>> so the concept is this, basically, the whole black nation has to be put together as a black army, and we're going to walk on this nation, we are going to walk on this race's power structure, and we are going to say to the whole damn government, "stick 'em up, motherfucker! we've come for what's ours!" [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2016] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] ords,"ight on "afterw

author sebastian malady talks about the life and times of alan greenspan. he is interviewed by the brookings institution senior fellow of economic study. >> he was raised in the 1930's. he was the child of a single mom . his father left his mother when was only three. he was a distant figure, often unreliable, who would say he was going to come to his family and often not show up. i think this reinforced his tendency to live inside his own head. >> tonight at 9 p.m. eastern on "afterwords." .org for the entire schedule. about 12 million immigrants seeking a new life in america were taken to ellis island for questioning and screening. take ferryans today

boats to visit ellis island and see the statue of liberty. on "american artifacts," we visit the ellis island immigration museum. >> this canopy in this spot would have been a place where immigrants would have just gotten off the boat, would have lined up to go in this door and begin their process. what they had with them was virtually only what was important to them. bringing and were entire families at the same time, they had just about everything they owned. the farmland, the cattle, all of the supplies. the farm itself, just to be able to afford all of the affairs for everybody coming here. room we are entering right now is the baggage room. here is the place where immigrants got their first sight of ellis island, and to be honest, this room was very different depending on the moment you came.

in 1907, according to some floor plans i have seen, immigrants who came in this door had to go immediately to our left, their rights, where a medical examination would take place. eventually, they would end up in a staircase, which was originally write up in the middle of this ceiling. it is officially called the registry room, but we call it, and i think most people call it the great hall of ellis island. it's majestic these of architecture. up the stairs to the second floor. doctors will also meet you here. and they will give you an inspection that is just about as fast a medical inspection as you are going to get. i know sometimes they were called the six-second specialists for that reason. they were highly specialized members of the united states of who looked service

for 50 to 60 ailments that normally afflicted an immigran up the hall, a replica of perhaps 50 -- 15 to 20 linedtors' desks that the hall. here is the lot where you went through the last part of processing. manifests were answers to questions that immigrants gave. for the vast majority, this is going to be a pretty easy process. you'll answer all the questions. they will remember all the answers. they will not look too suspicious in answering, because if you look too suspicious and answering, that alone could be a reason for detention. 80% of the people who come through this building will leave to start a new life and three or four hours. about 10% are attained. someer 10%, for discrepancies in their

interrogation here. so, all told, 98% of the people who came through this building were able to get out and start their lives in america. to 13 millionion people will translate to about 45% of the american population today, who can tell you honestly that one of their ancestors came through this building, went beganh this process, and their family's american story. , it is the people reason they have come here. they have heard so much about it. it is in their family folklore, and the come back to ceiling moment or the place, i should say, where great grandma or great-grandfather came to america, answer the questions, past the medical processing, and began their family's american story. that is what ellis island is

about. it is the story of americans looking for something better, really the american dream, which i think we all cherish greatly. trump elected as president, melania trump becomes our nation from second foreign-born first lady since louisa adams. learn more in a season's book "first ladies." the life of into every presidential spouse in american history. it is the companion to c-span's well-regarded tv series and features interviews with historians, biographies of 45 first ladies, and archival photos from each of their lives. weret ladies" is available ever you buy books, and now available in paperback. wherever you buy books, and now available in paperback.

>> all we can long, american history's tv is joining our comcast cable partners and showcasing the history of pittsburgh, pennsylvania. to learn more, visit www.c-span.org/citiestour. we continue with the history of pittsburgh. mayor peduto: we are in pittsburgh, pennsylvania. towntown was a frontier with a fort settled by the french, and then along came a young major in the virginia militia with the mission of saying, hey, wait, this is land that great britain wants. this began the french and indian war. and that major's name was george washington. it is the history of meriwether lewis taking off in a boat to meet up with his buddy clark, and in the process discovering america.

it is the idea of them looking over their shoulder saying, who is going to build this country? and it was pittsburgh. at first it was glass, and then iron and than steel, than aluminum, and in the process, we built this country. ask whatif you were to made pittsburgh its berg, i would answer it has been resilience. cities, wee a lot of burned to the ground. during the 1920's and 1930's, our city was flooded. we also created disparity between our grandfathers in the mills and the people who want them. we were able to overcome all of that and build a city that became the third largest corporate center in the united states in the 1970's. pittsburgh.icago, then in 1971, we died. we had to come back again and reedit of fire self again from economic collapse -- reidentify

economic again from collapse. we lost more people then new orleans lost from katrina, and they never came back. and our city operating with a debt that was greater than new york city's when it went bankrupt. just like all of those other times, all of the challenges we had, we know two things in pittsburgh -- work hard and the other is to innovate. ended up with forward thinking people who said back in the late 1970's, let's create a robotics center. let's create the first phd and robotics, and let's start working to create an industry i can help on advanced manufacturing to maintain some of the manufacturing. and those seeds that were asnted back in the 1980's, we were going through the depression, have taken hold. andave a brand-new economy,

economy based on engineering and technology, and we stand here today as a new city again. weekend, we are featuring the history of pittsburgh, pennsylvania, together with our comcast cable partners. learn more about pittsburgh and other stops on our cities tour citiestour.an.org/ american history tv, all weekend, every weekend, on c-span3. >> in 1972, the saratoga national park hired archaeologist dean snow to conduct excavations at the revolutionary war battlefield. next, professor emeritus dean snow talks about his findings at the national historical park and how the archaeology work inspired his book, "1777: tipping point at saratoga." the new york military affairs symposium hosted this 90 minute