who really are the ones who make the things happen that i'm talking about. drew knapp who is the head of our office of engineering and technology. john wilkins who is the head of our wireless bureau. and my colleague, larry strickling, we work like this with larry on spectrum policy. there are so many familiar faces and friends in the audience, and i'm going to make the terrible decision to call out a couple. first is my good friend and former colleague, ron nessin, who it's a real pleasure to see you sitting here, ron. we haven't seen each other for a long time. the other is hiding back in the back is the man who started the spectrum revolution at the fcc. former chairman, reid hunt. it was back in 1994 that this

crazy idea of opening up more spectrum, creating more opportunity and building what we will be talking about today began and that was under reid's leadership. but i am most pleased and most surprised to find karen smith in the audience today. karen had to change her name from karen wheeler, but my sister from annapolis who is no stranger to telecom issues, herself, having been the executive director of techcore which was that great operation that followed through -- remember netday? okay. and then, okay, we've pulled all the fiber through the schools, now what do we do? and karen organized volunteers throughout the country and i was always proud of her in what she did in that. you know -- [ applause ] yes. you know, a few months ago, i

find myself in a situation that i never would have imagined when i became fcc chairman. i was in dallas, texas. i was at the helm of an excavator, a big piece of heavy machinery digging up dirt. and for those of you who want a picture that's seen in your mind, yes, i was wearing a suit. i was also wearing a pair of virtual reality goggles and i hadn't left the fcc. and while i may have been in washington physically, i can tell you, i was at the excavation site in dallas, 1,400 miles away. i sat in the mock-up of the excavator and i had complete

control sensitivity to the equipment 1,400 miles away. now, granted, digging up dirt in dallas probably isn't high on the list of transformational advancements that will define the 21st century. but i want you to think of something. why don't you replace the heavy machinery with a scalpel so that a world-class surgeon can move from hospital to hospital without leaving her surgical suite. or how about students sitting in a classroom taking a virtual tour inside the human body? now, we all heard of amazing things, stories like that in the past, but making these kinds of

activities possible without a fat cable, leading to the virtual reality headset could not be accomplished because of three limiting factors. one, the speed of the wireless connection. we all know the difference in performance of a direct fiber connection compared to a wireless connection. the next generation of wireless must be mobile fiber. 10 to 100 times faster than what we're used to today. second limiting issue is responsiveness. the surgeon's scalpel needs to be immediately responsive. not a blink later. the technical folks call this latency. it currently averages an ten

milliseconds or 1/100th of a second. that may sound pretty fast to you and me, but it's a snails pace in computing. latency needs to be less than one millisecond. less than 1/1,000th of a second. the third limiting factor is spectrum capacity. if you're going to have that kind of high-speed latency, you have to have the ability for digital information to race down broad chunks of spectrum. multiples of what we know today. so to overcome these challenges

and to seize the opportunity before us, we need the next generation of wireless connect ivity. a fifth generation, or 5g. if the united states is going to continue to be a world leader in wireless, we need to speed the deployment of 5g here on our shores. the virtual reality example that i gave is but one sample of the effects of high-speed, low-latency connectivity. and while -- and why american leadership in 5g must be a national priority. that v.r. example that i gave you was just one example of how the driving force of the 21st

century will be powerful processing centralized in the cloud and wirelessly connected to thin clients. autonomous vehicles will be controlled in the cloud. smartcity century grids, transportation networks and water systems will be controlled in the cloud. immersive education and entertainment will come from the cloud. but such futures won't come to pass unless the pathway to and from the cloud is low latency, ultra fast and secure. now, if we've learned anything in the generational march through wirelesslessle connecti

it's that we have always underestimated the renovation that would result from new generations of wireless networks. the first generation wireless, 1g, was voice. in the early 1980s, mckackenzie told at&t there would be 9 00,000 cell phone subscribers by the turn of the century. turns out there were 109 million. they were only off by a factor of 100 or so. the second generation, 2g, allowed both talk and text but no one understood the power of text. from shifting the way an entire group, teenagers, would communicate, to a developing world tool for banking the unbanked, innovators seized on new capability of texting in unimaginable ways.

