>> the british empire and its common wealth, last for a thousand years. men will still say, this was our finest hour. >> live for the 33rd international churchill conference in washington, d.c. focussing on the former british prime minister's friends and contemporaries. speakers include british historian andrew roberts, author of "masters and commanders how four titans would be the war in the west 1941-1945." later on saturday at 7:00, texas general land office commissioner george w. bush. state senator jose menendez. and musician phil collins talk about the spanish mission, the alamo at the 2016 texas tribune festival in austin. >> my memories of that time is that this group of people were going and they knew they were going to die, but they went. or they were there. crocket went. but there was something very noble and very, you know, romantic. i've learned that it wasn't

quite as black and white. that's one of the things i think would be good in this day and age, that you know, we put it into context. >> then sunday evening at 6 of okay, american artifacts. >> you notice he wasn't wearing a weapon. he would often go into attacks wearing nothing but that riding crop you see in his hand. the men looked at this and learned later, if the colonel, and later the brigadier, if the colonel can take it, i can take it too. >> we go to norfolk, virginia to learn about the early life of doug as mcarthur who commanded in the pacific. >> also conscience in chief with the highest level of integrity, with their moral kpos locked on true north so we can always count on them to do the right thing when times get tough or when no one is looking.

>> author boston explains his ten commandment for leadership what they are and why each president excelled at each one. for our tv schedule, go to c-span.org. next, american history tv's real america featured a 1943 film titled, "your ally, britain." the film produced by the office of war information introduced u.s. troops to english society before they arrived on the br british isles in the lead-up to the 1944 british invasion. ♪ ♪ ♪

♪ ♪ [ cheers and applause ] >> that game wasn't won by the

man who made that touchdown, it was won by a team and every man on the team had a share in winning it. we're playing another kind of a game now. only this one isn't for fun. it's for keeps. this game won't be won by any single player either. it will be won by a team. a team called the united nations. the ball will be carried by the men in the back field. tough little guy from china. big joe russia. john britain. and the guy called yank. the four greatest banks in the world. so let's take a look at the men who carry the ball with us. who are they? how do they live? what makes them tick? let's start with the one that's toughest to understand. the one we know just enough about to confuse us. john britain. >> here's where he lives.

a little island no larger than the state of idaho. half a million people lived in idaho. 96 times that many live in britain. the matches and japes screams about living space. but there are more people on a square mile of britain than a square mile of germany or italy or japan. more congestion than practically any place on earth except the new york subway. or a sardine can. and that's a clue that explains a lot about john britain. we build front porches on our houses because we didn't want to miss the chance to see our neighbors. but john britain hides in a little box and plants a hedge around that to make sure he doesn't. living that close to neighbors, privacy is part of the pursuit of happiness. and in is a sardine can called britain, they learn to get on with their neighbors. they have too.

he's too damn close. that's why they have so little crime in britain. believe it or not, even in war time, the british cop does not carry a gun. nor does the professional crook. and in 1926, when the world heard of this stoppage of work in britain, that industry, transportation, whole life of the country had been paralyzed by a general strikes, it was more surprised the next day to learn that footballers were playing with the cops. you can only understand that if you live in a sardine can. the second clue to this guy on our team, no part of britain is more than a hundred miles from the sea. everyday for hundreds of years, years of peace and years of war, john britain has seen ships sail from his island to the seven seas. that means that whenever john britain want to bust out of this sardine can, it eat sea that gets him. he has been busting out for

hundreds of years. and that led to australia. south africa. new zealand. canada. and for that matter, the united states of america. how did john britain get on? remember 1938? the yankees won the pennant. wrong way corigan. last train on the 6th avenue hill. well, john britain got excited about the same sort of thing. the derby, or as he would say, the dahby. his job. his kids. getting his exercise on his day off. taking the football. only 300 miles away people were cheering another kind of event.

