would not be would get around them. questions? thank you for coming up. -- out. [applause]

>> or foreign policy which we don't debate whether it is good or bad. canal, his vision for wasica given his time extremely progressive. something that i think affects everybody, 95 years after his death. there are still tons of documentaries, tons of books written about him. fascinating and dynamic. he's a guy who overcomes the tragic death of his wife. and and goes on to achieve great things. and that's a story that sometimes i think is hard.

if you want to see the house, yet to go with the guy. we have given them throughout the door. -- day. here begins inl 1853. cornelius and his wife margaret, they had five sons. around the same time in 1853, two of their sons were getting married, their son robert and their son theodore. so what better wedding present to get your son but a house each. 26 east 20th, which you have to imagine was opposite this wall over here, was robert roosevelt house. 28 east 20th was theodore's. our president was the second child born here. he had an older sister, he was around october 27, 1858 and lived here for the first 14

years of his life. in 1872 his parents decided time for the family to move. in 1872, they decided to move to the country the country was fifth avenue and 57th street. kind of hard to imagine now. they traveled in traditional fashion, they vacationed for a whole year while their new home was being built. he sails the nele and is getting all these worldly experiences, he's 14 and doles a cultural -- is developing a cultural awareness. when they return they return to their brand image and. so once roosevelt left this site in 1872, at the age of 14, as far as we know, he never returned to the house again. the the original house unfortunately went through some changes over the years. i'm going to show you some historical photos to help you picture some of those changes.

the first photograph dates back to around 1890's. and you can see there was a store front facade and a set of bay windows added to the building. but it's still the original home, and the property next-door where you see the cafe would actually be uncle robert's house right next door. this house was owned by various owners throughout the years. in 1916 the property goes up for sale once more, bear in mine roosevelt is alive in 1916, he's living in oyster bay, long island, which is also a national historic site today. and he has no interest in going back to his wife at home. because in 1916 the gentleman that purchases the property demolishes the house. and this idea of historic preservation wasn't a priority in there was no one chaining 1916. themselves to the building saying save tr's home. in 1916 the original building is

demolished and this two-story gets put up on this site. notice a couple things about this photograph. you see the two-story building here on the location where his house once was. you also in the the uncle's house is still standing right next to her. if we zoom in, you'll notice that the original building left a shadow on the wall of the building just east of us. so so when the idea of commemorating theodore roosevelt's achievements, when that was spoken about, this is after his death, he dies january 6, 1919. shortly after his death prominent women in new york prominent women in new york, formed the women's roosevelt's memorial association. we call it wr ma. they got together and decided roosevelt was worthy of a memorial of some type. so six months later the women in his family get on board. so the so the women had knew the president most intimately are active in this idea of

preserving his memory. so we have his two sisters, alice and -- pardon me, anna and karen. they lived here as well. his second wife, edith, who also spent a great deal of time here as a child because she grew up just south of us, his daughters and his niece. his niece was the most famous roosevelt woman of them all, eleanor roosevelt. they decide it would be nice to rebuild his birth place. so this so this is how the site looked. the uncle's house next-door and this two-story building when this idea of memorializing roosevelt came about. so they purchased both properties, they commissioned a female architect, this is pretty amazing because in 1981 this is a progressive idea. interestingly was a survivor of the lusitania, she using the uncle's house, which is i den tlity cal, as a model for the museum in terms of architectural

details that really bring the house to live. then they tear down uncle robert's as well as the two-story building and combine both from the ground floor. so we opened up as a public building on what would have been officially on what would have been theodore roosevelt 65th birthday. the house was administered by the women until 1962 when it was dedicated the same day as the home in sagamore hill as part of the national park service. we're going to walk through five historic period rooms that reflect what life was like for theodore roosevelt when he lived here. 60% of the furnishings, artifacts are only to the family. we walk unimpeded, so just be mindful, no touching, no sitting, and we're going to stay in one room at a time. the first room we're entering is