the third generation, 3g, married wireless and digital networks to open the door to connecting with other new tech -- the other new technological development of the time, the internet, in a limited way. and today's technology, 4g, completed that digital migration, enabling higher speeds for sophisticated applications including video. again, greater capability in the network led to unanticipated innovation. without 4g, there would not have been uber or snapchat or instagram, or the list keeps going on. but i've listed some examples earlier, a moment ago, about what 5g makes possible. but if anyone tells you that they know the details of what 5g

is going to become, run the other way. because it is the capacity to use this new capability that will determine what our future looks like. yes, 5g will connect the internet of everything. if something can be connected, it will be connected in the 5g world. but the predictions -- but with the predictions of hundreds of billions of microchips connected in products from pill bottles to plant waterers, you can be sure of only one thing. the biggest internet of things, application, has yet to be imagined. yes, 5g will connect the unconnected and compete with the uncompetitive. millions of americans can't

access high-speed connectivity because it's too costly to run the fiber to their home. verizon rceo mcadam has begun speaking about using 5g to expand high-speed to rural areas. and fiber fast wireless connectivity will deliver the long-sought goal of competitive high-speed internet access for consumers. but let's stop the imagining for a moment. here's the key. the interconnected world that we live in today is the result of decisions made a decade ago. the interconnected world of the future will be the result of decisions we must make today.

and that is 5g is a national priority. and why this thursday, i am circulating to my colleagues proposed new rules that will identify and open up vast amounts of spectrum for 5g applications. we call it the spectrum frontier's proceeding and we will vote on it on july 14th. our 5g proposal, excuse me, is the final piece in the spectrum trifecta of low band, mid band, and high band airwaves that will open up unprecedented amount of spectrum, speed the rollout of next generation wireless networks and redefine network connectivity for years to come. i'm confident that the actions will lead to a cornucopia of unanticipated, innovative uses and will generate tens of billions of dollars in economic

activity. but let's revisit that spectrum strategy for a moment. rural number one, is that the technology should drive the policy rather than the policy drive the technology. and technology for 5g is not one thing, it is many things. the marriage of moore's law and wireless connectivity involves smart antenna systems, new efficient trans mission formats low energy systems, network virtualization and much, much more. and on the spectrum side, these technologies require new access to spectrum in multiple bands. the wireless future will not be a one-size-fits-all future.

so our spectrum trifecta begins with low band spectrum that is optimal for wide area coverage applications. at this very moment, we're in the midst of the world's first incentive auction to make green field low band spectrum available. the broadcasters have stepped up to bring spectrum to the market. shortly, the wireless industry will have the opportunity to fulfill their repeated requests for more spectrum with this beach-front spectrum. mid band spectrum is kind of the jan brady of the spectrum world. you know, the overlooked middle child. but its characteristics enable an order of magnitude increase in spectrum efficiency. the commission's recent aws3 and

new citizens broadband radio service in 3.5 gighert are landmark in using sharing tools to open up new mid band spectrum and we need to continue looking for other mid band opportunities. and it's high band spectrum that will be the focus of our actions next month. these bands, high bands, offer huge swaths of spectrum for super fast data rates with low latency and are now becoming unlocked because of technological advances in computing and antennas. if the commission approves my proposal next month, the united states will be the first country in the world to open up high band spectrum for 5g networks

and applications. and that's damn important. because it means that u.s. companies will be the first out of the gate. we will be repeating the formula that made the united states the world leader in 4g. it's a simple formula. lead the world in spectrum availability, encourage and protect innovation driving competition, and stay out of the way of technological development. unlike some countries, we do not believe that we should spend the next couple of years studying what 5g should be or how it should operate and how to allocate spectrum based on those assumptions. like the examples i gave earlier, the future has a way of inventing itself.

