not addressing concerns, the concerns are driving this. but it's also the inability of what drove their reaction was the inability of the government to be reactive to their concerns. that's what's happened. they don't think england was standing up to the eu and driving part of this. you go through the elections and look what's happening. it's as much a reaction to the failure of the plit u call system to dras core economic issues. so the foundation is economic, but the hammer was very focused on breaking up and moving the political system into a place that would address these core insecurities. >> it didn't sound as good. >> these are frankly two excellent observations for some reason don't seem to have made it into mainstream discourse. i want to focus on geography for one second and then move into policy u and politics.

if you read the american media, and you take this urban/rural riff, you would sort of conclusion what we must be talking about is manhattan or the loop in chicago and some mythical rural area far from these urban cores. the fact of the matter in the united states is half the people who live in rural america actually live in met are poll tan areas. so when you droif from the do downtown of chicago, you ultimately get to some of these rural counties and people are commuting back in. when we're in england, apologize from an american perspective, you can drive through england in three hours or four hours. >> it was all to say u there's the politics of proximity that you can go from the core of manchester or the core of

sheffield or liverpool and you're in there pretty quick. so what explains -- in some respects what we're talking about are urban cores, older suburbs, suburbs maybe built in the '70s and '90s, rural counties that have interdependent economies that are not that it far from each other. so how has this divide become so large? >> i think with the uk, they are two distinct differences. the first is the kind of specter of london, which is this great death star within the uk sucking in all the talent and money and the level of resistance and opposition and the notion that london takes more than its fair share of public spending, more than its fair share of

infrastructure, and so you link with notion the finance and effects of the 2008 financial crash with the city of london and so hostility to brussels and europe was also in a sense hostility to london and the meaning of london. and with the u.s. is here you have your liberal coastal zones. in the uk, the coastal areas were the areas that voted strongly to leave europe as well. you have a great deal of poverty. you have far too many communities feeling left behind. the coastal zones in the uk also felt strongly that they were being left behind by the kind of economic progress. alongside those kind of r more obvious rural town areas.

for the labor party, again, what brexit did was exacerbate this disconnection from the smaller market towns and more provinch shl areas. we have been losing them for some time and this kind of accelerated the process. so i do think geography is important. but just the kind of spatial element of it, you care slightly different. >> i hate to look at it as the way i'm about to say it, but it's politically promising because the suburban vote move s to a progressive vision. rural and urban are more diametrically opposed. if it you look at '92 results, '96 results, against bush when we took back the house and senate. the promising real estate

politically for democrats is in the suburban area. the e key politically then there's an observation what policies cross between our strength of our urban and a dialogue and integration of self-interest with suburban so they are not divisive. used to be urban and suburban. it's now urban/rural. there's an opportunity in the suburbs. we have an asian-u.s. senator. her replacement is is an indian. that's it looking more and more like a city. that's an opportunity on education, all the things that come to a quality of life and the economic vibrancy. where do we win and lose.

a whole host of issues on the social policies of inclusion. if anything there's a huge opportunity it to drive a wedge between suburban and rural. sorry talking about wedge politics that way, but second is there's more commonty on infrastructure investment and on training and universities and quality of life issues that should be a natural dialogue. so that's not only the right policies, they are good policies. they are fundamentally good politics is an opportunity to get one plus one. >> so we're et getting to the policy mix here. i think as we move forward, this is a reflection of the united states. we're going from hard gridlock over the past six years. a lot of stuff happened in '09 and 2010, but since then,

there's bits and pieces of legislation that have been done at the federal level. and we're moving essentially to like another first 100 days potentially an aggressive, ambitious national agenda to move through republican controlled congress and a white house. the question of and you were just with the president-elect on wednesday. where are those areas where at this point we do really need to stand ground? because there's a fundamental difference of opinion and a different demographic, to some extent, between our major cities and you delivered the letter to the mayors of the major cities around the sanction ware issue. where are those areas where we really do need to have a fundamental fight and where are those potential areas, which frankly not a lot of people have talked about where there's

possibilities for slab ration. i thought i would start with the mayor and sort of take it over into the english context. >> i do think places where we're going to have cooperation and there's places we're going to have confrontation. i delivered the letter wean chicago has a great deal of dreame dreamers. these are kids who parents brugt them here, gave the fwoft name, address, phone number and they are going to college. these are kids that are honoring their parent's sacrifice and struggle to come and embrace the american dream. i say that as a grandson of somebody that came to the city of chicago in 1917. my grandfather and chicago was a sanctuary u.

he's leaving eastern europe. his grandson is the mayor of the city. it's an incredibly u powerful statement. these are good kids. i don't believe the government should be asking you for information and doing a bait and switch and using that information against you. it's a fundamental violation of what is right. so no ground to give. i also then believe that it there's more cities that will become sanctuaries. it's going to go up. that's happening in illinois. cities that it's not just big cities. cities that realize how important it is for their economy, their housing to be protective of people that have come. immigrants is not just an urban center e phenomenon. so on the other hand, i believe you look at chicago's economy, as i have said given our aviation system, our public transportation system, we're the

only city where all seven rail lines run through. you look at our road. investing in infrastructure, it's been a key piece of my economic strategy for chicago u. transportation is a fundamental not only job creator today but of job growth going forward. we have seen it in the city where we have opened up public transportation stops to what we have done on the airport, what we have done in other parts of the economy. that investment in infrastructure and transportation is a job creator and economic engine. and there are ways to maximize accounts to do that. i would also say another place given his e vote and for our own policy goals, in chicago we have a thing called a chicago star scholarship. if you get to 3.0 in high school in chicago, we make community college free. only city to do it. it's open to everybody regardless of your family's

status. 3.0, you earn free two years of community college. we have just started if you get a b average in community college, the universities in chicago will give you anywhere from 35% to 50% off tuition. the only place you can go to college like that. that can be a place of cooperation because if you look at his political base, he will see the community college as an economic tool not just for jobs, but for careers and as a tool of talent building. so those are placement on immigration. if you give just an unbelievable l give away to the wealthy. if you want to do stuff on earned income tax credit, on poverty credits for people that wo work, but if this is just another give away, you're going to have a fight.

>> the community college piece for a second. >> i'm just touching on some issues. >> i think it's really important. for people in the audience, what you have done on remaking your community college system using this sort of german apresentship is nothing short of transformative. what's interesting is the republican governor of tennessee basically has the same approach and the two of you have begun to work together. . in some respects, what we're talking about is there may be common ground between the number of republican governor and a number of big city mayors on these kinds of practical issues. i just want is that solutional or really practical? >> not in america.

in chicago we took our seven best creating job industries. health care, transportation distribution, professional services, hospitality, advanced manufacturing, social services. each school has a focus. give you an example. this month i'm opening up at o'hare on the first stage of one of the largest facility at a gateway airport. o'hare's runways was a a big deal in getting it. but harvey is a school on transportation distribution and it's tipped the balance for us because now they have as best a guarantee to people coming out with cdls on truck driving that people are look iing for certaiy in the workforce. and that's a great investment. i give you whole foods moved from indiana, mr. vice

president, their distribution center to chicago two miles down the road from olive harvey, the transportation distribution logistics. they moved to chicago south side from indiana. it's just a mile. plus all these highways. so talent, training, transportation. that's how you create, in my view, inclusive economic success so more people feel like today's economy is working with them rather than against them. we have used -- the governor in tennessee came up with his model. and when you ensure and ultimately what we're trying to do in chicago is 12th grade is no longer the end point of public responsibilities. erbe is going to go 14th grade. that's what we're driving towards. >> does this play in britain? >> yes, i mean, first of all, the importance of having decent technical and vocational

