8:00, they talk about the differences between alexander hamilton in george washington. >> washington is a horse whisperer. he is a person of volcanic temperament. he went early on to control themselves. hers this horse race for who columns the high strong, very skittish, very fast alexander hamilton. when washington isn't around, he gets himself into trouble. >> for our complete scscscscscgo to c-span.org. all weekend long, american history tv is joining our comcast cable partners to showcase the history of charlottesville, virginia. to learn more about the cities on our tour, visit c-span.org /citiestour.

>> charlottesville is divided into three parts. there is the city, the county of albro morrow and then you have the university of virginia, that really is the window through which you can understand local issues, local politics, history . there is that cooperation going on between the three parts. >> while in charlottesville we took a driving tour of the city. >> i know charlottesville because it's on the back of the nickel. monticello right? >> that's correct. as we speak were driving towards monticello. it is that rise right there, the little mountain and thomas jefferson was born here on april 13, 1743. his father had moved out here to

the west to get land and his father peter jefferson was a surveyor. he actually co-authored, in 1751 peter jefferson co-authored what was the official new map of virginia. at that time it was nothing like it was the best map of virginia. so, little tommy was raised on stories by this man who would go out and explore and make maps and discover. if you think about it peter jefferson was using scientific experiments to make the unknown, known. to create maps of what was to them, wilderness. and to carve out of this unknown backcountry of beautiful image of a map. it is very poetic. it's a metaphor for jefferson's mind of the guy who's constantly learning combine science and

knowledge with discovery. >> so we are going to the top of the hill now. >> we're climbing monticello. at one time this was over 2000 acres in thomas jefferson's estate. where we will go is the highest point on the state which jefferson called mount alto. >> are we seeing monticello over there? >> that is a little mountain. again, this mountain was part of jefferson's 2000-acre estate, which of course we should point out where hundreds of people of color were enslaved for many years. >> we can see mulberry road from appear as well. >> that was sort of the industrial parts of his estate where he had a number of little

factories and workshops that were manned by people of color. and i was just next to the garden. -- and it was just next to the garden. >> so we are getting more of a view of charlotte. >> isn't this great. >> what can we see from up here? >> you can see the big white building is the university hospital. beyond that is the dome of the uva rotunda. that's the historic core of the university of virginia. just to the right of that is the , big dome of the old university hall, the basketball arena built in the 1960s. you can start to see really what is becoming the 21st century skyline of charlottesville. we are experiencing a tremendous a boom in development and growth and it's a good problem to have, but still a challenge that we have. >> we have this great aerial view of downtown, should we had

there now? >> let's go to the heart of downtown charlottesville. >> were driving in through the old belmont neighborhood which the development started in the 1890s. that is downtown charlottesville our humble skyline. you can see the pavilion which is at the east end of the downtown mall. that is an outdoor music venue. you we'll be heading toward the very top of the monticello hotel which is on historic court

square. that is the original hearts of the town of charlottesville. >> you mention the downtown mall, that is sort of the show piece of downtown. >> that is our postcard view, charlotte's pedestrian mall was created in 1976, it was an effort to preserve the historic core of charlottesville. they basically close off mainstreet and turned it into a pedestrian mall. a bit of an architectural and design fad in the 70s to create these pedestrian malls. all most of america did not in survive. an some did very well and survived to this day, and in survived to this day, and charlottesville the first part it -- opened in 1876. it has since been expanded to the east, west, into sidestreets and has been a terrific investment in the community. now the downtown mall is filled with people constantly on weekend nights in the summer you cannot move. >> great restaurants and local shops. >> live music, art, it's fantastic.

but it was also really controversy a lot the time. when the city council made that decision to close off main street it was completely counterintuitive. they were responding to the fact of car culture, of suburban -- of the new shopping centers opening on 29 north of town. and how are we going to keep people interested in downtown and keep people coming downtown because they're driving out into the suburbs. all we will close enough to cars. but it worked. we are now in court square, by the albemarle county courthouse. when they created charlottesville 1762 they laid it out on either side of the three notch road which was the historic colonial road from

richmond, across the blue ridge to the valley. it was a planned town laid out on either side of this colonial road. the courthouse was located here on the hill of which was on the edge of town, the original town and this is the historic core of the town of charlottesville. >> i see the statue over there, who is depicted in that statue? >> that is the 1909 confederate statute area and it is called out at the ready. that's the name of the statute and it depicts a confederate soldier who is standing with a gun battle ready to fight to preserve slavery in america which is what the confederacy stood for their constitution and writings.