and in london and every other british city in town, they read about what was going on in europe and got sore about it. but they were also pretty well determined to keep it none of their business. then this looked bad. the czechs have a mutual assistance pact with friends. and france had won with britain. this might mean war. even though everyone was anxious to avoid it. they had been through one war. hundreds of their brothers and friends had been killed. there was nothing beautiful to them about war. and they had no desire to another. >> in a last desperate effort to preserve peace, the prime minister today flew to munich. >> all is well. britain, france, italy and

germany were signing a pact at munich. a pact in which the germans agreed they had no further territorial claims to make. it was to be peace in our time. but it turned out to be a strange sort of peace. hitler's first move was to break the pact he had signed. wishful thinking was ended. now they knew something had to be done about germany. they appealed the con skripgs act but first peace time con skripgs in british history. the service act was the first in american history. the british put their cards on the table. they had a in effect said to hitler -- >> that's enough. you going to poland, we'll fight. >> hitler smiled. like other would-be conquerers of britain. phillip of spain.

napoleon. kaiser will helm. he thought he understand the british. he didn't. the sleeping lion began to wake up. a pretty drowsy lion for the first six months of the war. he snapped and growled. he trapped more leaflets than bombs. he hoped common sense would return to the people and they would get rid of hitler and the warlords. instead -- >> at dawn this morning, german armies without warning, invaded luxembourg, holland and belgium. today surrendering his armies of more than a half a million men.

french chief of state asked for armistice. >> britain was alone. czechoslovakia occupied. poland defeated. denmark gone. holland, belgium, france gone. only britain now. britain was alone. hitler considered the war over. everybody considered the war over except the british. the 11th hour, the lion was finally aroused. >> our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on beaches, land, in fields, in streets, and on the hills we shall never surrender. >> for a year they took everything that the nazis could throw at them. for one solid year, from june

1940 to june of 1941, they were the only major power fighting the greatest war machine in the world. they took body blow after body blow. solid punches before they even had their guard up. all they did was take it on the chin and hang on to the ropes. they never went down. and while they buried their dead, they prepared grimly and defiantly for the day when they could strike back. there were no victories to cheer them on. just defeat after defeat. some heroic like the beaches of dunkirk. or like the hills of greece. british soldiers landed to keep

their pledge of honor to the greek people. landed knowing they were facing overwhelming odds. some less glorious. hong kong. and singapore. and burma. but through all these long months, the british people were thinking and planning and working, only for the day when they themselves would take the offensive. and that day came.

it was the british that made the germans realize that war could be brought to german soil, too. day after day, night after night. the offensive continues in greater and greater strength. that's in the air.

and on the ground, 1500 miles away in north africa.

♪ ♪ ♪ 1700 miles and 122 days. 1700 miles of sand and wind and enemies.

once more the people of britain heard their church bells ring. more than three years earlier they had been warned this would be the signal of invasion. but long since the nightmare of the threat of invasion, the past, now the bells rang out of song of thanksgiving. a song of victory. now there's the plain and simple truth about britain. that the fellow that called the signals on the axis team knows his only chance of winning is to split our team up. so his team plays a game at

which they've had a lot of practice. a game which has conquered half a dozen countries. a game called divide and conquer. men like these tell the british we aren't taking the war seriously. they tell the russians, we are letting them down. they tell the british the russians will sell them out. and they tell us -- >> it is ridiculous for roosevelt to tell the american people that they have anything in common with the british. on the contrary. they are different in every respect. >> well, there are differences, that's true. for instance, we drive on the right side of the road. but in britain, we go for baseball. we go for baseball. we go for baseball.- we go for baseball.- we go for baseball. we go for basebalwe g. they have a little number called cricket.

and anyone who ever drank coffee over there knows why they'll always be an england. >> is your coffee all right, sir? >> give us another glass of half and half. blimey, pour milk and -- >> so i went into -- ways getting parched. ♪ ♪ >> i think kid and jack, why they cut them mixed with celery tonic. >> why are they all mushed so much with cotton in their mouth? you can't understand a word they say. >> yes, there are differences. >> but there are a few things that britain and america do have in common.