educational pathways is so significant. the problem in britain is the centralization of so much of that educational policymaking we're only beginning now to think about how we can day involve that. i think what is more challenging in terms of the brexit vote and policymaking is immigration. immigration was the run away issue in terms of public policy for the brexit vote because of our membership with the european union and the number of eastern european migrants who would come to the uk as a result of the free movement of labor across the european union. so for those towns feeling under pressure economically, who correla correlated with high levels of

migration taking back control. it was the element that spurred them to vote. and with cities like liverpool and manchester or cambridge or london want to succeed, we have in terms of public policy, there's a real challenge that if you want to attract talent, you have to be open and yet the vote was partly about pulling the drawbridge up to a certain extent and it's going -- we're already seeing talent not coming to the uk. we're seeing talent making decisions about going elsewhere in the world because they don't have certainty about immigration in the future. >> this is your show, but to me this is what happens when you have a middle child. in my view whether it's vocational or four year, education should be the unify

ing capacity given some resentment that people from around the world are coming to get it in london that aren't open to people in england. and driving education in manchester in the cities you notified should be the opportunity where people people hopeful about tomorrow where they don't feel it's coming at their expense and gaining our pa part. >> i think that's right. it's the arbiter of the vote, but also the public policy solution. but we need to, and i think you have the same conversation, regear our educational system to deal with a long tail of

underachievement. and we still have an incredibly old fashioned model of industrial education, which is not up o to speed with what the modern world demands. we're seeing that political frustration from politicians. one of the policy solutions to the challenge of globalization playing itself out. and education absolutely has to be front and center of the solution. >> i want to stay with you for a second. england is one of the most centralized nations in. we talk about england as north korea with elections. . >> it is become. ing a one policy state. >> terms of the power that is centralized in white hall and among a very few number of people, when tony blair was prime minister, you would say

how much power is invest ed had in two or three or four people. very different in the united states. what is beginning to happen is the rise of localism and the rise of national government beginning to do city deals and def lugs agreements with manchester and greater manchester. some of your colleagues in the labor party are now running to be the mayor of greater manchester and other cities. how does that apply? >> i think we're seeing this very interesting political shift, which has always been the case here in the u.s. and on the european continent of national politicians stepping down from national posts and natural logistics to run in their hometowns and cities to be may mayors because there's some political power to do something.

it au tracts the talent and what we're seeing is much greater degree of fiscal autonomy given to city regions, which is attracting political leadership. what we have seen recently u is a series of city seen recently a series of so-called city deals which involve allocation of large areas of government spending at a more local level and crucially breaking down the kind of silos and barriers surrounding that. so you're putting health and social care spending together. skills training, transport training on the table. as a result of which you saw labor leaders of local authorities do deals with conservative government about how to manage this. and so i'll say two things. first of all, from a progressive standpoint, as it were, the traditional kind of status approach from the center of

redistributioning aggressively from the center, i think we have now realized this is only going to get you so far. and in other european countries where you have much greater levels you challenge inequality much more effectively. the mayor he knows what he needs or she needs to challenge. this idea that you can't trust them or it has to be run from the center is decane. for others in the u.s. is that it will be great in the united states to see those community deals and the allocation of federal funding to metropolitan authorities what we did in the uk is essentially carve out a lot of the county.

>> you write the word devolve. look, my stake is the politicians is reacting the way they see national governments totally dysfunctional, not being able to get out of the log jam. it is the most intimate people feel they can control. in my view, i talk to you about what i have done. i made kinder garth especially

universal full day for every in chicago. it had an immediate impact. we did it minimum wage. the largest increase by anybody ever in the educational system. two and a half more years to a child's education in k-12. now our fourth graders are number three in reading games where one of three were math and reading. and our graduation rate has grown by a third in four years. you can impact a policy and have a political system that actually is responsive to people.

we have had the largest drop in poverty. i'm not going to tell you what you can't do. it has to be in agreement. and this we don't have. we have gone on summer jobs from 14,500 kids growing it to over 100%. the federal government has come down to fewer than those kids. it's nuts. same thing on after school. we have doubled the amount. and the federal government has walked away. now we are doing universal, and i have no federal money. i'm okay with local control. we're close to the ground and all that.

what i can't afford is not only to walk away but a head win to socioeconomic levels. i would love nothing more than to have a federal partner giving his activity thes after school and activities after -- during the summer. but they're not there. so i am -- i love the city. i love being a mayor. it's the best job i have had in public life. their role in the economy harder, not easier. >> folks, begin to prepare questions and then kristin will take them and will begin to respond to some of them.

i want to sort of keep on this point. it strikes me that you are talking about a new partnership with the national government. but at a time where you have invented a bunch of new tools using some federal resources that frankly no one in this town is even aware of, i mean, you rebuilt your river front. you are doing this stuff at the airport. you're thinking about a big transit sort of move off of programs, tifia, another one around rail. i think 99.9% of the policy in this town have never heard of this stuff. >> i didn't know about this. it's not like everybody gets an f for not knowing it. there is a program in the department of transportation called tifia. we built two things. or built one in the process. we have used it seven times.

we are building at o'hare long distance parking and car rental facility. $1.2 billion project. the federal government gave us 120 million. if i can't raise the rates i should be in business. to me there's $14 billion there in tifia. we did our river walk, which has led to billions in hotels, office buildings, tremendous amount. zero local dollars. i raised the rates, architectural railroad, you're paying back the river walk. they gave us $90 million.

you pay it back. new bus and rail. those are examples. i have given you a 10 time multiple. 30 billion and you get a 3 billion multiple. and allow private money to invest in a garage at o'hare. but it's junior to the public. the public gets paid first. if things go south, public gets paid first. but you would get more leverage. it exists. democrats are for it. they have already voted for it. we are doing all new rail cars and buses. by 2019, they will all be totally rebuilt or new. tifia. the river walk, airport, just giving you the entire length of

the city. those are examples how to the use. # now we're working it because it's a real infrastructure bank and it exists. it just needs to be grown. rif is a rail account. and there's $30 billion. nobody can get their hands on it because it's so tight of credit. that to me is another multiple where you get 300 of multiple if you allow more tifia like credit analysis. it is is merely -- i don't like using the term loosening up but for tifia lending outlet. there you can get public-private money, invest, create jobs that can't be outsourced. blue collar jobs, labors, plumbers, pipe fitters, and

expand. to me those are the opportunities in a new infrastructure world. >> it sounds like what we're talking about is the art of the deal. but in some respects both the political deal but just the knowledge of what it takes to have value in a city, public investment, public leadership, public vision, private capital backed about a smart national government. >> the tragedy in the uk is one of the partners was very much the european union. so they are rebuilding our post industrial cities. they were good at leveraging money. one of the key sort ofinancial support systems for our universities was the european union.

you asked if trump's policy will help the very people that voted. i would argue no. from clean air. so we are sitting here analyzing where people voted against what should have been self interest. politics is not only just a rational line. it is an emotional endeavor. there is a lot of emotion running through people's lives right now. we should remember while we try to analyze and understand what happened, it's not what one would have called a self interested vote. but there is a lot of emotional relationship. i don't say it in a negative way. we have to understand where people are, how they are living

their lives. >> i think you're absolutely right. more than that, we spelled out in very graphic terms this is going to hit every family by 4,000 pounds a year in terms of leaving the european union. and they said okay. >> let's go. >> yeah. >> there's some really great questions here. i want to raise an issue about something that hasn't been talked about and that is climate. this is both to the mayor. talk about the sustainable initiative you launched a few years ago, whether that is now under threat. and then talk about what's the impacts of pwrebgs it on co2 emissions and what had been sort of fits and starts of a climate policy in britain.

