inspiration for his book, "1777." >> what on earth was this little old lady doing out there? she was about five feet tall, at least 60 years old, and she was a battle casualty at saratoga. what is going on here? >> at 6:00 eastern on american artifacts -- youre french method, second training flight would give you more wing and a bigger engine and you would literally hop up and down the field. when you are ready for the big day, you would talk to your instructor on the ground. and pat you on the shoulder you get into an airplane and make your first real solo flight home by yourself. >> robert powell faces on a tour of the military aviation museum of virginia, on the one of the largest private collection of world war i and world war ii aircraft. to learn about advances in aviation technology about those wars. for a complete schedule, go to

c-span.org. i have always been a great admirer of america, students of american history. of hislarly the history african descendent people. >> sunday night, and other types of that is no more -- memoir, "never look at american in the eye." >> my uncle formed this impression from watching cinema, westerns specifically, where cowboys would gather together in a bar, exchange a few words and we never understood what they are saying. at one point they would stare each other down and start shooting. my uncle form the impression is that what americans would do to you, shoot you if you look them in the eye. >> sunday at 8:00 eastern on

c-span's q&a. american history tv continues its look at pittsburgh. up next they will take you on a driving tour around the city to see and hear about what makes this western pennsylvania city unique. >> today we will go on a driving tour of pittsburgh. we will take a look, get an overview and learn some history. as we come around the corner you will see the history center, the sports museum on the right and the goalpost from three verse stadium. when throughory those upright as the steelers became the dominant force in the nfl in the 1970's. >> when was the team established?

>> it goes back to 1933. one of the original franchises of the nfl. yearseelers in the first didn't really have a name. they called them the pirates because that's what the baseball team was called. they were black and gold like the other sports teams. but after a time, around world war ii, they decided we needed our own team. they started calling themselves the steelers. some people say it was because they stole players from other teams like in philadelphia, but pretty soon the people of pittsburgh adopted that name. this was the steel city. we were proud of our industrial heritage. the pittsburgh steelers seemed like the right thing to do. we are passing the pennsylvania

station, which has now been converted into housing and condos. in the 1840's there was a big bowl chill with water large enough to turn canal boats around on because this was the end of the line for the pennsylvania canals. before railroads people got around and moved freight on water, on the rivers and canals. this was the end of the line. you can hear us rattling because we are going over the brick streets. not is named grant street, for ulysses s grant, but for james grant, the french and indian war british general he was captured right here in 1758. there used to be a hill. this was grant's help. -- hill. in 1909 they brought in steam equipment, bulldozers, steam excavators and they leveled

nice,s hill and made it a flat street. pittsburgh streets have changed over time from original dirt streets. they then went to calls and belgian blocks. and probably only 30 or 40 years ago they want to bricks because they were easier to lay and pull up when they had to do infrastructure work. u.s. steel is still around. it's one of the top steelmakers in america, but there is a lot of competition for steel nowadays all around the world. is not thendustry dominant industry in pittsburgh today. we are coming up on hh richardson's courthouse and jail. you can see the rest vacated stone. this was built aft the turn of the century. it is one of the architectural wonders in pittsburgh.

we are coming up to the river. you are starting to see some of the bridges in pittsburgh. bridgese more than 450 all over the city. that includes some footbridges and some automobile bridges and railroad bridges. we have bridges of all kinds. it is not easy navigating pittsburgh's streets. they are aligned with rivers and there are lots of hills and galleys and bridges. have someocals trouble getting around downtown, but once you figure it out it is not so bad. we are going over the smithfield street bridge. you can see the city crest, the black and gold. the earl of chatham, william pitt, for whom pittsburgh was named. he was the secretary of state of the british empire during the french and indian war in the

1750's. . that is when pittsburgh was established there are inclined planes on the hills of pittsburgh. we are passing by the monongahela incline. this is the way people got from the high heels down to the mills and plants at the river level. really only two operating inclined planes in pittsburgh today. we will go to the duquesne incline. are cableed planes cars that allow workers of the upper slopes to get down to their factories and mills at the river level >>, they used today? >> people still use the inclines, but it's mostly for tourists to get a better view of the three rivers. >> if he had to describe a typical pittsburgher, what would you say? >> old-time pittsburghers call

themselves insers. fieldoming over to heinz with me after work today. i have to go downtown. pittsburghers have their own way of speaking. we call it pittsburghese. . there have been waves of migration to pittsburgh 16 housing years ago the first people came here during the -- 16,000 years ago they came up here during the ice age. the descendents of the american indian tribes are here and george washington arrived in 1753. english, scots irish, german, eastern europeans arrived. today people are coming from asia and from central and south america. we are coming up on the city and county building. see the little miniature bridge? that is commemorating

pittsburgh's. 200 anniversary 2016 commemorates 200 years of pittsburgh being incorporated as a city. 1816 there were no bridges in pittsburgh. to get across the rivers he had to swim or take a ferry, or the summertime when the water got low you could maybe wait across -- wade across. today we have 450 bridges. i think it's fitting for the 200th birthday we use a bridges our logo. right at the alcoa building -- see that building? it is totally made of aluminum. it is right across the street from the u.s. steel building, which is completely made of steel. they had kind of a theme going. plate glassgh building is made entirely of glass.

today pittsburgh is reinventing itself yet again, from being the smoky city of heavy industry, is now eds and meds. education and medicine. the biggest employer is the university of pittsburgh medical center that employs more than 50,000 people. technologies,art uber is here, google is here, robotics centers. people come all over the globe to be educated at carnegie mellon university or the university of pittsburgh. there are more than 30 universities or colleges in the greater pittsburgh area. there is lots to see in pittsburgh. it would take you a week to see it all. what i say to america is stop on by,. give pittsburgh enchants it is not the city you might think it is. featuringekend we are

the history of pittsburgh, pennsylvania. together with our comcast cable partners. learn more about pittsburgh and other stops in our cities tour citiestour.rg/ you were watching american history tv on c-span 3. 1953, washington national cathedral installed to stained-glass windows honoring confederate generals robert e. lee and stonewall jackson. this gushing about removing depictions of confederate flag from those windows. a panel of historians talked about the flag's history in relation to slavery and modern-day racism. this is about an hour and 50 minutes. >> welcome everyone and thank you for being here tonight i am dean of the washington national cathedral.