turning innovators loose is far preferable to expecting committees and regulators to define the future. we won't wait for the standards to be the first -- to be first developed in the sometimes arduous standards-setting process or in government-led activity. instead, we will make ample spectrum available and then rely on a private sector-led process for producing technical standards best suited for those frequencies and use cases. leadership in networks leads to leadership in uses which quickly moves across borders. so a result of this national leadership is the creation of a home-field advantage similar to what we knew in 4g. but the main value of 5g will

not be found in work share intellectual property. the main value of 5g by orders of magnitude will be in consumption rather than production. it will be in material gains and improvements in the quality of life and economic opportunity. and i would also emphasize that the development of 5g is not anything like an international zero-sum game. rather, it's a contest in which everyone can win. our success and that of others redounds to the benefit literally of everyone in the world. we're already seeing industry gearing up to seize this opportunity. i have seen 5g hardware and firmware. the technology is here.

it is also important, however, to recognize that 5g technology will be a constant evolution. it would be a mistake to think that 5g can be frozen in a snapshot. it's more like a video. with many new scenes all building on each other. the systems and standards for 5g will be continually improving and evolving. and on the network side, verizon and at&t tell us they'll begin deploying 5g trials in 2017. and these efforts will, of course, help inform the standards process by putting stakes in the ground. and the first commercial deployments they're talking about are expected in 2020. this timeline requires that we act to pave the path today.

with the new rules that i am proposing in our spectrum frontier's order, we take our most significant step yet down the path to our 5g future. the big game changer is the 5g will use much higher frequency bans than previously thought viable for mobile broadband and other applications. such millimeter wave signals have physical properties that are both a limitation and a strength. they tend to travel best in narrow and straight lines and they do not go through physical objects as well. this means that very narrow signals in an urban environment tend to bounce around buildings and other obstacles making it difficult to connect to a moving point. but birilliant engineers have developed new antennas that can aim and amplify signals coupled

with sophisticated processing that allows a moving device to pick up all the signals that are bouncing around and create one coherent connection. now to make this work, the 5g buildo build-out is going to be very infrastructure intensive. requiring massive deployment of small cells. but it also opens up unpress dented opportunities for frequency reuse in denser, more localized networks. the ability to use this high frequency spectrum opens much bigger chunks of spectrum. current blocks of licensed low band spectrum are usually five to 10 megahertz in width. with 5g, however, we're talking about blocks of spectrum that

are at least 200 megahertz in width and will allow the networks to carry much more traffic per user. gig bits of fthroughput. the key point here is by opening up higher frequency bans we're making available more license spectrum for mobile than in the cumulative history dating back to reid hunt that the fcc has heretofore made available. >> at this point in the program, there were some audio issues with the microphones at the national press club, so we lost a moment or two of tom wheeler's comments. >> would be advantageous for the satellite and mobile industries to come together to propose realistic ideas for their co-existence in the upper bands and to do so quickly.

satellite and terrestrial stakeholders have suggested a range of sharing options and the draft spectrum front tiier's or seeks to address the needs of both parties. i am confident that we will adopt rules that will enable satellite, terrestrial, and federal operations to co-exist and thrive. to make sure that we have this connectivity with high band spectrum will require a lot more small cells which means a lot more antenna setting decisions by local governments. that's why it's important that the commission has strengthened our environmental and historical preservation rules and tightened our shot clock for siting application reviews. america's local governments will play an important role in determining how we fulfill this national priority. in addition, all these small cells need to be connected. so we'll need a lot more. that's a challenge that we're going to address through our proceeding on business data

services. the kind of dedicated access that wireless providers need to connect cell towers and antennas to their networks. these back call networks, these back call connections can be as much as 30% of the cost of operating a wireless network. and with the additional sites required to support the use of millimeter wave spectrum, that percentage is likely to increase to as much as 50%. but in many areas, competition in the supply of back call remains limited and can translate into higher prices for wireless networks then higher prices for consumers. lack of competition doesn't just hurt the deployment of wireless networks today. it threatens as well the delay of the build-out of 5g networks with the demand for many, many more back haul connections to many, many more antenna.

