dominated criminal trials of southern blacks violated the constitution. -- a violated the due process clause. fair criminal trials on the liberal agenda. announcer: sunday at eight eastern on c-span's q&a. announcer: next on american history tv, we hear intelligence discussed some of the most notable espionage sites in the nation's capital including embassies, hotels and even walking paths. it focuses on their new book dc."sites of washington this event is about 90 minutes. >> welcome, we are delighted to see you.

i am the executive director and i think you are in for a scintillating evening. i must say, it is going to be a pleasure given all of that is going -- given all that is going on around us to be able to talk about things that happened in the past scandals and spy stories and so forth. they're going to be -- there are going to be two authors. you may know of his past writings, keith melton. he is an internationally recognized author and intelligence historian. an expert on clandestine i'm devices and technology, how all this stuff works and as a longtime advisor to the u.s. intelligence committee which is where i first met him -- he is a technical trained craft

historian at the training center in washington dc. he is also in his private life -- he has assembled the largest collection of espionage related artifacts in the world. more on that later. part of that collection is on display at cia headquarters, some as featured in his book "the ultimate spy book." keith has also participated in something on the order of 40 documentaries and tv shows. the latest of which i will mention because it will ring a bell. "the americans." some of the more clever plot devices i think of him and the gentleman right here in this room. the last book he did has been featured in many places "spy craft." these arethe gadgets,

the things that people are always asking about when they come to the museum. how do things were, what do spies use, how does that happen? he is a graduate of the u.s. naval academy and a founding member of the international spy museum advisory board and was recently appointed to the board of directors. one last item i would like to note is that is keith quite recently has it generated -- has a generously donated his collection to the international by museum which is just -- the museum, whichspy is an excellent guest or. ture. excellent gues our museum will be more magnificent because of him. the co-author of keith is bob wallace, a former colleague of cia. at the ei

one of the high points of his career was he was chief of technical services. unit thatad of the you know from the bond movies as q. that is of the easiest way for me to refer to him in that capacity. he is the co-author of "spy craft." he served in the u.s. army in the anon -- in vietnam. he has a masters and political science, university of kansas. leadershipwrites on and intelligence and management topics and also serves on the board of advisory in the international spy museum. it is with great pleasure that i welcome both of you and ask you to take the stage.

thank you so much. [applause] robert: did you order this water, keith? good evening. delighted to be here. the first challenge in giving any kind of presentation of this type is will this thing work? the answer is yes. so far, so good. the lighted to be here. thank you for attending. you brought better weather than we had earlier today. the drive home on the be the two

hours it was on the drive-in. the two hours it was on the drive in. we will discuss spy sites in washington dc. some you may be familiar with. i think you will find the stories that we will tell and some of the videos that you will have a chance to see to be particularly intriguing and perhaps new. you to thek international spy museum for most importantly for displaying our book prominently down in the bookstore. i'd like to begin by recognizing and introducing hank schlesinger. where are you? hank is standing back there by the wall. hank is a colleague of ours. hank has written books with a keen eye for the last 12 or 15 years.

has just done a mac if it's in job in terms of research and pulling together a lot of the material that we have in these books. for those of you who might be familiar or have access to the publication of the association of former intelligence officers, hank has a fascinating article current,onth's, or edition on a little-known spy but important spy of the revolutionary war, thomas sticks. . he did spying for us -- thomas diggs. he did spying for us in europe. ask, isalso like to

there anyone here from georgetown university press? georgetown university press and don jacobs, the senior editor, were instrumental in putting this book together. we were so pleased with the format and layout and design of the book. i did want to ignore to them -- i did want to acknowledge them. yes. that's may west, right? known, the international spy museum is known for a number they employedes here so we thought it important to grace this event with mae west initially. why would we use mae west? sites, so little

time is what we want to emphasize. database runs well over 1000 different sites and most of you have no interest in reading a book that date. we have selected to about 350, 400 sites that are in the book. also at a fascinating counterintelligence observation that we thought was important to share with you. there are, i believe, a couple of agents, officers from the federal bureau of investigation here. i personally want to thank you for your service and this is what mae west suggested. it seems to me that i have known so many men that the fbi ought to come to me first to compare