>> it is certainly there in policy makings. we are reaching a tipping point on the cities, some of the public transport infrastructure a lot of that support from the european union. they were pregnantive partners in the policy making. i don't think it is is going to have a huge impact. it is now in the. >> i just came back from a conference in mexico. 80 cities the on global climate

change. a couple things. in 2012 chicago was the only city left with two coal operating plants. i told the ceo i really think you should shut these down. if you don't, natural gas will. get in front of the parade. they ended up shutting them down the. a 20-year debate we ended. it was right on the river. so we have done that. second, while we always talk about nuclear, coal, gas, renewables, the fifth energy source is doing retro fits. we have 54 million square feet in the city of and we have public -- our resources or our

buildings, we have private. millennials is one of the drivers of the learning centers. they want to go in a positive, affirmative way. we have driven that now in the residential a lot harder. people think it is the panacea. it is is very difficult on an office building. the city is never going back to us. it is in our is self interest. it is a classic case where the federal government, if he pulls out of the international agreements, i don't see the city reversing what it is going to do. the government is working against your economic engine rather than with it. the other thing, and i want to echo this. we have more universities than any other city in the united states but boston. the amount of work that's going on on, intellectual work that will lead to companies -- just a

pure driver of mcactivity. with the university of chicago, university of illinois, northwestern. >> this is like the worst handwriting i have ever seen in my life. i'll be like your first grade teacher. this is a nightmare. i'm talking to go your parents tonight. so we're going to take a question from twitter sphere. >> a research fellow at georgetown cutter. her question is how tenable is the cosmopolitan dream. aren't brexit and trump an indication that it is no more than a dream? >> no.

>> we were thinking that demography was destiny when it crs or of urbanure of th life w necessarily push politics in a majority cosmopolitan way. i think that when you have these populist moments that we're seeing in britain, that we're seeing in the united states, that we're seeing on the european continent, what you also tend to have are great progressive moments. that some of the anger after a while runs itself out. there is frustration that those who promised so much who failed to deliver. that's the kind of exciting pivot point for progressives to step in and have the political

leadership and the policy solutions to say this is how we can work out of it. optimistic. i think there needs to be a richer appreciation and understanding of the urges and frustrations behind some of these votes and dismissing this as racism, not understanding what your best interests were is a dead end for politics. >> i don't know what people think the metropolitan dream is. e'st piece of work you have to do. put that aside. i would say in chicago we have 140 languages spoken in our

public schools. we have the fifth largest mexican population. it's a fact. in poland, we have the largest city outside of warsaw in polish. not just polish americans. polish. i believe in a culturally inclusive nature where amy and i teach our children about the differences should be somet lrn cetera. i believe when chicago both had civil unions and now gay marriage, i have a state and a city supporting what we are trying to teach our chiropractor as a value perspective. we teach our kids people come

from all walks of life. to a city that embraces gay marriage. we have a value system that embraces a very important value system that we are trying to teach our kids i think that is a important cosmopolitan but right for the future because it is only more diverse, not less. back to what does that mean for those who voted for trump, i don't think we should lose sight that they have been not only dismissive. we haven't talked to people the way they live their lives. their values, their lives, their children's lives are as valuable as the lives of other children from other ethnicities, backgrounds, other family structures. we have talked about it, communicated. we think one is is superior to the other.

and it's not. it's just another lifestyle. we should be inclusive if we're really going to be inclusive. >> right. tough question. both of you talk a lot about education. there is a technological phase. automation is a reality. there is a piece on npr yesterday. they interviewed an uber driver. they said uber has been disruptive. this driver basically said i'm a little worried about going to vehicles with uber on the forefront. in five years i'm out of a job. so how do we think about education and skills in the face of robotics in the face of automation? are you technological optimists, pessimists, somewhere in between? and how do we adjust?

>> there's always this tension between the growth of technology, the loss of jobs and the degree to which it will create new jobs. actually the step change is such that the kind of growth we will see is simply not going to provide those levels of employment we have seen in the past. then you get to a conversation around universal. the kind of wealth creation and the distribution of the weight. what happens with that. cities will be leaders because this is where it is going to take place first. but i think i would say as a progressive in terms of globalization is and technology, these are not value free choices. choices can be made and decisions taken. so in london, when it comes to

uber, we are in a period of flux with uber in london. three drivers have taken uber to court to say actually we're not just on on your web platform. we are employees of uber and require holiday pay and sickness pay. the first judgment has gone in their favor. is is that against the future or labor standing up to capital when wages have been driven down. is this a different way of thinking about technology and growth and where should we stand on the side of that? what i would say is we are going to the see incredible challenges to levels of employment.

politicians is have to make decisions. this is part of the problem with globalization. there is this thing happening and it is is unfortunate. but you can't resist. well, actual you can make political and public decisions which affect how new systems are difficulty beautied. >> look, it's a fact. now the question is are we going to make more winners or more losers? and i think through education we can create more winners. i don't want to do this. but you can't stop technology. you can't stop the revolution of technology. people see technology and the changes as friend rather than foe. so my whole thing -- i should have done the tape like you wanted originally is what we have done in additional hours on math and science in our elementary. by 2018, we're on schedule.

you can't graduate from high school without taking a course in computer code writing. we are about to do something around cyber security and a six-month boot camp. there isality research that goes on. can you, through education create i don't want to say a platform. it sounds so analytical. but an equalizer where technology and the change is coming is people look at it as more they have the capacity to adapt to it and make it work for them. right now people feel obviously they and their children are losing out in this race. and we can actually make more winners and more qualifying winners by adapting again. we keep coming back on cultural, economics where education is the nexus of division and the nexus of where we think we can bring things together.

those are things we are doing. i believe technology is an opportunity but we shouldn't dismiss right now the threat people feel from it. >> i think within that, though, in a policy level, and i think the u.s. is better than the uk on this. we have got to get our universities which have had is such a global outlook and done incredibly successfully the level of disengagement is remarkable. you can have world universities with the most terrible schooling around them. and the traditional academic response is we run universities. it's all very different. >> i'm a champion in chicago. our universities are incredibly invested in the stes of the city. and i can't say enough. i meet with each of the

presidents. they all have a relationship with a specific high school. due paul has a relationship with lakeview high school. columbia. you go through every one of them, they have a high school. they're not just like a volunteer. it is part of their education. i don't know what's going on in england. but i'm going to tell you, we're the number one city in corporate relocation. i would say two corporations out, give me another university. they are unbelievable and great numbers in the is city of chicago. we would not be be the city we are at every level without them. and not just from an academic we want to study urban america. integrated into the life blood of the city. cultural incomes, economic

engines are all across the city. they are anchors in our neighborhood. i can't say enough good things about our universities. even though i'm about to go hit them up to do more. >> the american way. >> there is a series of questions in here about the juxtaposition on one hand fake news. is and a campaign where a large portion was can conduct canned without any reference to stan khaeugz of fact. so much is driven by con standpoint flows of advanced research and development and then gets commercialized.

they stem from the fact that this is a country with fits and starts that invested since world war ii. >> can i just say one thing. >> yeah. >> this is a classic to me way of the difference between the washington new york beltway looks at things and the way they are. you say fake news. they think main streak is fake and mainstream is real. we talk about what they are looking at. they think the mainstream is fake.