before the end of this year, the commission will take up a reform proposal supported by all the nation's leading wireless carriers, save one, that will encourage innovation and investment in business data services while ensuring the lack of competition in some places can n cannot be used to hold 5g hostage. as we build the next-generation network, a lesson learned from our previous experiences is that it must be secure. so this is the third leg of the stool. new platforms, systems, software and technologies will mean new vulnerabilities. cyber security issues must be addressed during the design phase of the entire 5g ecosystem including devices. this will place a premium on

collaboration amongst all stakeholders. we continue to prefer an approach that emphasizes that industry develop cyber security standards just as we have done in the wired networks. but security is an essential component of where we go on networks and we'll have the ability to think about it first as a forethought rather than an afterthought. so in conclusion, in the spirit of the election season, i thought i'd close these remarks by referencing a campaign speech from the 6os. now, a lot of my friends here think i'm going to be talking about the 18 f60s. but actually i'm talking about the 1960s because on july 15th, 1960, john f. kennedy strolled to the podium to accept the democratic nomination for president and he famously

challenged the american people to be pioneers of a new frontier. he spoke of harnessing the power of technological -- of the technological revolution and exploring unchartered areas of science and space. jfk's vision charted a path that took us to the moon and laid out the foundation of the internet. this july 14th, 56 years less 1 day from when jfk talked about the new frontier, we will have the opportunity to take a historic step to open up yet another frontier that promises to propel our nation and the world forward. once again, we're looking to the sky to unlock new discoveries and unleash american ingenuity.

we're the pioneers of a new spectrum frontier. working together, we can write this next chapter in the mobile revolution. a revolution that has already transformed our lives and society. working together, we can unleash new waves of innovation and discovery that we have yet to imagine. thank you very much. [ applause ] >> thank you, mr. chairman. i'll note i'll use the wireless microphone, you can have the hard wired. >> it's not fast enough. this is the problem. >> tell me, for the american consumers not in this room right now, it may seem that 4g is just in its infancy. we've just seen television ads

in the last year or so about that. why is 5g so urgently important? >> it's a great question, tommy, and it goes back, i had one line that really deserves further explanation. all of the things that powerful computing makes possible can't be done on the chip, on a handset. they have to be moved to a centralized place that we have now come to call the cloud. so that the work gets done up there in the cloud and it is connected to the less powerful computing power in our handsets or, as i said, our pill bottles or automatic watering systems. and that connection is what 5g is all about it. has to be fast. it has to be latency-free.

and it has to be secure. and if we can't move at high speeds between that power and its use, then we will not be able to bring that power into our hands and other places. >> that leads to the next question which is, you've talked about the cloud quite a bit here. how concerned are you about cyber terrorism and are we doing enough to prevent it as we move forward? >> so, i think we have to recognize that networks have always been a pathway for attack. i don't care whether they were roads or waterways, all right, it's always been a path for attack. and so the current networks are no different which places on those who build and operate the networks and those who oversee that activity a special responsibility. under the leadership of admiral dave simpson, we have moved forward aggressively with a

program that works with those who are running networks to meet agreed to performance standards, if you will, as to how you secure those networks and then to have the ability to check that that's happening and the ability to, from that experience, be able to share with everybody else. we have been playing catch-up ball. the issue is, look at this, my phone's ringing. this -- this is the power of the connected network, folks. the ever-connected network. the issue is that -- that we now, with 5g, know the threat and have an opportunity to address it from the get-go. >> okay. we talked about how the united states is leading when it comes

to 5g. what are other countries doing and how do we maintain that leadership spot compared to europe or somewhere else? >> so, the european union, china, japan and south korea have all signed a memorandum of understanding that they would all work together to develop 5g. the european union has put up 700 million euros to do 5g research. as i referenced in my remarks, we think that's the wrong way to go. we think that -- that making the spectrum available and standing out of the way of technology development is far better than, well let's sit around and wait until we decide what it's going to do and then make the spectrum available and let's micromanage the technology process. that's not the way that we're going to be approaching it.