and these are the important things of life. a little thing called a free representative government. we call it congress. they call it parliament. a little thing called freedom of speech. >> the thing is, if it comes from me, go into dorchester because it comes from outside. >> this is the office of the american workers party. an organization dedicated to the organizing and working class of america. >> freedom of the press. freedom of religion. they may not be important to hitler but all these things are a common thing of john q. public and john britain. 700 years ago their ancestors fought. >> no one will be wronged or delayed justice. >> no man shall be compelled to yield any tax without act to

follow. >> these principles came to our own country with early settlers and from there -- >>pfollow. >> these principles came to our own country with early settlers and from there -- >>afollow. >> these principles came to our own country with early settlers and from there -- >>rfollow. >> these principles came to our own country with early settlers and from there -- >>lfollow. >> these principles came to our own country with early settlers and from there -- >>ifollow. >> these principles came to our own country with early settlers and from there -- >>afollow. >> these principles came to our own country with early settlers and from there -- >>mefollow. >> these principles came to our own country with early settlers and from there -- >>nfollow. >> these principles ctfollow. >> thow. >> the. >> these principles came to our own c congress shall make no la respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof or abridging the freedom of speech or the press or the right of the people peaceably to assemble. >> we may sound different, but we say to the british parliament. >> you cannot respect their cause and wish to make it your own. >> that's why alongside his great hero nelson john britain put george washington. and in parliament square the most sacred spot in the most common wealth of nations, abraham lincoln. of course hitler doesn't like this kind of talk. his job is to sell the british that we're a nation of money grubbers.

and gangsters. while in the next studio he is selling the us idea that british are gutless and dopes. that john q. public and john britain are entirely different. all right, hitler, where are these? miners or west virginia? these farmers, devon shire or wisconsin? these steel workers, sheffield or pittsburgh? these children, american or british? they live in lands which share the same hopes, the same i'd ideals, and unlike the poor children of germany, in lands where the truth is free.'d ideals, and unlike the poor children of germany, in lands where the truth is free.d ideals, and unlike the poor children of germany, in lands where the truth is free. ideals, and unlike the poor children of germany, in lands where the truth is free.

let's not kid ourselves. britain is not the united states and the united states is not britain. pour instance we don't get into this kind of thing. they do. but there's no mystery about that. remember our grandmother's house? old-fashioned. out of date. suiting each new generation and filled with family relics, even a grandmother couldn't explain. well, john britain has been living in his house for a long time. and that's why to us, who live in a modern house, to suit ourselves, and john britain seems slow moving and covers in traditions, teams for instance. the present king wrote to his coronation in the same coach to the same church for the same ceremony as his ancestors did. but the job he took on is very different from theirs. and vincent changed his name to the british team can no longer make laws or impose taxes or interfere with government.

he and his family work as hard as any other citizen. doing the job that people expert of them. the day that the king is certain of the people and not its order. when american is arrested and brought to trial -- >> the people versus john doe. >> but there is such a case called in britain, it would be -- >> the king versus john doe. >> it means the same thing. today, the british king is the symbol of the people. the british are good fans buckingham palace. but when they sing, god save the king, they aren't worried about his health. they mean, god save the british people. and dukes and earls, but in 1911, the people took away the last remaining power of the lords to block the action of the people's representatives. dukes and earls don't run the country any more. today there are only two people who do that.

john britain, and his wife. they go to the polls just as mr. and mrs. john q. public do here and elect their representatives in a company where unions have long been accepted as an essential part of the democratic system, where the labor party controlled by the unions is one of the two great political parties, where long sherman and railroad engineers have been ministers of the pound and where for 30 years he's had a system of social security even more extensive than our own. so when you need about or lord, form e head of aircraft

production, don't think they got their jobs because of their titles. they got them because they were the best man for the jobs, just as earnest formerly a leader and now member who started life as anner rand boy and now a minister of home security got very important jobs because they were the best men for them. with the things on the surface, the -- their john britain and our john public, but the important part of their lives, they're run the same way, democratic way, the freeway. but this gentleman never bothered about the truth and when john britain started carrying the word, he tried a new line. >> all right. let's take a look at that one. here is the british empire and here is where the germans were

headed when britain declared war, does that look like trying to save the empire, tackling the germany when it was headed into poland and toward russia, the one direction in which there were no british possessions. after poland fell, hitler hit into peace with a british. this was the perfect chance to save the empire, but it wasn't saving the empire that the british were thinking about. >> we are not in any circumstances prepared to negotiate with him and -- at any time on any -- [ applause ] >> and britain had been on the losing end month after month, it had another chance to save the empire. even now hitler thought john