>> has fake news been an issue in britain? >> the cultural and political implications are phenomenal. it is really dramatic. the stripping out of local newspapers and how that removes a space which leaders don't always enjoy. but how that removes a space for political conversation and debate. is certainly the last five

years, the degree to which face book has just eaten the out of the economics of local news productions. made in the uk, the state broadcast bbc more powerful in platforms. it is is the one trusted brand. i was saying earlier. joining the lead up to the referendum i asked about the referendum, david cameron, sort of vague idea what was going on. i asked is who the republican no, ma'am he knee to the american president was. all their hands went up about donald trump. he's going to build a wall. he got a loan from his father to

start a business. and they produced this information from facebook. and i actually think the editorial decision mark zuckerberg are enormously important in how they begin to manage that and think about themselves. uber can't just think of itself as a web platform. >> when we were talking earlier i gave this anecdote. i take the train to work twice a week. i read four papers. grandpa is the only guy reading the paper. i remember the mckinley presidency. is and i read on my ipad so i don't look like a nerd. but everybody is on their

smartphone. they are going through information et cetera. as i had, i read four papers a day. i come home and have dinner with my kids. and they know stuff. where was that? i didn't see that. they say, see, dad, you're stupid. but it is an amazing amount of what they surf across. there is a race between the alternative. i think we're in such an early stage to even guess what this means. it would be exactly that, a guess. it has radically changed who is the gate keeper, which makes main stream media very nervous. it is also the, as you said, facebook is more than a platform. they are making an editorial comment in the name of not making an editorial comment. and that ain't going to hold. >> how many people are tweeting in the audience today? okay.

it's very interesting to go around the united states and then to go to other countries. there are some places that have become a social media culture across all generations, across all walks of life. and there's other places that are still waking subpoena and reading whatever is left of the local paper. it is quite interesting to see how this plays out. >> the flip side is social media and internet provision and policies. . driving so much is the online retail and what that is doing. those are the two are not unconnected. >> you gave a talk earlier this year on a topic you called -- an

idea you called radical localism. i thought it would be interesting if you could sort of describe that to the an american audience. obviously it occurs within a very centralized state where you are beginning to loosen up the reigns. you look to a place like germany and you see evolution, devolution, and all of that. to what extent do you think that ideas plays out in our republic? >> i think it does. you are more advanced because of federalism and the cultural within the uk. and britain still sits in the shadow of the second world war and the extraordinary centralization is and nationalization of so much in those eras. is and myself as a background, as a historian, i was always struck by the degree of which they had great self-governing city like manchester, liverpool, and birmingham and how we

allowed that to be lost. and part of what i was arguing in terms of radical localism is exactly what we have been talking about today, the fiscal autonomy and the ability to raise finances locally. the ability to make decisions about the government spending on local priorities. the ability to attract political talent which is only going to come with autonomy. the great period of british cities is when they were great trading enterprises, utilities, and in retail, in development. and this is an exciting moment. because all the work you have done about the opportunities

surrounding urban policy, and we have great world cities in the uk but we have a political system and political structure i think is holding them back. >> this gets to the climate change question as well. i don't see the mayors that went to mexico city is and paris even if some international agreements fell apart walking away from their agreement. they see it in their economic self interest. i signed a gateway agreement. the only city in the united states. chicago. the eight biggest in chicago. i can't wait for a major trade agreement or whatever. so we're moving. i'm aware there's limitations of what chicago, beijing and mexico city can do on their own. we can't have world peace break

out. in march the mayor of paris and i agreed to have a conference in chicago on cities and waterways. with lake michigan, as well as what we're doing on our river. they have done incredible things with the auto traffic. it is is now going to be a river walk. cities can do things in collaboration. not just study it but implement it. but there's limitations on forces like globalization, technology. there are limitations what you can do without a federal partner. we can't push back certain forces that are bigger. we can do certain things where we put a flag down and we're not moving. like this. it's in our self interest. they are the values of who we are and who we identify with. we're going to be clear about what we think we can do.

and so it is no accident. i bet you no city, if the federal government reversus course, i don't see them doing that on minimum wage. >> is absolutely. >> there are great opportunities. you can't really on your own fight the currents. >> a few last questions. maybe we'll start with the mayor. we have begun to examine the need for urban reform in the face of -- >> you're asking where we kind the phrase we're not ready for reform. >> complete hostility. >> that's a partisan remark. >> so when we look at a group of cities in the united states, and we vice president taken a hard

look at chicago, what we see is a proliferation going back 100 years ago. it would be interesting to see the british analog to this. but 100 years ago in the progressive era, what we began to do is take power away from political machines. and we began to take a lot of power and put it into authorities, school districts, housing authorities, redevelopment authorities after the war. water/sewer authorities. just on and on and on. when you go into our cities most people think, you're in control. you may actually be in control with many of these different authorities. each one has been a specialized culture to protect from political interference. in certain cities like new york, the port authority, for example, well, we all saw bridgegate or whatever with governor christie. political interference

continues. but we're beginning to think that we might need a 21st century reset of this fragmentation of power within the cities. and frankly within the metropolitan areas. does that ring true? i better start figuring out another. >> let the record show that i did not swear. >> i know, i know. . >> i may have an influence on your language, but -- some between the two of us it was going to be a silent competition. >> you can win that race. right. >> my gut sense, there is a curse of specialization that we have experienced in the united states and compartmentalized decisions. and at the end of the day, no one is in charge. and we have to begin to rethink

how we govern our cities in more radical ways building on radical localism. >> i think in the uk context, it's -- i mean, we are in this moment of pushing power down in city region levels, you know, with exciting consequences. but you've got to have tran transparenc transparency. schools commissioners. the level of openness for example that the new york schools commissioner has to have about opening a school or closing a school and the decisions surround issing that is really refreshing from a uk perspective where these decisions are made by civil serve ants about where funding can and cannot be allocated.

there was an organization called the london residuary board. we stripped a lot of that out i think there is still residual, more residual. >> chicago has a strong mayor system. >> right boston, philly, new york. i'm thinking governance. what makes sense.

the mayor has kindergarten to 12 and also the community college system. that is not true in every city. we are trying to go from a kindergarten to 12th to pre-k to college model. and you need someone willing to have responsibility is and accountability to drive that and towards that effort. but i give you -- what is smart cities? it is is not just data collection. it's about that reform effort that makes government responsive, integral part of people's lives in a responsive way. we were building a high school in the back of the yards, right behind the stock yards in chicago. that's why it is called back of the yards. mainly hispanic community. it is an incredible facility. it has been open four years. after it was being constructed,

the neighborhood said we haven't had a library. harrisburg is down. i swim in the morning. so one day i said we will put a neighborhood library in the public high school. what do you mean? they are over here, schools are over here. no. i don't have a different capital fund for the libraries. so the library went from the third to the first floor. one entrance from people in the neighborhood and one for high school students. we now have a library in a public high school. which has huge benefits for multiple generations altogether in the same place. we are embarking in three or four neighborhoods of building veteran housing and senior housing with a library on the first floor. housing used to be over here. library is over here. schools over here. and using capital dollars in a more efficient way with a social

impact. i can't think of anything better than the kids on western avenue. from an inclusive policy. to me that's how you kind of rethink the way government -- and the truth is why are office spaces, to thick this farther. mcdonald's, we just broke ground. left its campus in oak brook. now building a google like platform. we are bringing different divisions into a collaborative model. that's exactly what we should be doing at the city level, how to bring the people, one other

example, the 606, poor neighborhoods. they all share one park three miles together. it brought people that never would have been in the same vicinity on one space. housing, library, public schools, library. collaborating exactly where corporate america are going right now physically we should be doing the same with city government. >> last question. that was really, really interesting. >> i got an a. you got an f on the handwriting. and i will try not to curse in public. >> i would just like to say, my words were never taken down and stripped from the public record. six years. i was that close. >> last question. building on something that was

said. if we do go back in history, artistry, your history, we see the rise in pop limp, xenophobia and a whole bunch of ugliness at times, followed by periods of progressiveness. and your response initially or our comment initially was that there is a reaction to inaction at times. or there is a reaction to pulling things back. the question is for our cities, you know, and large, medium and small is whether they can, and by cities i also mean urban counties and some parts of the united states it would be the whole metropolis given the unity between the city and the urban areas. can our cities basically drive or accelerate a different kinds of future. what are the kinds of actions they need to take to basically

