national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2016] hearncer: join us as we lectures in history, also available as podcasts. ,isit our website c-span.org/history/podcasts, or download them from itunes. announcer: are c-span cities tour takes american history tv on the road to feature the history of cities across america. here is a recent program. >> we are standing at a place that holds profound significance for the indigenous people here in this part of what we now call butte county. asy regard this very place

whereinicular vocation their cosmology, the creator had human beings emerge into the world. it is also alumni glenn, as far as california state university chico is concerned. with the discovery of gold not to source out from here -- not too far south from here and the inability to keep that secret, the news quickly spread. the ratio of settlers to native shift,began to radically whereas prior to the gold rush, there would have been somewhere on the order of under 5000 settlers in all of california. by 1855, that would have skyrocketed to above 40,000 settlers. fraught.ions were

not for every group at every moment, but there was a profound sense of racism towards native people. wasgeneral epithet used subhuman, quasi-city at -- quasi-sentient because they didn't have the technology the colonists considered standard. is not because they were not clever enough to figure it out. it is because those things were irrelevant to their daily lives. on the coast, when their type went out, the table was set. in as part of the north central valley, the mass crops of acorns provided a very important calorie rich food source for them. dear, small animals and insects were a staple of the

weather -- of the regular diet. runs.were abundant salmon in some cases, two different runs of the same species of the same river. have was no need to obligated technology. the critical issue became access to subsistence resources. influx ofuge settlers, miners, and merchants who essentially were mining the minors, selling them the equipment that they thought they needed, game began to be scarce. river courses were diverted, and in some cases completely upended. as food sources began to disappear for native people in their customary traditional subsistence regimes, they look towards stock.

one of the main industries in this part of california was high and tallow trade. -- was hide and tallow trade. the idea was to raise a bunch of cattle to sell the hide and meet. these cattle were critical resources for the settlers, but also viewed as potential food sources by native people. many conflicts arose over the fact that hungry native folks would have maybe post a cow here a cowere -- maybe poached here and there. several months to a year and a half, these kinds of degradations began to rankle deeper and deeper in white settler communities, and began to be punished more and more systematically, and ultimately the rationale for outright murder, is not genocide of indigenous groups, was held to be kind of like this, we are

going to teach them a lesson so they stop doing this. here in butte county, the attitude was, these people can't be trusted. we need to exterminate them for th their own good. this was the rhetoric that existed at this time. one of the ways to avoid this was to move california native americans to reservations. move people to a reservation 100 miles west of here on the other side of what is now the national forest and the coast range in code below. 470 people of pachuca and various other tribe let's in the area were essentially corralled just west of chico and marched over the course of two weeks in

mid-september of 1863 100 miles to their new home, this reservation over the mountains in the coast range. the relocation of 1863 is remembered as the nome cult walk, the name of the reservation created in round valley. this series of forced relocations is not very well-known in american history in general, and california history in particular, because as one might imagine, it is not a pleasant chapter. violentvery brutal and place of events that took between approximately 1850 and 1875, and resulted in a radically reduced population of indigenous people here in california.

not zeroed out by any means, but definitely dramatically reduced through sheer, outright genocidal methods. it was about 18 years ago that chicofrom both here in and over the valley decided to organize a memorial walk. in septemberthat they would retrace the steps of their ancestors that they were forced to take. ever since then, for the last 18 years or so, every september folks gathered here in chico and take a week to walk the 100 miles. profoundy meaningful, ceremony. it is regarded as spiritually just commemorate

the fact that their ancestors survive this arduous journey and they come of the defendants, but also to think deeply about why this happened, and try to instill values of mutual respect and tolerance. you can watch this and other programs on the history of communities across the country at c-span.org/cities tour. this is american history tv, only on c-span3. announcer: congress voted to declare war on germany on april 6, 1917, entering the u.s. into world war i. up next, a panel of authors and historians looks at what motivated the u.s. to get involved in what was then called the great war. theons discussed include influence of british propaganda, as well as the zimmerman telegram and intercepted telegrams between germany and

mexico that proposed an alliance between the two countries, and promised mexico territory in the southwest u.s. analysts also talk about president woodrow wilson's decision making progress in asking congress to declare war. the world war i centennial commission organized this 45 minute event. into lace at the national world war i museum and memorial in kansas city, missouri. >> good afternoon, everybody. you can hear me ok? my name is todd sedgwick. i'm privileged to be one of the commissioners of the centennial commission, and it is my honor to help organize this symposium. i want to thank all the participants and all of you in the audience for coming, and the thousands who are watching this this afternoon from home as it is being live streamed. very briefly i would like to introduce the moderator and panelists. on my far rate is rob dalessandro, a well-known