>> are there lessons to be learned from the rollout of 4g technology in the u.s. and elsewhere that will apply to the start of 5g? >> sure, there are lots of them, not the least of which is the wireless network relies on base stations. they're going to have more base stations than ever before. and the wireless network relies on wired connection which is why we're moving on this proceeding to make sure that those connections are charged for fairly and are competitive. you know, the interesting thing about moving from 3g to 4g was it was kind of like throwing a switch and, okay, we're moving over here to new spectrum, there's a whole any set of expectations. i think 5g, as i said, is not

going to be a one-size-fits-all. it's going to be multiple pieces of spectrums, multiple technologies and constantly be evolving. i thif we can follow the 4g playbook how we get national leadership and that's why it's a national priority. the 5g execution on that playbook becomes one of constant innovation, constant improvement that american technology can lead the way in. >> as i was talking about when we started question time, americans and consumers are just finally seeing what 4g may offer. it seems like there's a lot of talk about what 5g is. is this a branding exercise you're starting now, and do you think we'll be able to identify what 5g is to consumers? >> you know, i had -- i was asked that question at an international conference in barcelona last year and barcelona is the home of the

picasso museum and i'd just been there and i said, you know, 5g is kind of like a picasso. different people look at it and see different things. but the fact of the matter is that 5g is this high-speed, low-latency connectivity that is crucial to whether or not we're going to be able to exploit the increased processing power that is offered us by the crowd. >> you're taking action this summer, july 14th, i think you said, but when will the spectrum actually be in consumers' devices? when will consumers actually notice this technology? >> well, as i said, i think we're going to see some trials in 2017 and rollout into some markets in 2020 which, again, is a schedule that will put us ahead of the world. >> okay. you just referenced the moonshot. talk to me about what most excites you. what do you think is the most pe exciting thing about the opportunities may exist under a

5g network? >> wow, tommy. as my friend, ron, knows, i'm a huge history buff, and i actually have looked at a hobby of studying the history of networks and i think there's one truth that comes out of the history of networks and that is that it is never the principle technological change that is transformational but it's the secondary effects of that. what i was trying to say is we don't know what the secondary effects are going to be. we got some ideas. we don't know what they're going to be. when you take that incredible -- i keep pointing to the cloud up here. that incredible processing power up in the cloud, and you make it available on a mobile distributed basis down to the ultimate user, the ultimate, you know, you. i know i didn't envision uber

out of 4g. >> you probably wish you had. >> back in my venture capital days, i wish i had. i know there are things we can't envision now, but they are -- let me give you one example that fascinating -- i was out in silicon valley last week. here's a statistic i learned. we hear an awful lot about the connected car, right? all the activity for the connected car is going to happen up here in the cloud because my car is going to have to know where your car and john's car and the school bus that's coming through, and all of this information is going to be, has to be processed, real serious processing capability up here in the cloud because you can't do it just down here in the car unless you want to put a huge computer in the trunk. and the average household, today, uses about 50 gig of digital throughput.

i was told that a connected car -- in a month. i was told that a connected car uses 50 gig a day. and we need the throughput to be able to handle that kind of demand. >> okay. i'm from a very small town originally in utah, rural area. how does that translate to beyond urban areas, to areas that may not have even 4g yet? >> the problem with our current distribution is that it's expensive to run the cable or the fiber out to remote areas. we have a subsidy program that helps carriers get over that, but it's still a significant expense and there are still significant areas that you referenced that aren't covered. wireless is helpful in getting there. important in getting there. but has lower speeds and can be

more costly. but as i said, verizon is talking quite seriously about using these focused high-speed broadbandwidth shots into rural areas to be able to deliver the equivalent of fiber to your home for a price that is far more competitive and realistic than what we've seen heretofore. >> people who don't cover technology like myself are probably sitting here wondering this exact question, how are you able to create new rules for a technology that does not yet exist? >> that is the $64 question and what is at the heart of what we're trying to do. we are not going to create rules for the technology. we are going to open up the spectrum. we are going to make sure that the innovation that is driven by competition is protected and promoted and we are going to