show a morin collusive future to a very broad segment? >> i think that's a very powerful question. i think it was said there are red lines on some of these issues about the politics that the cities embody around education and immigration. there are values issues. you know, those will be fought for. but there's also this leadership moment about what the cities can do in an era when national politics is distrusted. when washington is not trusted. so the response to what we're seeing certainly in the united states and some of the language we're seeing in the uk, much of that will come from civic leaders. but i think it will also come from our great institutions in urban areas. and i think what i would say had we think about this

relationship, we have had a very strong language around global cities, world cities and the inter connection between chicago, mumbai, london, melbourne. and that's been hugely rewarding for those cities. but we need the cities to talk to their lands and the provinces to which they are connected. that means, as we have discussed the universities. but it also means our great cultural institutions, museums, galleries. we see a stripping out of cultural provision outside of our great metropolitan be center. it means our businesses and the language we speak, where is that being taken from? so it seems to me there is political leadership. but part of that is civic leaders talking to the other great institutions in urban areas which have such capital and social capital invested is and imbedded in them require to

those other parts of the country which are feeling left behind by globalization. so if some of that richness of globalization. if some of that advantage that has come to urban areas is then spread more effectively, by cultural and economic leaders, i think we have a path going forward. >> a lot of this is was urban, suburban, rural, what is happening in the economic and political vanes and what has been the reaction. education, training, education. you know, my goal. we talk about not having a screen phobic moment. but as a mayor, and i don't want to speak for other mayors but we all have this given the diversity of our cities, is to make sure that, you know, when you see chicago in your mind's

you have this incredible natural beauty of the lake with this incredible man made beauty of our skyline which represents both the strength, this optimism, this courage, this vibrancy and vitality. and my goal as i see as a mayor, and we talk -- and chicago is a global city in the heartland of america. it is the most american of american cities. and it is quintessential. if you're a child from the back of the yards or a child from engel wood or from rogers park or from saug dash or rose land, if you walk out of your home, your place of worship and you look at this incredible city is and this energy and this optimism, this strength, if you think that city and you are in the same city, it's not going to stop chicago.

but for a child out of woodlawn or back of the yards, if they think it has nothing to do with them or their future, we will never be. my first and primary test is i think chicago is rated consistently as one of the most economic competitive cities in the world. we talk about this urban dynam idynamis is m. can every child see the future embracing their future. and if i can bring that, nothing is going to hold us back. that is different than the divide between chicago and mchenry county. that to me -- and then i do believe cities have. primary

help, resourcesis and tools to bridge that divide for one future. then we are all that stronger because there's 20 metropolitan areas in the united states that drive it into energy of the united states economy. >> so i just want to end where i began. i think these are the two right people sort of an accident, hey, i want to come over to the united states. this is a sanctuary think tank. and then the mayor basically called and said it's time to have a smart conversation about the election be and what comes. so i think these are the two best people to have this conversation. thank you very much. please work on your handwriting. [ applause ].

president-elect donald trump today announced he's appointing montana congressman ryan zinke for interior secretary. mr. zinke serves on the natural resources committee which has oversight of the interior department. earlier this year, he asked the current interior secretary, sally jewel, about the department's priorities. >> i'm sure we all agree the importance of our parts. by looking at your budget, we all know you're behind. and i just finished talking to the superintendent of

yellowstone, the superintendent of glacier. i know how important it is. i grew up in the backyard. and you and i both toured the parks. on your budget, it doesn't seem like you prioritized the infrastructure. if infrastructure is so important on road maintenance, why isn't it at the top of the list as far as natural parks. >> infrastructure and beginning to deal with the backlog is a high priority in your budget. so it is in there not only in the discretionary budget but in our initiatives for the centennial. >> would you say it is a top priority? as you look through it, there are others in there. before some of these other educational programs. >> in our centennial year of the park service visitor experience is also important. >> president-elect visiting

states that he won back in november. today he heads to hershey, pennsylvania you can what much that live on c-span starting 7:00 p.m. eastern. tomorrow the victory tour will continue with a visit to the central florida fair grounds in orlando. then saturday, president-elect trump holds a rally in mobile, alabama. all three rallies live on c-span. and then monday, presidential electors will be meeting in their state capitals. live coverage from four states as they cast their ballots for president and vice president beginning at 11:00 a.m. eastern, live coverage from springfield, illinois, harrisburg, pennsylvania, lansing, michigan, and richmond, virginia. >> follow the transition of government on c-span as president-elect donald trump selects his cabinet and the republicans and democrats prepare for the next congress. we'll take you to key events as they happen without interruption. watch live on c-span.

watch on demand at c-span.org or listen on our c-span radio app. next week is authors week on washington journal featuring live one-hour segments with a new author each day beginning 8:30 a.m. eastern. sunday, december 17th, j.d. vance on hill billy elogy. monday, december 19th, charles murray will talk about his book "in our hands," a plan to replace the welfare state. on tuesday, december 20th, mark levinson, will discuss his book "an extraordinary time, the end of the post world boom and return of the ordinary economy." wednesday, december 21st, carol anderson will talk about her book, "white rage, the unspoken truth of our racial divide." and author james kitfield, "title warriors." revolutionizing the american way

of war. and author cathy kramer with "the politics of resentment." the rise of scott walker. on saturday, december 24th, two authors will join us. tom geldon with "a nation of nation." an immigration story. and robert jones with "the end of white christian america." finally, sunday, disease 25th, tebby troy, "shall we wake the president." washington journal, beginning sunday, december 18th, at 8:30 eastern. the senate foreign realizes committee recently held iran's role in supporting terrorists groups in the middle east and around the world. two pentagon officials chaired the hearing. it was chaired by senator bob corcoran.

>> business meeting in the foreign relations committee will come to order. i know we don't have a quorum yet, but we'll go ahead and get the front end out of the way so we hopefully can move quickly through it. i want to thank everybody for being here. on the jaebd agenda for today, ten pieces of legislation, one treaty, one nomination, multiple foreign service officer lists. first, we will consider six foreign service officer lists of over 400 persian knell refonnel

the committee. i support promotions and thank all of these officers for their service, we'll also consider the nomination of miss camilla lockdeer, to be a u.s. am ba ambassador to malaysia. i want to thank my colleagues for helping the committee take these steps forward on her nomination today. we'll also consider resolution of ratification that supports the asession of montenegro to north atlantic treaty organization. i want to thank our chairman, ron johnson, for having a great hearing on that especially when you had so many other challenging things occurring at the time and allowing us to be able to move ahead with this today. thank you very much. montenegro is implemented through tough reforms. tough reforms to address corruption and other rule of all standards. more work by the montenegran government will be necessary and their progress set for nato allies.