there is a number of confederate's pro- statues here in the city of charlotte. -- charlottesville. >> it has been really contentions, as it is in communities across the south where they had these monuments that celebrate and venerate the historic u.s. confederacy. i have to credit people who have been part of this conversation about the statutes they think people have made an effort to have an enlightened progressive and inclusive truthful conversation. the statues did not go up during the civil war. they did not go up in the late 1860s after the war. they go up in the 1870s, they went up 60 years after the war. in the 1920s.

the jackson statue, they were very much a part of what we call the lost cause which was the south narrative after the civil war. i was writing a new history about the civil war the same will it had nothing to do slavery, it was only about states rights even though at the time there were writing and and had a great deal to do is slavery. so this property lease statue goes up and 1934 and it's a statement on the landscape. the city council recently voted in a split decision of 322 to 2.- to 22

remove the robert e lee statue. they did not talk about the stonewall jackson statue or the 19 oh nine confederate soldier statute. they specifically addressed robert e lee which went up in 1924. the decision was to remove it. i do not think they actually had the authority. the courts need to decide but it's still up in the air. does the city of virginia have the authority to remove a statue because there has been state legislation to keep those in place. i don't know if richmond will let charlottesville remove the statue. also the question of where does the money come from to move it. it will not be cheap. him and i think that statute is abhorrent and what it refers to, the white supremacy, the lost cause, that said, i'm one of the people who believes it should stay. >> wife? -- why? because it should be a tool week can use to teach people about

the lost cause and about the past. and look at that tension between how we remember the past and how we talk about the past and what actually happened. i like to see new signage and statutes to talk about the civil rights movement and charlottesville. -- here in charlottesville. but i think the statute should be there to remind people of what happened in the 1920s. >> so now we are approaching the university part of town and you start to see all of the buildings, some of them very new that are part of the university medical system which is one of the best in the country. we are now entering the heart of the university community at the top of the hill. you can see the rotunda. that was the library in maine classroom building as part of academic village that jefferson design. -- designed. the section of town is called

the corner. this is the corner of the corner. it's where the historic entrance meets the main road. today, the corner refers to five city blocks. this is the heart of the university community with bars, restaurants and shops that cater to the university community. this long walk to the rotunda asthis long walk to the rotunda will take you to the academic village in the rotunda and the law. university of virginia got a charter in january of 1819. class is open monday morning march 7, 1825. jefferson lived just long enough to see the first year of classes. that had been a dream of his for over 40 years to create a new university for what he truly believed was a new kind of country. >> why was that important to

him? >> public education specifically was important to jefferson because it actually fulfilled the dreams of 1776. you can have a revolution but as long as the wealthy elites run everything you will find yourself in the same problem before the revolution. the key was created a new kind of school that would teach the principles of the democratic enlightenment to successive generations. that is what the university of virginia was about. as far as jefferson was concerned, james madison was just as much involved in the project that became the university of virginia believed that uva was the insurance policy for the american revolution and that it would be here on the grounds of the

university where the flame of the enlightenment would burn brighter than anywhere else in the world. >> the university of virginia today has gone from an academic village to an academical city with over 20000 students compared to many other significant universities that is still relatively a medium-size university, but it is quite big and sprawling today across much of what we consider the west end of charlottesville. >> so we have seen monticello, we've driven to the not downtown and now in the university grounds. thinking back on the city that you have lived for 30 years,

what would you like to see for the future? what is your ideal dream for charlottesville? >> i know charlottesville will continue to experience tremendous growth which have right now, a lot of new construction and development. we have made all of those great this that you can make, best city to live, best place to raise children and on and on. we have been number one on all of those lists which is great. but i would hate for it to be a victim of its own success on the problems we have i really the problems you want is a community. you want people to want to live in your community, your people to want to visit and experience the things that you love about your hometown. so my dream for charlottesville would be that as a gross and as we write this new century in brick and stone and mortar, not just on paper but as we write our story and the landscape i would hope that people would

experience, i would hope people would have the experience that i have had a falling in love with the place and having it means so much to you in your own experience of being alive, and i would just hope that they would have that joy that i get every day, and the privilege that i feel of living here in the city that i love. >> learn more about charlottesville and the stops on our tour at c-span.org -- /citiestour. ♪ >> c-span, where history unfolds a daily.

in 1970 nine, c-span was created as a public service by america's cable television companies. brought to you today by your cable or satellite provider. >> on history this college professor it jeffrey johnson talks about the 1960 bombing that killed 10 and wounded 40. the bombing took place on what was called preparedness day. it was organized to keep vigilant -- people vigilant in case we entered world war i. his classes about 50 minutes. >> good morning and thanks for coming. i appreciate you all being here on a drizzly day of propolis college