britain was making deals. we heard the british answer. >> what kind of a people do they think we are. is it possible they do not realize that we shall never cease to persevere against them until they had been taught a lesson which they and the world will never forget. [ applause ] >> and let's take a look at this british empire, the -- we fought for in 1776 britain has since from canada, australia, new zealand, south africa. these are independent missions with their own parliaments, their own laws, and p even their

own money systems and own talents which often work to disadvantage to all army's and navies. britain couldn't even take them in the world if she wanted to, that's a problem they settled for themselves, each one of the brit tich commonwealth of nation declared war on germany of its own free will. >> no one ever talks about the british empire today without mentioning india. and men of goodwill and britain, as well adds other countries had been out spoken in their demands for indian freedom, for no man who believes in democracy could support foreign rule of any people, but there are things that many of us do not know about india, for instance, india pays no taxes to britain, neither directly or indirectly. that the indian fixed their own tariff laws frequently to britain's disadvantage. the device for executive consul, 11 of the 15 members are indians and in the courts, ten of every

11 judges furthermore that no indian has con stripted for service in the army and navy. it was voluntary enlistment that raised the indian army for 170,000 for out break of war to a million and a quarter today. and on the subject of india, listen to the words of field marshall young christian spice. he fought against the british 40 years ago was defeated in his fight and still became the leader of one of the british commonwealths of nations, prime minister of south africa. >> india, if she will, can be free in the same way and by the same means as canada, australia, new zealand, today free sovereign states, there people worked out a constitution for themselves. the same course is open to india, the people of india will agree about the terms of free constitution. freedom isn't a thing that can

be imposed from without, it can only be created from within. >> the indians have a responsibility to reconcile the differences that exist in the fast indian population with his hundred different languages, his dozens of different religions and on march 11th, 1942 the british government placed itself on record and promised full self government to india, if india will work out a constitution that will satisfy its people after the war is over. during this war, military leaders agree troops are needed in india as an effective of the democratic word to keep the nazis and japes united. further they provide the basis to get at the japes. in other parts of the empire, too, democracy stands on guard. if it wasn't for the british,

alexandria, and their hanging on to them regardless of the cost and their drive across libya, there would have been no american landing in north africa. >> the britain are sitting back. britain will fight to the last australian orca nadian or new zealander, the truth that thousands of canadians and australians, and new zealanders have ga lantly fought and ga lantly died in greece and in libya. but there's something the mouthpiece leaves out, something pretty important. out of every ten of the british empire, one comes from britain.

one of ten in population, seven of ten in casualties. in the end -- two out of three are manned by from the island and the western desert in afr a africa. and then british navy from 1588 and and the british merchant still the greatest navy in the world in spite of all what

hirtler can do, men from every and of 10,000 ships and grammy engine rooms, men who have been torpedoed twice, three times. there's one sailor who had been torpedoed six times and zil signed on again. we never hear about these things because of a curious character whose ways will never be completely understandable to an american. john britain himself. he has an idea he shouldn't talk about for what he does. he calls it bad form. we call it dan silly. he had a spit fire, oh, she's

not that difficult. but this man, the boss of the german air force can tell us that the spit fire has been the most deadly fighter in the world and we certainly need an interpreter when this happens. >> hi, all right. >> all right. accept that he spent two days in the icy waters in the north atlantic after being tor pea dodd. see this man, his name is witten brown and this man, believe it or not, is the first man who flew the atlantic nonstop. in 1,919, eight years before anyone else, he and john flew nonstop to ireland. but as usual, the british let it go and brown went back into obscurity. there's nothing wrong with john britain that a correspondence course in showmanship wouldn't cure. for a moment imagine that you're not american, but british.

you'll still be uniform or in britain every man between the age of 18 and 41 unless he cannot be replaced at a workbench is already in uniform. your old man, too, he's had to quit guessing about the last war, they're starting to draft man up to 51. if you've got yourself into this mess, they'll say, thankfully, but you're in the army any way. your kid sister, if she isn't a sailer, or in the air force even

if she's married every woman after 41 can be drafted. and it's a real draft for 88 million workers men and women can quit their jobs or be fired without government commission. >> maybe this isn't your idea of britain. the ads are didn't and you wonder whether they make bows and arrows. the ads kept quiet about industry, just as this one leads out the aircraft plants and the oil fields. well, they have the green fields you've read about.