this committee reviewed it, and believe it is in the interest of the united states. we'll also consider hcon res 40, encouraging reunions of divided korean american families. i'd like to thank senator kirk, congressman rangel, and chairman royce for being champions of korean divided families. i am pleased to lend my support for this resolution. next on the agenda, expressing concern over the disappearance of david snaden. i'd like to thank senator lee for his leadership in this matter and pleased to support this resolution. i express my sympathy to the snaden family and ongoing uncertainty about their son, david. i'm confident the u.s. government will continue to investigate any information that may come to light regarding david's disappearance or any american citizen missing abroad. we'll also consider scon res 57

honoring the life of the king of thailand. also like to thank senator hatch for introducing this timely bipartisan solution. also on the agenda today is s res 535 expressing the sense of the senate regarding the trafficking of fentanyl in the united states from mexico and china. united states is experiencing a prescription opioid and heroin overdose epidemic claiming thousands of lives each year. i want to thank senators markey and rubio for their work and leadership on this important issue. we'll also consider s res 537, expressing profound concern about the ongoing political and economic -- economic, social and humanitarian crisis in venezuela, urging the release of political prisoners and calling for respect of constitutional and democratic processes. i thank senators cardin, rubio, menendez, kaine, boxer for bringing this before the committee. the situation in venezuela is

tragic and people are suffering. we all hope they can find a peaceful electoral way out of this crisis. we'll consider s8 to provide the approval of agreement for cooperation between the government of the united states and the government concerning peaceful uses of nuclear energy. this will cause a civil nuclear cooperation agreement with norway to come into effect in advance of the completion of the 90-day congressional review period which occurs after we have adjourned on december the 16th. absent this affirmative approval of agreement, the administration will complete a trilateral servicing agreement with norway and the iaea which is not subject to congressional review or oversight. this committee held briefings and a hearing and found the agreement not to be objectionable, though we wish that the administration, as i'm sure senator markey will echo, had not included advanced

consent for the retransfer for storage and reprocessing of spent fuel. we'll also consider hr4939, the u.s. caribbean strategic engagement of 2016. i want to thank representatives engel for their work on this legislation. i thank senator cardin for working with us to streamline the bill and focuses on encouraging caribbean nations to seek partnerships in the united states. the education for all act of 2016 is also on the agenda. this act restores our committee's role in providing authority for usaid program that's been appropriated. without such guidance from our committee for over a decade. the bill authorizes programs to help countries provide quality basic education. the lack of which is a significant barrier to economic growth. we'll consider the american growth act of 2014.

this bill asks the president to direct more resources toward helping african businesses trade with the united states. mill l this committee approved at our june 23rd markup. i want to commend senators cardin, isaacson, coons and flake for bringing this bipartisan legislation to the committee. i also want to thank senator brasso for his constructive input on how we can improve mcc oversight. our amendment includes senator brasso's recommendations. need to take a breath here, senator cardin. we will also consider hr11 a, the frank r. wolf international religious freedom act. i thank senator cardin for working with us to bring legislation before the committee. this bill reinforces the 1998

law, ambassador at law for international freedoms and enhances the congressional oversight of the state department. this legislation enjoys broad interfaith support and will be seeking to have this bill passed in the senate by unanimous consent for the amended legislation may be taken up and approved by the house this week. lastly, and this is not on the agenda, we have a resolution that i would like to present to senator boxer. >> oh, you're kidding. i'm surprised. >> this is going to be our last business meeting and we appreciate all you have done for this committee. and the united states senate. serving the senate since 1993, senator boxer has been the longest serving woman in the history of this committee on foreign relations with 18 years of service. i want to thank her for her patriotism and commitment to

this institution and our country. when i ran for the senate, was elected ten years ago, senator boxer was well known in tennessee. and i just want to say it's been a privilege for me not to know you as a well-known senator but to know you well. been a blessing. we wish you well. [ applause ] >> mr. chairman, if i might, if i can say a word or two and perhaps yield to senator boxer, then i'd like to say a few more

things about the day's agenda and about our committee. but one of the great pleasures of my life serving in the united states senate were the friends i made. i knew senator boxer when she was congresswoman boxer, and i knew of her incredible talent, but we became buddies here in the united states senate. people of california have been blessed to have an incredible advocate on their behalf on so many issues, but our nation has been blessed, indeed, the global community has been blessed. 7 there are so many things we can talk about senator boxer on the environmental issue but i think on this committee what you've done for women and girls around the world is just incredible. in afghanistan, you have made a huge difference in lives of so many young children. i just really want you to know how much we all appreciate what you have done. this is family and we're very proud of our sister. so congratulations for a career, just an incredible career. >> thank you so much, my colleagues. i just want to say, you know,

this is such an honor to have this resolution. good lord. we don't agree on anything so this is special that you got this done. and no one said, "i signed in protest." that was good. but each of you as i look at you, we've worked so well together and sometimes we fought, sometimes, once in a while, not that often. but i can truly say every member of this committee, i've worked with on issues that we all care about. and jim on the ethics committee being, you know, just dedicated to our work. it doesn't matter when you're in in and a lot of my love for the committee comes from that same point these two gentlemen, the chairman and the ranking member, working hand in glove constantly in an age where it's not expected and we're so thrilled to see it. whoever said politics stops at

the water's rej edge is right. this committee has to be, you know, nonpartisan because nothing less is at stake than the security of every man, woman and child that we fight for every day. i'll close with this because you know, senators, it's hard to talk fast but i'm going to just close with this. i've seen many chairman, bob, and i've seen this bob, and i've seen john kerry, richard lugar. i could go through the list. joe biden. i could go through the list. wonderful people all. friends, all. and when i got the ability to move forward on the first-ever subcommittee that dealt with women's issues all over the globe, it was a wonderful moment because everyone said, you know, you're right, barbara, we need to do this. and i know i've spoken to

jeanne. it isn't as if only a woman would carry these issues, but it is a reminder to everyone that we do see the world through a slightly different lens. that's just the beauty of diversity. jeanne is going to pick up a lot of the particular issues and a lot of the rest of you will as well on other subjects. but it has been a joy and i'm going to close with this. i am so -- i'm so loathe to say this, but it's so perfect that i end with this. i was disappointed we didn't pass a piece of legislation i wanted you to pass today. that's a joke. it's true. we didn't. but i know we're going to get it done after i leave. if i didn't say that, it wouldn't be barbara boxer. i can't let you get away with everything today. fond memories made me a better person. god bless each and every one of you in the days and the years ahead in keeping our country

strong and safe. thank you. >> thank you. [ applause ] >> mr. chairman, if i might, later this week the senate foreign relations committee will celebrate its 200th anniversary. when the first standing committees were approved by the united states senate on december the 10th. this committee has had a very, very proud history. i know i speak for all the members on the democratic side and i think i also speak for the republican side to congratulate our chairman, bob corker, on an incredible two-year leadership of this committee. this has been a very difficult time. your leadership has shown the strength that we wanted in our chairman, the fairness to include all members of our committee. in the work of this committee,

i've been able to get the type of unity we needed to preserve the appropriate role for the senate foreign relations committee, and you've made it an honor to serve on the senate foreign relations committee. so i want to congratulate you on an incredible two years. [ applause ] >> mr. chairman, i know we have a long agenda and i very much appreciate what is included on this agenda. i think what might be easier, i was going to go through all the items on the list that -- and they are important items and i do want to comment on what we've done. perhaps the best way if we start into the agenda and i'll comment as we get to the legislation. >> very good. thank you very much. first order of business for today's agenda will be six foreign service lists. senator cardin, do you have any comments on these? >> support all of them and move their adoption. >> anyone else like to speak to the list? no further discussion on this list, i would entertain the motion to improve these lists.

