>> they are clearly our enemies, occupying our troops. and at the same time by cutting to limit withng them. >> unreal america, we look back at the 1966 campaign against >> my experience has turned me, inevitably, towards the people for the answers of the problems. put my faith in the private sector of the economy. i believe in the people's ability to run their own affairs. >> every solitary category of business that tells whether or

not california's economy is good is proven that we have done a good job. >> sunday morning at 10:00 a.m. eastern on road to the white ouse, rewind -- >> next tuesday you will go to the polls and make it decision. i think when you make the decision you should ask yourself -- are you better off than you were four years ago? >> our proposals are sound. to stimulate jobs. to improve the industrial complex of this country. to create tools for the american workers and to be anti-inflammation. >> between jimmy carter and ronald reagan. and at 7:00 -- >> a realist would not have devoted his life to fighting slavery and a realist would not -- a dissolution

of the union for the because of slavery would be followed by a r, and it would be calamitous and the progress must be -- so glorious would be the final issue that if god would judge may, i dare not say that it would be to be desired. york historical society, the author of "john, military spirit." debating the question, was john quincy adams a realist? the legacy of the six president. for our complete american history tv schedule, go to c-span.org. this weekend, c-span is visiting tucson to learn more about the city's history. located in the sonoran desert, the landscape is dominated by

the saguaroknown as cactus. a great place to see these up close is the saguaro national park. coming up next, we visit the national and learn more about the unique desert landscape. landscape, the amount of wildlife that you see, the amazing sunsets. the variation in the terrain. this part goes from the desert ecosystem all the way up to the top of the ring con mountains which get close to 9000 feet. so the diversity is amazing. and i think that is one thing that makes the park pretty special. the diversity of vegetation and wildlife. and the landscape that you see everywhere. the national monument was established in 1993 and one of

the primary reasons for that was the protection of the cactus that is surrounding us here. 1930's, it was vast small, it large and covered the whole valley. -- with theut photography of the site, it was shown that the saguaro cactus forest was disappearing. and leaving the population and not many new saguaro cactus were being recruited. we learned that is from a mesquited harvest of trees, they impact the cactus forest. nurse tree on a early in their growth to get established.

protected from the extreme heat and sunshine. and also from the cold temperatures in the winter. younga seed falls and a saguaro cactus is able to be established, it helps to establish that they will grow. they are very slow growing. approaching 200 years or potentially even older. the really large ones could be a couple of centuries old. by the time they are 50 years old, maybe 50 feet tall. their firsto grow arms. so even one that is only a couple of feet on the ground has been there for decades. so as time has progressed, you can see that there is a healthy source of mesquite here and they are acting as nurse trees. seething that you don't behind me because of the trees is the fact that there is a lot cactus. saguaro

we have done a lot of surveying in this area. we walked across the landscape in a fashion to document all of spanaguaro's in a mile area. and what we see is that even though you can't see it looking across the valley, there are upy more that will be coming and turning into the grand, majestic saguaro's, because they are now thriving. so we are monitoring and we saguaro census. so coinciding with the usn sense -- the u.s. census, we measure the height and we count how many nest cavities are in them. how many arms are on them. and we monitor that population of the saguaro through time. that helps to inform us what

happens with the population. >> we are on the historic cactus loop of the east district of the park. this roadway was constructed by the ctc and has served as a , a way tourist loop get out into the park and see the saguaro cactus and other vegetation. you do have an opportunity to see most of what is in the park. andrabbits and roadrunners over 100 bird species, potentially. and all of the unique desert vegetation, many species of the namesake,sly

the saguaro cactus and many other species. one such you have to look close to find and others that are large and prominent on the landscape. and then people refer to the desert and they think of sparse landscape. hot with nothing there. but actually, as you can see out the window, this place is thick with vegetation. we are green right now because of the monsoon rain. and it is a sea of plants and wildlife. the highest visitation on record. and we continue to see those numbers on a month to month basis this year. so people are finding that part here, saguaro national park. country,hat across the

the advertising campaign, all of the different initiatives to get people engaged with their parks and in their community and across the country, it has, i think, in extremely successful. and we want to be reaching out to the diversity of the improving ourd visitation in numbers but in the richness of the visitors that we have at our park. representing what america is today. >> i grew up just south of here as a kid. appear to thee university of arizona to go to school. i got my graduate degree here and i have been in tucson for 26 years. a 44% of latino population here. and like i said, i came in for college but i have lived here and i had never been to a national park ear.