known as the roosevelt library. roosevelt and his autobiography refers to the library as a room of gloomy respectability. death lighting. cold burning fireplace. horsehair furniture. horse hair wasn't very comfortable, for t.d., which was his thinking as a top. people like to refer to him as teddy roosevelt. but he actually hated being referred to as teddy. he accepted it from the public and he accepted it at political rallies and from the media. but as a child he was nicknamed t.d., as an adult he was referred to as the kernel. this is a great photograph of him. his total rough rider time was equivalent to about three months. but that was his preferred

mccain. roosevelt was consumed lots of books, various interests, natural history, adventure stories, tales of western adventure, people like davey crockett, daniel boone, george washington president lincoln, , most of the books in the family library are books the family would have owned and he would have had access to and read. as i mentioned, as you enter the room, the house is lit by gas lighting. from the chandelier you can see there's an extension rose down to the lamp, which is also original to the roosevelt home, that was to transport the gas for reading. beautiful pocket doors, the dumb waiter system, the home had all the modern amenities that were available at this part of the 19th century. the pocket doors are also a great example of the roosevelt family business. as a common question we get

here, obviously the roosevelts are doing pretty well for themselves, they are able toir fe sons. how did they make their money. it pays to get on the ground floor of anything in life, the roosevelts were very fortunate, they arrive around 1646. so by the time t.d. is born in 1858, they're well established both socially as well as financially on the island manhattan. they're there seven generation new yorkers. but they branch off and get involved in importing and exporting very fine glass. from from there the grandfather cornelius van check roosevelt or

>> at 42, keep in mind, he serves in the white house as the end is person to serve the president, and the only president born in new york city. most of the furniture you see on display is original to the family tree -- family. -- lithograph above we are going to make our way to the right, the front entrance. we are going to make our way to the second floor, to visit the bedrooms. keep in mind there are two more levels to the house. this is as far as we go today. directly above us are small offices and a conference room. above that is the auditory impurity the level where we are now, the nursery and master bedroom. if you look out the window, look at that beautiful view.

the 20e got to remember, story building was not back there, neither was the contemporary fire escape. that porch area was a home gym that his father had built for him to help roosevelt overcome his asthma. some think most people do not realize. they think of the robust demand, they do not think of the sickly, frail, wimpy kid, who had to overcome a severe illness at an early age. doctors recommended various remedies to cure his asthma. i have heard caffeine helps. other remedies were cigar smoke -- i do not know about cigar smoke. his dad took it upon himself, telling roosevelt, you have the mind, but the mind is limited without the body. and challenging him to build his body. that transformation, from sickly barrel chested, athletic, robust guy, starts right here off of the nursery.

here is a great historic photo, mid-transformation of roosevelt, preparing for a crew meet to when he was a student at harvard. moreis probably one of the -- photos. it is his father's motivation and inspiration to really help roosevelt overcome his illness. but his education was affected because of his asthma. he was homeschooled, initially , ahis mom's sister, anna portrait of her above the fireplace. she was a nanny and governess, the family storyteller. at a very young age, he grew up knowing about his ancestry. they were hunters, politicians, they were very active. --sevelt

and i tutored the kids around five or six years old, and then the children were privately tutored. his first formal education was attending harvard. academically, socially, that would come with some adjustments. the nursery was used by all the children. they would eventually upgrade to their own bedrooms. we also have some turn-of-the-century exercise equipment, turn-of-the-century medicine ball, a set of clubs, to give you an idea of the type of equipment roosevelt would have had access to as a child. gymnastics equipment, parallel bars, things of that nature, to help him build up his body. we have an outcome back connects to the master bedroom. that connects to the master bedroom. this is the room roosevelt was born in. all the furniture is