>> so moved. >> is there a second? thank you. so moved on second. question on the motion to approve six foreign service list on block. all those in favor say aye. opposed. with that, the ayes have it and the appointments and promotion ars are agreed to. next i would like to ask the committee to proceed to a voice vote on consideration of mrs. kamala lakhidir. to be u.s. ambassador to malaysia. senator cardin, any comments? >> strongly support the nomination and move her adoption. >> any member like to be recognized? no further discussion on the nomination, i'd entertain a motion to approve her by voice vote. >> so moved. >> is there a second? >> questions on the motion to approve the nomination. all those in favor say aye. all opposed. with that the ayes have it. nomination agreed to. next i'd like to consider a treaty, treaty on the agenda. senator cardin, any comments on this treaty? >> is this the -- >> montenegro. >> yes, mr. chairman. first, let me thank you very

much for bringing this montenegro nato session treaty today. i want to acknowledge the distinguished ambassador present in our committee room and thank him for his availability to our committee. it was clear this small country has made significant contributions to the alliance efforts around the world and made the necessary internal reforms to address governance, rule of law and corruption. this progress appears all the more remarkable for the fact montenegro has been subject to a wave of anti-nato and anti-western propaganda emanating from russia. i congratulate the manner which the country has responded. and i am very happy that we are making it clear russia does not have veto over get situations of nato alliance. i strongly urge my colleagues to support the session. >> any other member wish to speak? i'm going to go back and forth. if that's okay. >> not to repeat, certainly want to thank the chairman and ranking member for support of this resolution. you're correct, montenegro's

made great strides, reform, both militarily as well as legal reform trying to drive out corruption. we had a great hearing on it. i urge my colleagues to support the resolution. >> thank you. senator shaheen? >> yes. i would echo what's been said. i would also ask that we encourage leadership to bring this to the floor before we go into recess and end this session of congress. i think the best message we could send to russia as they're looking at their future plans in europe is the message that we want montenegro to join the nato and to be part of the european bloc that protects all of europe. >> anyone else? thank you, both, for your leadership on this issue. no further discussion on this, i'd entertain a motion to approve this by voice vote. >> so moved. >> moved and seconded. thank you so much. the question on the motion to

aproou the treaty. all those in favor say aye. oppose? with that, the ayes have it. the treaty agreed to. >> i want to thank you for your help in getting this resolution before us today. it's a resolution that i worked with with senators rubio, menendez, kaine, boxer and other members of this committee. its heart wrenching narrative emerged from venz wail ya in which economic unraveling, lack of food and medicine, rule of law and rising levels of corruption create an unstable living. we recognize that venezuela is in crisis and needs international understanding. >> any others? >> i just want to echo that, thank everyone, especially senator men nez dez for his work in general. what happened in venezuela is nothing short of a coup d'etat.

it's been ignored and canceled. the supreme court has been overtaken. the media, it is not a democracy any longer. not even the facade of a democracy. and the impact it's having on the region is extraordinary. i encourage my colleagues when you have a chance to read the report this one is of the richest countries in the world. you have people selling their hair for pennies to try to be able to feed their families. so it is a catastrophic situation that is coming to bear here. rapidly. it's having an impact on south florida and i believe on the region. i encourage everyone who hasn't kept up to date with it with all the other issues going on to really look into the tragic humanitarian and political tragedy that's occurring in venezuela. >> couldn't agree more. anyone else? no further discussion on this resolution, i would entertain a motion to approve all three cardin amendments on block by voice vote. >> so moved. >> is there a second? >> second. >> so moved and seconded.

the question on the motion to approve all three amendments on block or voice vote. all those in favor say aye. opposed? with that, ayes have it. amendments are agreed to. are there any further amendments? hearing 9 is there a motion to approve the resolution? >> so moved. >> all those in favor say aye. opposed? with that the ayes have is. the resolution as amended is agreed to. next we will consider s res 537. fet kno fecht kno fentanyl resolution. mr. cardin? >> thank you, very much. i strongly support this resolution. i want to thank senator markey and rubio for bringing this forward. calling upon the united states narcotic counternarcotics cooperation with mexico and china. mr. chairman, i am sure all members of this committee have had meetings around our state, meeting with different groups about the drug problems in every community in america.

we've seen the ownership yoid opioid abuses lead to heroin, lead to synthetic drugs of fentanyl. it's caused untold deaths. fentanyl is a drug that those that are using narcotics are not aware of its strength and causes them to go into crisis. i thank very much our colleagues for bringing this to our committee's attention that we must do more within the jurisdiction of our committee to control the fentanyl. >> anyone else? >> mr. chairman, if i may? >> senator markey. >> thanks, mr. chairman. yeah, senator rubio and i introduced this resolution. this is the public health crisis in the united states. and we join with senator shaheen you know, on this resolution calling for its passage.

fentanyl, just to give you an idea of how bad this is right now. we're going to have 2,000 people die in massachusetts from opioid overdose this year. of them, 1,500 will have fentanyl in their blood system. 75%. now massachusetts is 2% of america's population. so if you multiply that by 50 and this epidemic was hitting the whole country at the rate it's hitting massachusetts, the rate it's hitting new hampshire, the rate it's hitting florida and several other states but not the country, that would be 100,000 deaths of which 75,000 would come from fentanyl. so what we're trying to do with this resolution is to get ahead of this storm. this classified hurricane which is already on shore in certain states, but it's ready to hit. and what it does is it calls for our government to work much more closely with the chinese

government which is the source, principally, of this chemical, this artificial substance which has been created and is coming into our country and with the mexican government where it's kind of fabricated and turned into a product, then comes into the cities and states of our country. so this is something that, in my opinion, is going to wind up dwarfing any other issue that we work on. that's why doing this in the context of even deliberating on the current bill is so appropriate because far, far many more people are going to be terrorized by this than will ever be terrorized by what is happening in aleppo today. this threat to families on the streets of our country, and which is why i'm proud to be able to work with senator rubio in a bipartisan fashion on this amendment. >> thank you, both. any other comments? >> i would just add that the fentanyl now, car fentanyl which is a new threat or additional

threat is actually animal tranquillizer, what they use to tranquilize, like, an elephant. this stuff is coming in the mail. being shipped if fedex, u.p.s., i'm not meaning to single out any companies, i just did, and others, it's been sent in from these countries and it is by far -- i encourage everyone to talk to your hospitals and first responders and they're going to tell you that they're seeing just deciozens of these and the agents to reverse it don't work anymore because of how strong it's gotten. it's also manufactured, by the way, we saw the loss of prince who died, he died husband betook fentanyl and pills labeled as percocet. that's woo we're dealing with here now, it's a very serious problem. >> the lacing that's occurring in fentanyl, the fact it can come in a fedex package this size is equal to truck loads of other types of materials is wreaking havoc on our society. i appreciate both of you bringing attention to this. any other -- any other comments on this?

there's no further discussion on this resolution, i'd entertain a motion to approve both markey amendments on block by voice vote. >> so move zbd. >> is there a second? approve both markey amendments on block by voice vote. all those in favor say aye. all opposed? with that the ayes have it. the amendments are agreed to. are there any other furt amendments? is there motion to approve the resolution as amended? >> so moved. >> approve s res 535 as amended. all in favor will say aye. opposed? with that the ayes have it. the resolution is amended, as amended. is agreed to. our next order of business we would consider on block by voice vote, s con res 57, s con res

30, s con res 40. senator cardin, any comments? >> i support all those resolutions. i support the resolutions. >> are there any members that would like to speak to any of these resolutions? no further discussion on the resolutions, i'd entertain a motion to approve these on block by voice vote. >> so moved. >> is there a second? >> so moved in second. the questions on the motion to approve the resolutions on block. all in favor say aye. opposed? with that the ayes have it. the resolutions are agreed to. next, the norway 1 2rk, 2, 3 amendment. >> co-sponsor under your leadership and won sure congressional oversight of our to nuclear cooperation with norway so i support the resolution. >> anyone else which to speak to this? i asked to call on you before you raised your hand.

senator markey? >> thank you, chairman, very much. i do commend norway as one of our closest allies and recognize the need to conduct nuclear research at norway's haulden research reactor. but i am very concerned that we are offering affirmative support to one, two, three agreements that do not meet the gold standard. i believe as we get deeper into the 21st century, that should be a standard regardless of how close an ally any of the countries are with whom we are reaching these agreements. this agreement is going to provide norway with advanced consent to transfer u.s. obligated spent fuel to the united kingdom and france for reprocessing. that sends the wrong signal to other countries considering pursuing this technology and i am particularly concerned about east asia and i am concerned that the negotiators of this 123

agreement did not push to move the advanced consent clause. despite the small amount of materials that are involved in a this agreement. we should not water down our global opposition to reprocessing. it should be our gold standard and if we don't stand for that, we're going to come back in another 15, 20 years as other countries in the middle east and east asia ask for the same kind of treatment and we will then have catastrophic event that was created because we did not give the political leadership, so i believe there's a profound danger that we are unleashing here as we create this exemption and i just wanted to state my opposition to this pathway on principle. >> senator markey and i have met regarding these agreements and i couldn't agreed more.