the quiet country lanes, but they also have the steel meals of sheffield. the pittsburgh of britain. they have the picturesque little villages the gently flowing streams for castles, but they also have the shipyards of the river, not as modern as henry kaiser, but still one of the greatest in the world. they have the old cathedrals, deathless reminders of a rich tradition, but they also have the great industrial cities of birmingham, manchester, leaves, they seldom have ever saw american tourists, but they made britain, even in peacetime, one of the greatest industrial powers in the world. and in wartime, even as late as july 1942, this little island, no larger than the state of idaho was making more war goods than we were.

maybe you thought john britain sat there and waited for us to send in planes and guns and tanks, well, he's to be grateful for what they did for him. it saved his skin when he was in a tough spot. but today works in more ways than one, for today john britain himself furnished his planes and guns and tanks through the same lease, to us, to russia. and other lies all over the world, in britain alone, our forces have received free from the british, a million and a half tons, food, clothing and two-and-a-half million tons of other materials. there's another thing you want to know about britain. if your unit gets sent there, you probably won't be invited out to supper for a drink, that's not because the british don't want to entertain you, they haven't anything to entertain you with. britain is mobilized for war,

total war and that means an end to civilian supplies. if you are a britisher, you wouldn't expect your girl to use lipstick. there isn't any, except what we bring over as bait. she wouldn't be smartly dressed for clothes, severely rationed. it's very unlikely she wears stockings, but if she brought a pair -- bought a pair of stocks a month, that would be all the clothes of any could buy. that's some rationing. we think our gas rationing is tough, but john britain gets no gas at all. he goes to a pub to buy a bottle of whisky, he laughs in his face. grain is needed for industrial alcohol, industrial alcohol is needed for munitions. and nearly all the reserve stock of british whisky is kept to pay for the goods britain buys here.

but don't forget, besides land lease, britain buys and pays for vast quantities of goods and it was the cast purchases that britain made before we entered the war that gave our munitions industry its start and enabled us to build it up in record time. he goes to buy a pack of cigarettes, there probably aren't any, if there are, that's 40 cents for a pack of cigarettes, 12 cents represent the cost of the cigarettes, the other 28, the tax paid to the government for britain is going all out in taxation. nobody is making any money out of this war, industry is paying, excess profits tagss is 100%. labor is paying. the man who pays $39 week pays $29 income tax. and the rich man, if there were any of them left, pays income tax of 97.5%.

then there's a matter of food. there's not many fat men in england nowadays. he knows one egg a week is helping him to win the war. the british rations are the rations of a free people, they could get food if they did in peacetime from canada, australia, but that would take ships and british prefer to use the ships for supplies to russia, plains from america, troops to the mediterranean, to win the war every britisher is on short rations and has been on short rations for two years, everybody except the children. they get four times the eggs that grown ups do. they get oranges that arrive in britain. and practically all of the extra milk. but john britain is picking up after the war, but the new world that his children and ours will inherit, a world where they will not only be freedom of speech

and freedom of worship, but also freedom from what and freedom from fear. >> it is not given to us. -- sure and in violet, but in the days to come the british and american people will for their own safety and for the good of all work together in justice and in peace. >> this is what the british are fighting for. there are no people, a stubborn people, and sometimes they have moved slowly, but in three years of blood and sweat and tears, john britain has found his soul.

>> now he's tough. now, he's determined. and now he knows where he's marching to victory and to a new world. he's a good man to have on our team. >> friday, a look at political rhetoric and tone of the presidential campaign. franklin pierce university hosted a discussion with melinda and marlin, press secretary to presidents reagan and bush. live coverage at 11:00 a.m. eastern on c span. later, our road to the white house coverage continues with donald trump holding a campaign rally in manchester new hampshire. we're live from rad di son at

noon eastern, also on c span. >> every weekend, book tv brings you 48 hours of nonfiction books and authors.