i got recruited out of the local county government here as the community engagement coordinator --ause i was -- as they said the target audience of the next 100 years. so there was almost an experiment to see what it would take to engage folks of my demographic to attend the parks. historically, the park service has not been inviting. but over the last five years there has been a concerted effort to try to engage, not just folks of color, and of different abilities. a lot of our facilities have been made accessible for folks with disabilities. so that is part and parcel of somei think is keeping folks away, they think it is the old national park service that somemited to vehicles -- folks think we are set up for professional hikers and we are not. it really is designed to be accessible to all.

recently, we have funding to establish and all ada accessible walkway. but the walkway, unfortunately, was part of the old trail and we had a horse vandalize -- whether purposely or involuntarily -- they damaged a trail and the community came out, including the horsemen's association and they said hey, we're sorry. we want to help out. here's a small contribution to help with the trail. otherks take care of each here in tucson and they care about making sure the parks are accessible. having national parks, it is one of the true american ideas that originated in the united states. the people of this country, we know that they value at the -- they value the national park system and the resources we have. the natural and cultural resources.

advocacy is something that is important. ourbeing relevant to current parks visitors is extremely important. we wanted to provide no opportunity for them to get outside and to learn about the outdoors and about these resources that the wildlife is dependent upon and that we are dependent on. clean water and clean air, these things originate in natural parks. the more people who visit and understand that, the more likely we are to have a new generation that embraces the importance of that and wants to protect it in the future. this weekend, we are featuring the history of tucson, arizona. together with our cable partners. to learn more about tucson and other stops on the cities tour, c-span.org. you are watching american history tv, all weekend, every

weekend on c-span3. ♪ came up with this idea, i did research information because this is definitely the case with a lot of pieces that will be done for the conversation but it is a complicated issue. it is not black or white and it is multifaceted that i had to research to get a base knowledge of what i wanted to talk about in this piece. is so, gated that i can't talk about it all in 5-7 minutes. is a broaduticals topic and i thought it would be nice to have a focal point to focus on. so before interviewed my parents and before i got clips from the internet and before i started shooting, i researched the public, extensively. i visited my dad's pharmacy and i talked to my mom and her colleagues and coworkers.

theactually went to library. >> a lot of internet research to find more facts and gathering employment ofut those with developmental disabilities. to see really what was going on. most of the information that i got off the internet came from government founded websites. so that is how i knew that most of the information that i was getting was legitimate. year's theme? "your message to washington, d.c.." tell us. our competition is open to all middle school and high school students grade 6-12 with $1000 prizes.in cash students can work alone or in a group up to three to create a 5-7 minute documentary. include some c-span programming and include opposing opinions. the cash prizes will be awarded and shared between 150 students

and 53 teachers. and the grand prize will go to the student or team with the best overall entry. this year's deadline is january 20-2017. help us spread the word to student filmmakers. >> election night on c-span. be a part of the national conversation about the outcome. location of the donald trump and hillary clinton election night headquarters and concession speeches starting live at 8:00 p.m. eastern and through the next 24 hours. c-span, at c-span.org or using the c-span radio mobile >> next, makeda best, talks

about the photographic betrayal of native americans during the 19th century. .articularly the modoc indians we also hear about how photographs of native people were used to promote native expansion after the civil war. the california historical society hosted this event. makeda: -- now, she is revising a book and previously co-edited a volume title. she has forthcoming articles with the anthology truth. multi-discriminatory research essential lens. that was produced by the organ public television. and as she watched several episodes of that, i loved it and i learned a lot.