i think we find ourselves in a place where even though this is a perfect 1, 2, 3 agreement, it's better than if we allow an administrative agreement to take place and the time to lapse. so i share your concerns. i wish that all of these agreements were in the gold standard fashion that you've expressed. you know we've talked about this on many occasions but this is putting us in a better place than letting the time elapse and enter into an administrative agreement between the united states and norway. are there any other comments or questions? if there's no further discussion, i would entertain a motion to approve the legislation by voice vote. >> so moved. >> is there a second? thank you. so moved in second. the questions on the motion approve s8. all in favor will say aye. opposed? i'll record you as a no if that's okay. with that, the ayes have it and the substitute agreement is agreed to. are there any further

amendments? hearing none. am i in the right place here? are there amendments? >> you can move on. >> the question -- delete what i just said. question on the motion to approve hr 39, as amended all in favor, say aye. opposed? are we in the right place here? don't know how we got to a house -- >> you're good. >> okay. questions on the motion to approve s8, all in favor will say aye. opposed? with that, the ayes have it. the legislation is approved to. next we will move to hr4939, u.s. caribbean engagement act of 2016.

senator cardin dor, do you have comments you'd like to make? >> well, i appreciate this issue being brought up for today's business meeting. i congratulate congressman engel for his work on this and it's legislation i think that shows our commitment to our partnership in the caribbean and i support it. >> anyone else like to speak to the legislation? there's no further discussion, i'd entertain a motion to consider the substitute amendment by voice vote. is there a second? so moved in second. the question on the motion to approve the substitute amendment. with that, the ayes have is. substitute amendment is agreed to. are there any further amendments? hearing none. is there a second? thank you. so moved in second. all in favor say aye. opposed? with that the ayes have it and the legislation as amended is agreed to. now we'll consider hr4481.

the education for all act of 2016. senator cardin? >> mr. chairman, again, i thank you for bringing this forward. i strongly support it and urge my colleagues to support the legislation. >> anyone else? if there's no further discussion, i'll entertain a motion to consider the substitute amendment by voice vote. >> so moved. >> second? thank you. so moved in second. question on the motion to approve the substitute amendment. all in favor, say aye. with that the ayes have is. are there further amendments? hearing none. is there a motion to approve the legislation as amended? >> so moved. >> thank you. second? thank you. so moved in second and that the question approved is amended and all in favor will say aye. opposed? with that the ayes have it. agreed to. and now we consider hr 2845 and the enhancement act of 2015. senator cardin?

>> mr. chairman, i appreciate this is before us today. i want to thank the senators blake, coons and isaacson for introducing the -- this -- the bill passed our committee earlier and this new authority for mcc is included in hr 2845 so i would urge the colleagues to support this legislation. >> any other discussions? senator coons? >> if i might thank senator cardin for getting us over the finish line and thank you, mr. chairman, for working so closely with the ranking member on such a wide range oaf bills for today's markup. >> thank you so much. if there nst fu if there's no further discussion -- >> so moved. >> is there a second? thank you. so moved in second. all in favor, say aye. with that the ayes have it. are there further amendments?

hearing none. is there a motion to approve the legislation as amended? >> so moved. >> is there a second? so moved in second. question on the motion to approve hr 2845 is amended. all in favor will say aye. opposed? with that the ayes have is. legislation as amended is agreed to. lastly we will consider hr 1150. frank r. wolf international religious freedom act. senator cardin? >> first, mr. chairman, let me say when you're voting on a bill that includes frank r. wolf's name, i can't see anyone voting against it. he's been a real champion throughout his lifetime and career on human rights issues. i do want to thank senator rubio for his work on this legislation. there were concerns that were expressed. we were able to work through those concerns. i thank him for that. the department had concern of reporting on nonstate actors which engage in malicious persecution as it may undermine u.s. government and diplomatic efforts to hold governments

accountable for abuses committed within their territory. i think this legislation strikes the right balance, but it's an issue that i think our committee will continue to monitor to make sure that governments are held accountable for actions within their country. i want to acknowledge congressman smith and the work he's done on religious freedom and i would urge my colleagues to support the legislation. >> thank you. would anyone else like to speak to this? i know numbers of people were involved. >> i just want to thank those, senator rubio and senator cardin, for including the language i had on religious pieces. so, thank you. >> very good. very good. if there's no further discussion i would entertain a motion to approve the rubio substitute amendment by voice vote. is there a second? so moved in second and the question on the motion approved the rubio substitute amendment. all in favor say aye. opposed? with that the ayes have it. the amendment is agreed to. >> so moved. >> is there a second? so moved in second and then the questions on the motion to

approve hr 1150 as amended. up all in favor say aye. that completes the committee's business. >> mr. chair? >> yes, sir? go ahead. >> one other business item i tried to click as we were at the front end saying kind things about the chair and about senator boxer, another committee member has a milestone that is a pretty important one on election day, senator cardin achieved 50 consecutive years in elected office beginning with his election -- >> i try to keep that quiet. >> he doesn't like me mentioning it. but that is a pretty impressive record. those of us -- >> i know how challenging that is, so congratulations. [ applause ] >> ran for office in your teens. >> i'm thankful you will be serving with us on a continual basis and i think that makes you

definitely part of the establishment. i think, yeah, jeanne? >> mr. chairman, i wanted to pick up on senator boxer's brief comment as she was giving her remarks earlier about the bill that didn't get passed and that's the women peace and security act, something senator boxer -- >> i see you're taking up her mantle very quickly. >> now four years. but i just, you know, this is legislation that the house passed without just recently without debate and i think it's important because there's real evidence that women have a critical role to play in all stages of conflict resolution. we know that when women are supported that they tend to give back to their families, to their communities, and making sure that they have a place at the table when we're trying to resolve conflicts i think is very important. so i know there were some procedural concerns about the legislation, but i just want to

put everybody on the committee on notice this is not going away just because senator boxer is not going to be here and i think this is legislation that is important for us to pass. it sends an important message to women in countries around the world that they need to be at the table as we're deciding their faith. >> thank you. i look forward to calling senator boxer when she's doing whatever she's going to be doing after the first of the year to share with her that we've addressed this issue. i received a call from president carter and there were some issues that we'd like to work out but we will begin that again. and i know the president has had in place since 2011 an executive order of sorts to deal with this and we'd like to see what the impact of that has been. but we understand it's going to be something that hopefully we'll resolve together and thank you both for making comments in that regard. >> mr. chairman? make sure that you call me but will you be calling me as your secretary of state?

this is what i'm hoping for. i shouldn't have said that. >> that will never happen now. >> let me say, i would strongly oppose the nomination. >> thank you. thank you so much. that completes the committee's business. i ask unanimous consent that the staff be authorized to make technical and conforming changes without objection. so ordered. and with that, and without objection, the committee will stand adjourned. thank you, all, and i wish you all a warm and meaningful holiday. i hope most of you will stay for the hearing but hopefully we'll finish up this week. thank you. thank you. now the foreign relations committee hearing will come to order.

all right. hearing of the foreign relations committee will come to order. i want to thank our witnesses for being here today and sitting through all of that. and both of you have outlined tangible policy options in your written testimony to help us address the threat of iranian proxies apart from efforts to prevent iran from obtaining a nuclear weapon. iranian proxies remain a direct threat to the united states and our allies today as