say, we're not in the spectrum -- we're not in the technology rules decision, have at it. >> one last question on 5g. you were at the helm of the wireless industry when it went from being a specialized service to a ubiquitous and indispensable part of everyday life for consumers and businesses. how does the next evolution relate to your experience? and are we on the brink of something entirely new and different? >> you ain't seen nothing yet. i think that's a yes. >> i'm assuming. >> truly, i -- you transform the nature of connectivity to mobile, high-speed connectivity, and, you know, innovation is always about unanticipated applications and i think we're

going to see them by the boatload. that's a technical term, boatload. >> boatload. gotcha. thank you. the d.c. circuit court last week upheld -- >> i thought you'd never get around to that. >> i've been trying to talk about 5g. >> golly. >> the d.c. circuit court last week upheld controversial net neutrality rules, a big win for the commission. with the success, will you now publicly mitt to st lly commit n as fcc chairman next year to pave the way for your colleague jessica rosen wers l's senate confirmation? >> you know, i think the reality is this, that commissioner rosenwersel ought to be confirmed standing on her own. that i understand that it is tradition for fcc chairmen to -- for the incoming president to

have an opportunity to name the new fcc chairman. and i have told the senate when i was asked this question in a hearing that as a fellow who studies history, i understand the precedent and i respect the precedent. and let's see what happens. there's a little thing going to happen in november and let's see what happens then. >> we'll get to november in a second. do you think the fcc will revisit its decision not to regulate internet rates in the wake of the net neutrality decision from the d.c. circuit? >> yeah, we're very clear in saying that we are forebearing from the regulation and the need to file tariffs and all this sort of stuff and that's not changing. >> presidential candidate donald trump has said he will reverse your net neutrality regulation. if he wins and limits fcc's authority, what impact will that have on consumers?

>> we are -- we've just been talking about the spectrum future, the connectivity future, and how this country maintains national leadership. there are three components. spectrum must be fast. that's what we were talking about all through here. increased speeds. access to spectrum must be fair. we need to make sure that in rural utah people are connected so they can enjoy the benefits and access to spectrum has to be open. because access to networks has to be open, because we can't stand in a position where there are gatekeepers who are deciding

what will or will not be offered to consumers. we're leading and we'll continue to lead the world because our networks are open and will remain open for innovators to use without permission, for consumers to be able to access anybody they want, any place they want to go on the web, without permission. without blocking. without throttling. without paid priorization and with full transparency so both the consumer and edge provider know just what the heck they're getting. >> and you didn't use the words donald trump at all in answering that. half week a coalition provided the commission an alternative

set box top proposal that will allow consumers to ditch cable boxes altogether, and the copyright concerns raised about fcc's proposed approach. are you open to compromise and collaboration moving forward with these companies? >> i think it's absolutely terrific that the cable industry came forward with this proposal. i'd been asking them to do this and i think that by coming forward, they indicated that a lot of the arguments that had been put up against our set top box, free the box proposal, really fell by the wayside. the copyright can be protected. the consumer privacy can be protected. that small networks can continue to thrive and that you don't have to rebuild the network in order to do this.

so i think that what they've done is say, yes, that is -- that the approach that the fcc suggested is an approach that can be taken. and what i'm interested in now is engaging in constructive dialogue with them on the specifics of just how do you write the regulations to achieve that? you know, there have multiple times in the past been situations where the industry has said they would do similar kinds of things and it never came to pass. let's make it come to pass now. the 99% of american consumers have no choice but to pay the monthly set top box fee. that runs an average of 230 bucks per household per year. the congress said there needs to be choice.

the section 629 of the communications act says the fcc shall, not may or should think about, the fcc shall provide that there are competitive navigation devices for consumers and we're going to followthrough on that statute. >> besides the set top boxes, your other big priority at the commission has been business data services. an you can you explain what are the problems with these services and what are you going to do? >> so, so it's a really arcane area that we actually tried to change the name. it used to be called special access because it was a way in which -- in which a carrier sells to another party usually another carrier. a specific quality guaranteed delivery of service. and the competition in that, you know, we follow the rule that,

