answer. use our video clipping tool to create video clips to share on social media. not able to watch? listen to the debate live on the c-span radio cap. it is free to download. live coverage of the vice presidential debate tuesday on c-span.org and on the c-span radio act. >> partlow, colorado was built on the steel industry. to learn more about colorado fuel and iron, one of the earlier steel producers. we are at the steelworks center of the west in pueblo, colorado. our mission of our organization is to interpret the history of i, colorado fuel and iron

company, which was the american west's largest industrial leader. it was headquartered right here in pueblo. the main steel mill was located here in pueblo. as the industry began, it of course relied heavily on mineral resources and those mines were located all over colorado, northern new mexico, eastern wyoming, and they had other mining enterprises in other western states as well. most of the mines were located here in southern colorado. william jackson palmer began cf &i's predecessor company in 1872. palmer's dream was to make a railroad ride test line that connected -- line that connected

denver all the way south into mexico and the only way to do this to economically in the 1870's, of course, was to build the rails himself. because of our geographic location to all of the resources needed to make the steel for making railroad tracks. years,e next couple of palmer's company experienced a lot of competition, primarily for the coal resources that he was mining. his competition was a man by the name of john cleveland osgood. osgood's company was called the colorado fuel company and its primary job was to mine coal for domestic use. and so palmer's company and osgood's company were rivals for the same coal source. of threw upmer sort

his hands and realized that after a number of labor problems with his workers, as well as the intense competition that he was experiencing from osgood, the two companies merged together. the colorado coal and iron company and the colorado fuel company to become the colorado fuel and iron company. following that merger, palmer decided to sort of get out of the steelmaking part of the business, and he focused his attention on developing the city of colorado springs. >> john osgood came to colorado in the late 1800s working for the burlington and quincy railroads, exploring for coal. when he discovered coal in colorado and massive amounts of andhe left the railroad

started his own company, the colorado fuel company. i believe he wanted to be a call baron. he built what was considered a model town in redstone, colorado. . business near aspen he had offices in denver. in his model town he began to develop what he considered to be a model coal camp. the company provided housing for the workers, and he pioneered a , what of social aspects could be called social engineering for the workforce in the coal mines. he adapted his concept of the for the colorado fuel and iron company, and as part of that he also in 1901 created the sociological department. the sociological department was corwin whorichard

had been brought up by palmer as a chief surgeon for the colorado coal and iron company. corwin had a lot of groundbreaking ideas in the fields of modern medicine, and he took those concepts and as the them to his job director of the sociological department -- department. some of those you will see in this building. &i was considered a leader in industrial medicine. this was the building where the workers would come in for regular medical exams. they were an early company pioneering medical care for their workers. visitors come in here will see a number of the original rooms from the medical dispensary. havee room across the hall one of the original x-ray machines used to examine the workers when they may have had injuries.

they will see a room that has a hearing machine. hearing loss very common in a steel mill so a hearing machine testing for hearing loss. examination rooms for regular medical exams as well as examining things like broken bones or other types of illnesses. >> probably about half of our visitors to the museum are former employees or children of former employees, and they love to come in and visit the museum, look at the photos and artifacts, and relive the memories. a neweresting thing is generation of people are visiting the machine -- museum. maybe the grandchildren are great-grandchildren of the ers, andkers and min they want to know more about their family history and the work done by their relatives. this is the shift change the soul for cf and i.

many generations of pueblo children learned to tell time by this whistle that blue four times a day, signaling the end of each shift. noon,:00 in the morning, 3:00 in the afternoon, and 11:00 at night. many children knew that when they heard this whistle, it was only a matter of minutes before dad was going to come home and they could spend time as a family. in our exhibits, we also have many tools and things that the nerslworkers as well as mi would have used in their everyday life such as a lunchbox, wrenches and hammers and electrical belts, things that they would have needed on the job site. 1903, the rockefeller family

purchased the majority of the shares of the colorado fuel and iron company from osgood. the family operated the company until 1944. during that time, cf&i experienced a lot of ups and downs, primarily with their labor. the most significant labor unrest problem the company had started in september 1913, and finished in december of 1914. it is called the colorado coalfield wars, also known as the mud low massacre. 'sis happened within cf&i mining communities in southern colorado. it was a long strike, and john rockefeller junior as the owner of in company, had a lot our modern day terms, a lot of

public relations problems because of the effects of that strike. to rebuild his reputation within eyes, he andtates' another man named mckenzie king started the employee representation plan. it was the first of its kind in the united states, and it was a method to increase communication between labor and management. and this plan helped pave the way for our modern day labor laws that everybody works under today. a few of the things that came out of the plan that we all enjoy as american workers today ,nclude an eight hour workday things such as paid vacation, paid sick leave, no forced overtime in many different professions. things such as unemployment

insurance were originally begun as a result of this plan. this is an extremely rare collection because when many large businesses go bankrupt, a lot of times they purge their archival collection. &i never did that so this collection documents the entire lifespan of the company from birth through many ups and downs of the company through the final days in the early 1990's of the company's bankruptcy. >> this weekend we are featuring the history of pablo, colorado together with our comcast cable partners. others'stops on our

cities tour at c-span.org/city tour. you are watching american history tv on c-span3. >> each week until the 2016 election, road to the white house rewind into archival coverage of presidential races. from the 1960 campaign, massachusetts senator john f. kennedy and incumbent richard nixon square off in the first ever televised presidential debate. they took questions on their leadership experience, communism at home and abroad, medical care for seniors, and the economy. john f. kennedy defeated richard nixon with one less than -- with less than 1% of the popular vote separating the two. the first debate took place in chicago. the television and radio stations of the united states and their affiliated stations are proud to