listen to what their own bellringer's. readyis perfectly set up, to go. on a variety of topics that our current and relevant. >> join thousands of your fellow teachers around the nation. it is free and easy. canou register now, you request our free poster, and 80 graphic display. find out more at c-span .org\classroom. is touringe, c-span cities across the country. we will look at our recent visit to chico, california next. you're watching history tv, all weekend every weekend on c-span3.

at a placetanding that holds significance for the in thisus people here part of what we call you to county. -- prof. dizard: we're standing at a place that holds profound significance for the indigenous people here in this part of what we now call butte county. these people regard this very place as the particular location where in their cosmology the creator had humans emerge into the world. it is also alumni glenn. as far as university of california state chico is concerned. with the discovery of gold not too far south of here and the inability to keep that discovery secret, the news quickly spread. and the ratio of settlers to native people began to radically shift. prior to the gold rush, there would have been somewhere on the order of maybe under 5000 settlers in all of california.

by 1855, that would have skyrocketed to above 50,000 settlers. and the relations were fraught. not for every group at every moment, but there was a profound sense of racism towards native peoples. the general epithet used was "digger indians." in other words, they were regarded as sub human. because they did not have the kind of technological accoutrements that european american settlers considered standard. it's not because they were not clever enough to figure it out. because those things were irrelevant to their daily lives.

they were able to go, on the coast, you know, when the tide went out, their table was set. here in this part of north central valley, the mass crops of acorns provided very important, calorie rich food source for them. wild game, deer, small animals, insects were a staple of the regular and, of course, fish. there were abundant salmon runs and steelhead. in some cases, two different runs of the same species up the rivers. so, there was no need, really, to have complicated technology. the critical issue became access to subsistence resources, because, with is a huge influx of settlers, miners, and then merchants who were essentially mining the miners, selling them the equipment that they thought they needed, game the game to be -- began to be scarce. rivers

were diverted and in some cases completely upended. as food sources began to disappear for native people in their traditional subsistence regime, they naturally look towards stock. one of the main industries here in this part of california as well as elsewhere, in fact, was the hide trade. the idea was to raise a lot of cattle to sell the skins and meat. well, these cattle were critical resources for the settlers but also viewed as food sources. hungry native folks would have may be poached a cow here and there. and slowly, over the course of several months to a year and a half, between 1850

and 1852, these kinds of depredations began to rankle deeper and deeper in the white settler community and began to be punished more and more systematically, and ultimately, the rational for outright murder if not genocide of indigenous groups was held to be kind of like this, we're going to teach you a lesson. here in butte county, the attitude was these people can't be trusted. we need to exterminate them for their own good. this is rhetoric that existed at the time. one effort to try and minimize these kinds of assault was to move california indians to reservations, what were called rancheria. in this area, the idea was to move local people 100 miles west of here on the other side of what is now the mendocino national forest in round valley.

approximately 470 people and various other tribelets in the area were essentially corralled just west of chico. then marched over the course of two weeks in mid-september 1863, 100 miles to their new home, a reservation out over the mountains in the coast range. the forced relocation of 1863 is remembered as the nome cult walk. it was the name of the reservation that was essentially created in round valley. this series of forced relocations is kind of a not very well known aspect of american history in general, and california history in particular, because, as one might imagine, it's not a pleasant chapter. it's a very brutal and violent series of events that took place between approximately 1850 and 1875, and resulted in a radically reduced population of indigenous people in california, not zeroed out by any means, but definitely dramatically reduced

through sheer, outright genocidal methods. it was about 18 years ago that folks from both -- in round valley decided to organize a memorial walk. they decided that in september they would retrace the steps their ancestors were forced to take. and so, ever since then, for the last 18 years or so, every september, folks gather in chico and take a week to walk 100 miles. a very meaningful, profound ceremony. it's regarded as a spiritually healing effort to not just

commemorate the fact that their ancestors survived this arduous journey and they the descendents are here now today, but also to think deeply about why this happened and to try and instill values of sort of mutual respect and tolerance. hours cities tour staff recently traveled to -- announcer: hours cities tour's staff recently traveled to chico

cityr city started -- our tour staff recently traveled to chico, california. announcer: now, on that communicators. outcry overpublic broadband privacy be a point of leverage for democrats to use? >> i think this was part of it. the reclassification affects both. i think, obviously, if this is to come to pass and again i think the public will have something to say about this. what we want as democrats is strong consumer protections. more and more, the handheld , your and your laptop whole life is on these devices now. your medical information.

financial information. her small and financial information. information about your children. people want a sense that people handling this data are not using this strictly to make money for themselves. >> watch the communicators onday night at 8:00 p.m. c-span two. >> in september 1994, senate of mitchellleader george spoke about efforts to end a bill. up next on american history tv, senator mitchell's press conference followed by reaction from republican leader robert dole. it is about one hour. the beginning of this congress, i said