basically, the whole black nation has to be put together as a black army, and we're going to walk on this nation, we are going to walk on this race's power structure, and we are going to say to the whole damn government, "stick 'em up, motherfucker! we've come for the -- for what's ours!" [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2016] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] >> c-span, where history unfolds daily. c-span was created as a public service by a americas television companies and is brought to you today by your cable or satellite provider.

>> american history tv continues its look at pittsburgh. up next, we will take you on a driving tour around the city to see and hear about what makes this western pennsylvania city unique. >> today we will go on a driving tour of pittsburgh. we will take a look, get an overview and learn some history. as we come around the corner you will see the history center, the sports museum on the right and the goalpost from three verse -- rivers stadium. a lot of history when through -- went through those uprights as the steelers became the dominant force in the nfl in the 1970's. >> when was the team established? >> it goes back to 1933. one of the original franchises of the nfl. the steelers in the first years didn't really have a name.

they called them the pirates because that's what the baseball team was called. they were black and gold like the other sports teams. but after a time, around world war ii, they decided we needed our own team. they started calling themselves the steelers. some people say it was because they stole players from other teams like in philadelphia, but pretty soon the people of pittsburgh adopted that name. this was the steel city. we were proud of our industrial heritage. the pittsburgh steelers seemed like the right thing to do. we are passing the pennsylvania station, which has now been converted into housing and condos. in the 1840's there was a big bowl chill with water large

enough to turn canal boats around on because this was the end of the line for the pennsylvania canals. before railroads people got around and moved freight on water, on the rivers and canals. this was the end of the line. you can hear us rattling because we are going over the brick streets. this is named grant street, not for ulysses s. grant, but for james grant, the french and war british general. -- the french and indian war british general. he was captured right here in 1758. there used to be a hill. this was grant's hill. around 1909 they brought in steam equipment, bulldozers, steam excavators, and they leveled grant's hill and made it a nice, flat street. pittsburgh streets have changed over time from original dirt

streets. they then went to calls and -- cobbles, then belgian blocks. and then probably only 30 or 40 years ago they went to bricks because they were easier to lay and pull up when they had to do infrastructure work. u.s. steel is still around. it's one of the top steelmakers in america, but there is a lot of competition for steel nowadays all around the world. the steel industry is not the dominant industry in pittsburgh today. we are coming up on hh richardson's courthouse and jail. you can see the rest vacated stone. this was built after the turn of the century. it is one of the architectural wonders in pittsburgh.

we are coming up to the monongahela river. you are starting to see some of the bridges in pittsburgh. there are more than 450 bridges all over the city. that includes some footbridges and some automobile bridges and railroad bridges. we have bridges of all kinds. it is not easy navigating pittsburgh's streets. they are aligned with rivers and there are lots of hills and gulleys and bridges. even the locals have some trouble getting around downtown, but once you figure it out it is not so bad. we are going over the smithfield street bridge. you can see the city crest, the black and gold. the earl of chatham, william pitt, for whom pittsburgh was named. he was the secretary of state of the british empire during the french and indian war in the 1750's. that is when pittsburgh was established there are inclined planes on the hills of pittsburgh. we are passing by the

monongahela incline. this is the way people got from the high heels down to the mills and plants at the river level. really only two operating inclined planes in pittsburgh today. we will go to the duquesne incline. the incline planes are funiculars or cable cars that allow workers of the upper slopes to get down to their factories and mills at the river level >> how are they used today? >> people still use the inclines, but it's mostly for tourists to get a better view of the three rivers. >> if he had to describe a typical pittsburgher, what would you say? >> old-time pittsburghers call themselves yinsers.

instead of y'all, we say y'ins. yins coming over to heinz field with me after work today. i have to go downtown. pittsburghers have their own way of speaking. we call it pittsburghese. there have been waves of migration to pittsburgh 16,000 years ago they came up here during the ice age. the descendents of the american indian tribes are here and george washington arrived in 1753. then french and english, scots irish, german, eastern europeans arrived. today people are coming from asia and from central and south america. we are coming up on the city and county building. see the little miniature bridge? that is commemorating pittsburgh's 200th anniversary, 2016 commemorates 200 years of pittsburgh being incorporated as

a city. think about this. in 1816 there were no bridges in pittsburgh. to get across the rivers you had to swim or take a ferry, or the summertime when the water got low you could maybe wait across -- wade across. today we have over 450 bridges. i think it's fitting for the 200th birthday we use a bridges -- we've used a bridge our logo. we're going to turn left right at the alcoa building -- see that building? it is totally made of aluminum. it is right across the street from the u.s. steel building, which is completely made of steel. they had kind of a theme going. the pittsburgh plate glass building is made entirely of glass. today pittsburgh is reinventing itself yet again, from being the smoky city of heavy industry, is now eds and meds. education and medicine.

the biggest employer is the university of pittsburgh medical center that employs more than 50,000 people. education, smart technologies, uber is here, google is here, robotics centers. people come all over the globe to be educated at carnegie mellon university or the university of pittsburgh. there are more than 30 universities or colleges in the greater pittsburgh area. there is lots to see in pittsburgh. it would take you a week to see it all. what i say to america is stop on by, give pittsburgh a chance. it is not the city you might think it is. >> this weekend we are featuring the history of pittsburgh, pennsylvania. together with our comcast cable partners. learn more about pittsburgh and other stops in our cities tour at c-span.org/citiestour.

you're watching american history tv on c-span 3. >> in 1972, the saratoga national park hired archaeologist dean snow to conduct excavations at the revolutionary war battlefield. next, professor emeritus dean snow talks about his findings at the national historical park and how the archaeology work inspired his book, "1777: tipping point at saratoga." the new york military affairs symposium hosted this 90 minute event. snow's previous books include "archaeology of native north america" and "the iroquois." in all 20 books, he is known for his research into paleo