custom-made, a price tag of $3000 in 1865, which back then was a tremendous amounts. rosewood trim. a beautiful portrait directly above the fireplace. being a southern belle, 17 years old, moving to new york city, came with some adjustments. i mentioned her husband was called upon to go fight. this took a toll, as one could imagine. -- one thing that sort of wednesday -- when the opportunity presented itself, on the outbreak of the spanish-american he resigned from his cushy desktop to go we do charge with the rough riders. her in the spanish-american war. ultimately, he emerges as a war

hero and here a famous photograph of him with his men on top of capitol hill. hill.tle he comes back from cuba and is very popular. he is governor of next date for a short time. does antitrust legislation that he will continue as president. gets him a lot of enemies. a of these republicans got together to, with its great plan to oust him. placehought it fitting for him with to remove him to the vice presidency of the united states. he was reluctant to accept the nominee -- nomination. that -- it works out well for him and also much for president mckinley was assassinated. was selectedevelt

as president. he got elected and then runs on its own term which in the back of his mind was a big political relief as he always viewed himself as a clinical asset. -- political asset. he is on rushmore. memorialses .hroughout the country he did not start the national parks service. declared many sites national maintenance -- monuments. but the park service was not established until president wilson. he had the vision and the ironic twist, he is a city kid with a vision of conservation. kid manner that was a rich named the trust buster. he the first american to be awarded the nobel peace prize

for the peace treaty between russia and japan. invited booker t washington to the white house. for some african american had dinner with the president of the united states. progressive president. he is loved by the american public. he wins in a landslide and makes a public statement that he would not run for president in 1908 so steps down, supported by william howard taft. he ends up running against taft in 1912. splitting the republican ticket and making history. the all time in american presidential election and independent has come in second place. he beats out eugene debs from a socialist candidate. beat-up taft. people joked that taft was an acronym for take advice from theodore. he also makes history when he

makes a speech in milwaukee, did you see the cert -- shirt? the speech was on display in the lower gallery and amazingly the bullet pierces the cocktail -- hits his speech, lodges into his chest and roosevelt as well read. said he could read two books a day. had a photographic memory and five newsletter -- later, still has appeared he was a spirit hunter. -- experienced hunter. he did not call for blood and he realized the wound must be superficial. he relies the importance of this. in terms of public relations moment. he addresses the audience and he says it takes a lot more than a bullet to stop a bull moose. he never has the bullet removed and i will share with you a copy of the new york times headline in the day after the

assassination attempt. maniac in milwaukee shoots colonel roosevelt, ignores wind, speaks in our and goes to hospital. , he looks atagine the opportunity for the next adventure. then he explored the amazon in brazil with his son. an uncharted portion. old was on57 years his best decision for hands of getting very sick on the trip and contract malaria. life,n really saves his never fully recovers the last four years of his life. he's pretty sickly, in and out of hospitals much he does do some writing and editing. he does attempt to raise another regiment for world war i which he respectfully declined, but all his children are involved in ward wore i and later on world

war two. unfortunately he loses his junkest son -- his youngest son over germany. many say he died of a broken heart, he died shortly after clinton. he dies peacefully in his sleep. not a bad life for little boy born on 20 street. thank you for spending the afternoon with the national park service. i hope you enjoyed it. if you have any questions, let me know. like us on facebook, follow us on twitter. thank you very much. >> each week until the 2016 election, wrote to the white house rewind things you archival coverage from presidential races. next on the 2000 presidential race, vice president gore and texas governor george bush take part in a town hall style debate

at washington university in st. louis. this was the third and final residential debate in the 2000 campaign. the candidate is taking questions from undecided voters on domestic issues and foreign policy. governor bush defeated vice president gore in the general election and one of the most highly contested races. the outcome was not decided until five weeks after voters went to the board and the supreme court stop the florida recount. it awarded the presidency to governor bush. this is just over 90 minutes. washington university in st. louis, i'm jim lehrer of the news hour on cbs. i welcome you to the third and final campaign 2000 debate between the democratic candidate vice president al gore and republican candidate governor george w. bush of texas. let's welcome the candidates