westfield state university criminal justice professor george michael describes their relationship between extreme right subcultures and contemporary politics. >> a couple days later, trump formally disavowed any support from related parties. mediaas not stopped the from caricaturing him as racist. announcer: sunday morning on road to the white house, the 1988 vice presidential debate between dan quayle and lloyd bentsen. hard would be pushing very to open those markets to stand up for the american farmer. . think we could do it >> that is the kind of foreign

policy he will get under the dukakis administration. announcer: at 8:00 -- >> henry kissinger wanted to make sure that no agency had particular entree to president-elect nixon. kissinger wanted to control all of the intelligence and did not want the agency to sell itself as the premier after. announcer: with the release of , historians offs index nixon presidential library discuss the changes presidents have made to the daily brief. he can see our complete schedule at c-span.org. >> pueblo, colorado was built on the steel industry. we take you to learn more about colorado fuel and iron, one of the earlier steel producers.

we are at the steelworks center of the west in pueblo, colorado. our mission of our organization is to interpret the history of the cf&i, colorado fuel and iron company, which was the american west's largest industrial leader. it was headquartered right here in pueblo. the main steel mill was located here in pueblo. as the industry began, it of course relied heavily on mineral resources and those mines were located all over colorado, northern new mexico, eastern wyoming, and they had other mining enterprises in other

western states as well. most of the mines were located here in southern colorado. william jackson palmer began cf&i's predecessor company in 1872. palmer's dream was to make a railroad line that connected denver all the way south into mexico and the only way to do this to economically in the 1870's, of course, was to build the rails himself. he chose pueblo because of our geographic location to all of the resources needed to make the steel for making railroad tracks. over the next couple of years, palmer's company experienced a lot of competition, primarily for the coal resources that he was mining.

his competition was a man by the name of john cleveland osgood. osgood's company was called the colorado fuel company and its primary job was to mine coal for domestic use. and so palmer's company and osgood's company were rivals for the same coal source. in 1892, palmer sort of threw up his hands and realized that after a number of labor problems with his workers, as well as the intense competition that he was experiencing from osgood, the two companies merged together. the colorado coal and iron company and the colorado fuel company to become the colorado fuel and iron company. following that merger, palmer decided to sort of get out of the steelmaking part of the

business, and he focused his attention on developing the city of colorado springs. >> john osgood came to colorado in the late 1800s working for the burlington and quincy railroads, exploring for coal. when he discovered coal in colorado and massive amounts of it, he left the railroad and started his own company, the colorado fuel company. in many ways i believe he wanted to be a call baron. he built what was considered a model town in redstone, colorado. a business near aspen. he had offices in denver. in his model town he began to develop what he considered to be a model coal camp. the company provided housing for the workers, and he pioneered a number of social aspects, what could be called social

engineering for the workforce in the coal mines. he adapted his concept of the company stores for the colorado fuel and iron company, and as part of that he also in 1901 created the sociological department. the sociological department was run by dr. richard corwin who had been brought up by palmer as a chief surgeon for the colorado coal and iron company. corwin had a lot of groundbreaking ideas in the fields of modern medicine, and he took those concepts and applied them to his job as the director of the sociological department. some of those you will see in this building. cf&i was considered a leader in industrial medicine. this was the building where the workers would come in for

regular medical exams. they were an early company pioneering medical care for their workers. visitors come in here will see a number of the original rooms from the medical dispensary. in the room across the hall have one of the original x-ray machines used to examine the workers when they may have had injuries. they will see a room that has a hearing machine. hearing loss very common in a steel mill so a hearing machine testing for hearing loss. examination rooms for regular medical exams as well as examining things like broken bones or other types of illnesses. >> probably about half of our visitors to the museum are former employees or children of former employees, and they love to come in and visit the museum, look at the photos and artifacts, and relive the memories. an interesting thing is a new

generation of people are visiting the museum. maybe the grandchildren are great-grandchildren of the steelworkers and miners, and they want to know more about their family history and the work done by their relatives. this is the shift change the soul for cf&i. many generations of pueblo children learned to tell time by this whistle that blew four times a day, signaling the end of each shift. the 11:00 in the morning, noon, 3:00 in the afternoon, and 11:00 at night. many children knew that when they heard this whistle, it was only a matter of minutes before dad was going to come home and they could spend time as a family. in our exhibits, we also have many tools and things that the

steelworkers as well as miners would have used in their everyday life such as a lunchbox, wrenches and hammers and electrical belts, things that they would have needed on the job site. in 1903, the rockefeller family purchased the majority of the shares of the colorado fuel and iron company from osgood. the family operated the company until 1944. during that time, cf&i experienced a lot of ups and downs, primarily with their labor. the most significant labor unrest problem the company had

started in september 1913, and finished in december of 1914. it is called the colorado coalfield wars, also known as the ludlow massacre. this happened within cf&i's mining communities in southern colorado. it was a long strike, and john rockefeller, jr. as the owner of the company, had a lot of in our modern day terms, a lot of public relations problems because of the effects of that strike. to rebuild his reputation within the united states' eyes, he and another man named mckenzie king started the employee representation plan. it was the first of its kind in the united states, and it was a method to increase communication between labor and management. and this plan helped pave the

way for our modern day labor laws that everybody works under today. a few of the things that came out of the plan that we all enjoy as american workers today include an eight hour workday, things such as paid vacation, paid sick leave, no forced overtime in many different professions. things such as unemployment insurance were originally begun as a result of this plan. this is an extremely rare collection because when many large businesses go bankrupt, a lot of times they purge their archival collection. cf&i never did that so this collection documents the entire lifespan of the company from birth through many ups and downs of the company through the final days in the early 1990's of the company's bankruptcy.

we areer: this weekend featuring the history of pablo, colorado together with our comcast cable partners. learn about others'stops on our cities tour at c-span.org/city tour. you are watching american history tv on c-span3. >> the next president making a point -- >> with every clinton in the white house, the rest of the world will never forget why they have looked to the united states. announcer: the road to the white house continues with a debate between mike pence and tim kaine on tuesday night.

at 8:30, a briefing for the audience. at 9:00, live coverage of the debate. watch live on c-span.org. announcer: next, historians talking about going to tax of the civil war -- great attacks of the civil war. the discussion was part of the symposium hosted by the emerging civil war blog. >> i am pleased to introduce some of my colleagues.