in front of this round and gag, helpless woman holding up a bouquet of flowers. women come american you are our inspiration, you give us our soldiers, you conserve our food, you work in our munitions factory, he serve wounded, except our bouquet. easy her bound with unequal thiss, unequal wages and kindly om it flowers robe. these are issues women still continue to grapple with today and this image is one of many that we use where she featured uncle sam, the democratic donkey, the republican elephant typical images of democracy to showcase how contradictory our country was

toward women. particularly during world war i where women focused on the fact that president wilson was lobbying for democracy abroad here in theing so united states and we are going to look at other cartoon that shows that issue. this one is called insulting the president and it was published on june 2, 1917. in january of 1917, the national women's party began picketing the white house through a sustained act of nonviolent or test. they were among the first group ever to this. every day, they would stand in front of the white house holding their banners that would basically speak for them, saying how long must women wait for liberty in talking about democracy in this country and using president wilson half

speeches and his words to show the contradictory nature of the direction of the united states. we entered world war i and their banners became more problematic they were seen as unpatriotic. this particular cartoon was ,ublished in june of 1970 the just before women started to be arrested. skirthows our girl, the above the ankle -- this is how women dressed when they were standing at the white house, so it reflects the reality of how they were on a daily basis and you see the banner that she is holding is a quote saying we shall fight for the things have always carried nearest our heart for democracy. w w down here at the bottom.

this was fairly typical. this was just before their being arrested and her work continues to reflect that over the next several months when the rest became violent. you see her work showing women in prison and other instances of the donkey and the elephant eating used to persecute women. up targetinging the party in power by using these banners and they picketed the white house and picketed congress and they took their banners across the country. they were lobbying against congress and a very national way. we are going to move across to which was published in 1920.

we are almost to the finish line. this one called training the animals. at this link, the amendment had been sent to the state for ratification and passage was, the hope was that passage was all but achieved. the democratic donkey and republican elephant standing there as the woman is holding a treat that says vote on it. training these animals to get used to the idea that women are answering the political idea and will exercise their right to vote. thisartoons emphasizing over and over again. this is one of the final times she employed the donkey and the elephant. : to thetoon is called women voters, stand by your

disenfranchised. is ann see this unfinished cartoon. this would have been the masthead of their publication and this is an instance of allender using imagery to make an impact. they oftentimes show women in this way, this particular woman wearing the flowing robes and blowing a horn. garner supporto from western women voters, to bring them together to vote as a block against the democratic party. the finished product actually looks very different once it was published. you can see they added slogans and pieces to the original drawings. she did the bones and the editors added additional context.

this is a great instance of showcasing her work. she would work with editors to define the focus for the cover and the editor would feed her information about the articles that would appear so that they would tie together nicely. greats case, there is a quote in this issue that talks the need for western women to stand up for the disenfranchised women across the united states. now in the feminist library at the belmont house, the first feminist library established in the united states in 1941. this is the primary place where we house our collection and even more orderly, we have all of our cartoons in this space. i have hold out a few to show

some additional facets of allender's work. this particular pieces fantastic. it's one of her earlier pieces and you can see that it is quite large. of a poster than any of her other work and you can really see the detail she put into this. this is one of those early pieces where she is talking about women workers, child labor, exploitation, the title is child saving is women's work, vote for women. it appeared in a june issue, june of 1913. you can see the factories in the background and the crowd and a line of women and children wrap but this is a great opportunity to talk about the materials that she is to create these works.

she often used graphite or charcoal to draw them. there are very few instances where she uses color in her work and i will show you a piece where she uses color but sometimes, she would use watercolor paints. piecestingly, with these , she was never picky about the kind of paper she used. it was obvious she would use whatever she has in the studio. sometimes you see that she started a work and didn't like it, so she would scratch it out and turn it over and use the same materials to start a new piece. it really varied the type of materials she would use to draw on. them, she would either draw them in her own studio at home or -- where there

are images of her drawing them there. them to theve editors of the suffragist and they would go through and editing process and should make recommendations on captions and sometimes the captions would be changed. they would make markings on the backs and these items would be put on to metal print blocks and it didn't matter how large or how small the items were, they always appeared to be about the same size once they were on the cover. piece andlose this show if you pieces that demonstrate the editing process. because of the different used, you can see this please has lit into overtime, so he gives a chance