you know, competition, competition, competition. as competition increases, regulation should decrease. what we're trying to do is to look at the bds market and say, how do we apply those same kind of concepts because this is a market that hasn't been revisited by the commission in a dozen years and a few things have changed in technology over those dozen years. and so we're going to revisit those, but as i said in my remarks, it is absolutely essential that we do this because this is going to be -- the 5g wireless future is going to move on wired networks. and those wired networks, if not competitive, need to at least be fairly priced. >> paid tv providers are famous for their poor customer service. in fact, it's so poor that the senate will investigate it at a hearing this week. is there anything the fcc or congress can do to force companies like comcast to

respond to customer complaints faster? >> so, i think it's great that the senate is going to have a hearing this. the complaints we hear from consume serz legion. as we look at the scope of authority that's congress has given us, however, it is limited in this area. i have a few announcements. the national press club is the world's leading professional organization for you journalists. we fight for a free press worldwide. for more information about the club, visit www.press.org. i also like to remind you about upcoming program. tomorrow, michael middleton, university of missouri system interim president will speak here. wednesday, labor secretary tom perez will join us. on june 30, national

transportation safety board chairman hart will address the club and july 14, admiral mike rogers, director of the national security agency will speak at the press club luncheon. i would like to present our guest with the traditional national press club mug. >> perfect. >> thank you. >> it's not wireless. >> there really is one last question. >> one last question, sorry. i'm going to make it a tough one, actually. public officials are supposed to feel the public's pain. that being the case, can you tell us any personal stories about any nightmare encounters with customer service representatives of verizon, comca comcast, or other telecommunications firms? >> is there something a little

stiffer i can put in here? >> we hear from consumers all the time about this. and, yes. public officials are real people who have real on going experiences, too. my most recent experience like that was less with a customer service rep and more with my wife calling me and saying the irs was after us. because there had been a spoofing incident where what's been happening increasingly is that fraudsters, principally from abroad, are using the internet to connect over here. and call random numbers and

announce to them that the irs and, you know, i need to be paid and here's where you send the check and all of this sort of thing. so that happened us to. and, b, last week, we started getting threatening phone calls. from an individual who had been himself on the receiving end but the phone number was my phone number. okay? this is something that is a legitimate concern. this is something that there are individuals that can be held responsible for this and one

thing we're trying to do is figure out exactly the right way to go after this is. but we're not going to sit around and suck eggs while this goes on. [ applause ] >> thank you. thank you for being here. we are adjourned.

coming up wednesday morning, california democratic congressman mike thompson will join us to discuss the legislative strategy in the house to push gun control legislation in the wake of the orlando shooting. washington examiner jason

russell looks at current issues in the donald trump campaign including fund-raising and recent staff changes. and kristina marcos, reporter for the hill previews wednesday's meeting on capitol hill between hillary clinton and house democrats. it's their first meeting since she became the presumptive democratic nominee. be sure to watch c-span's washington journal beginning live at 7:00 a.m. eastern wednesday morning. join the discussion. this saturday at 8:00 p.m. eastern on lectures in history. >> about it end of the 1880s, you have a dramatic upsurge, a tremendous surge in veterans organizations, in the membership in these organizations and in the statues that they create. >> university of georgia

professor scott nesbit discusses the on going debate over war monuments and memorials and how many were the result of campaigns by southern women during the reconstruction era and into the late 19th century. then sunday morning at 10:00 on "road to the white house rewind" -- >> in 1976 mr. carter said trust me and people did and now they're out of work. >> the alternative is the biggest tax give away in history. they call it reagan raw. i call it a free lunch that americans cannot afford. >> the 1980 republican and democratic conventions with former california governor ronald reagan becoming the gop nominee and jimmy carter accepting the democratic nomination. the smithsonian space museum

will commemorate the 40th anniversary. >> in 1976, we were wrapping up a golden age of human exploration with the appall low missions to the moon. and we were launching them the first golden age of exploration. we went to mars and to the outer planets. we're now in another golden age of planetary exploration, particularly on mars. >> we tour the museum with valerie neo, head of the space history department and learn about the story of human space exploration from the moon to mars. and at 8:00 on the presidency, james rosebush, former deputy assistant to president reagan and awe thofr the book, true reagan, what made ronald reagan great and why it matters. >> i've come to see that -- and