to talk about how fragile these materials are. presentation is very difficult. sustained water damage, flaking and every time you handle one of these pieces, something will play golf. and they holes in them did not mean for them to survive as long as they have. we have a few additional works that show the editing process. quite a powerful drawing. you can see she is held by a representing the suffrage amendment here and

tore is a group writing in save democracy. i believe this is woodrow wilson the caption she chose is his last chance. if you flip it over, a lot of these have her original notes. in this case, she's addressing this to the editor, saying i'm sure you can come up with a better caption i have. shoulduggesting they think about the caption they want to use and rethink what her recommendation is. this is one of the pieces i mentioned where she uses color. she usesatercolor that on here and this is a fairly simple cartoon. the caption is 31 more days and

this would have been around the time it would have been published. daily had 31 more days before a to perhapsdeadline get suffrage past or have arguments held in congress. then you flip it over and there and shek the note lotcally says there's a behind the state and our members won't necessarily know what 31 days means, so we need to find a is to put more information about what the deadline means so our members will understand. this is her way of saying it not so simple. i think people are going to need a little more help.

is another great instance where you can see the pin holes in it. there are pin marks where they would these up on the wall and there's a great image of nina allender surrounded by her work where it's just hung all over the walls. there must be 25 or 30 pieces, but they did not see these as long-lasting preserved pieces. this was something they had to do every week. this was her job and she worked very hard to make it happen quickly and get it to the editor so they could add it to the issue. talk about the cartoons she did once they won the right to vote and started working toward the equal rights amendment.

this particular piece is called protection and one of the early issues of national party was is protectionlot of women so how the cool rights amendment would lend it self to the protection of women trying raise their children, independence for mothers who were not married were widowed mothers, he will pay, -- equal pay, that is demonstrating how the all rights amendment will lend self to increase protection for women. one of the opposing arguments was the detective labor legislation would be negatively impacted. one would have also been published around 1923 or 1924. they are presenting to susan b

anthony the bill of rights and the image is not caption here but it would have then in the equal rights magazine and susan b anthony is going down the list of rights saying you still have a lot of work to do. the nationalist party fully believe that. nina allender said cartooning gave her a sense of power nothing else did. intended tok she become a political cartoonist. she was an artist and painter and always believe that was her past but over the course of more than 10 years, she ended up drawing more than 200 cartoons for the national women's party -- images that resonated with women. importantctive became to the overall success of the

national women's party. facets of thether work they were doing was dedicated to getting their message out in the press, positive or negative and showcasing the strategy they were employed -- employing to bring this movement to a close. in 1920, when women won the right to vote, it makes sense that she turned round and continued to draw. theinued to work for women's party becoming chairman of the world women's party and chairman of their legal counsel. she delves into other areas in her later life and asked away in 1957 at the age of 80. to work today continues resonate with visitors and it is a draw for a lot of people who come here.

continues to she be not as well-known as she would like. we invite people to come and experience this hall of portraits in this community of women and the stories we are able to tell. nina allender, her work at one point was referred to like this -- a woman speaking to women in the language of women about women. that remains true today. here in the hall of portraits, we invite you to come in and experience our selfie station where you can come and see your self as a future leader and empower your sons and daughters to continue to fight for women's ofality and be a part women's empowerment and activity in politics. the house is open thursday, friday and saturday from 11:00

until 4:00 and we invite you to take a tour. >> you can watch this and other american artifacts programs by visiting our website at c-span.org/. >> next, the keynote address from an oregon state university conference titled "rethinking grand strategy. it is a critical look at the u.s. cold war strategy. the professor argues many american leaders used an alarmist and excessively military strategy to combat communist and despite what was a lack of an imminent threat to the u.s. won the 2013s look pulitzer prize for history and the 23rd teen francis parkman

prize. this program is about 80 minutes. have are very fortunate to the professor here with us tonight. he's the professor of international affairs at harvard university at the kennedy school and professor of history, a specialist on u.s. foreign relations and 20th century international history and was the previous assessor of history at cornell where i had the history of first meeting him for he is also the sort of figure who is in credibly generous with his time. he is the kind of colleague we want and looks out for junior scholars, people just making their way in the academy. he's also the editor of nine books including a personal favorite of