fingerprints. agent, iwere a special think that it's one of those assignments i would love to have . "casablanca." world war ii film. is, ofhy police chief course, succumbs to german pressure to close rick's café. >> everybody is to leave here immediately. this café is closed until further notice. clear the room at once. >> on what grounds? >> i'm shocked to find that gambling is going on in here. thank you very much. everyone out at once. robert: in recent weeks it seems from this variations dialogue and "casablanca" have

been repeated daily by politicians, pundits, and reporters. i am shocked to find cyber espionage going on here, and by the russians no less. i'm shocked to learn foreign governments use clandestine operations to affect u.s. policy. too often i think we have heard exactly that sentiment. readers of spy sites will discover that there really is no shock that foreign intelligence is spying on prominent politicians and seeking to influence their political positions and really have been doing so since may be 1776 here in america. so tonight we are going to talk locations in washington

where intelligence activities are carried out and describe some of the significant operations and profile a few of the key people. spies are depicted as shadow y, sometimes barely recognizable people in dark alleys or in dimly lighted ours, but it is more likely that you are going to find spies hanging out in embassies or major hotels, or if you live in northern virginia, at the mclean family restaurant. for those spies that are aspiring spies, embassies factorsseveral critical that allow a spy to operate. they provide cover, they provide security, they provide a physical presence in a target country, and they also provide

targets for the opposition. when we talk about spying, there are two wings to the spying airplane. one is the positive collection, active collection, the other is the counterintelligence side of it. hotels, likewise, have many attributes that are attractive to spies. venuescome the kind of that are often convenient to spy but -- clandestine operations are sometimes best done if they can be done wide open. you see or you don't see what is really happening. that areembassies particularly significant in washington spy history is the

pullman house. pullman house was built by the inventor of the pullman railway car. made a fortune, george pullman, and he built a house in 1910 for his daughter and her congressman husband. couple,ately for the the congressman fell ill and they never occupied that holding. it was sold a few years later to government and became the embassy then for russia. when the revolution occurred, the united states did not immediately recognize the ussr -- in fact, did not recognize it until 1933, and at that point, the pullman house became the soviet embassy. this embassy subsequently then became the location where a americans --

>> i has some information to discuss. >> who may i ask is calling? i have something i would like to discuss. i think it would be interesting to you. >> i am with the united states government. robert: that is the voice of ronald pelton. ronald pelton was perhaps the most damaging nsa spy before snowden. pelton left the employment of nsa in 1979 and began spying in 1980. he made multiple trips to europe where he was debriefed and spied for about five years before he was exposed by a russian defector, a story we will hear later. other well-known, and not so

well known spies that reached wereo the soviet embassy navy officer john walker, cia officer augur james, and air force officer christer cocoa, and a marine private -- christopher cook, and a marine private. a former officer described the embassy's fourth floor as a place where the soviet officers had their offices in a secure area. they described it as cramped, dimly lighted, windowless, and about 8800 square feet that they were all packed into. this sounds similar to some government offices i have been associated with over the years. nowrtheless, this is today the russian ambassador's office and i think you will notice may

be one antenna on the roof. all the other antennas have been moved over to their new facility up on wisconsin avenue. embassy, part of soviet spying during the cold war in the second world war. -- the cold war. in the second world war, one of the targets was the vichy government, the vichy embassy in washington. to --was an oss author oss operative also working with pack.c named betty betty was a beautiful young lady who decided that she would be of help to american intelligence

and, in fact, she was successful --recruiting the press -- a press attaché of the vichy embassy. her techniques were subtle and somet and they involved good evenings together, long evenings together. when it became apparent that there were codes in the vichy embassy, specifically the french and italian naval codes that might be of use to our service, know, sinceell, you we have this good relationship with the rest official, let's just have our evening together in the embassy. betty dressed for the evening with a necklace and high heels and the two, accompanied by a

safecracker, entered the embassy and the guard, when they saw intent seemed to be, being good french, let things go as they were. the three entered the code room and in fact were able to obtain without -- in the face of the guards, if you will. afterwards that he was asked about that and said well, are you ashamed? she said not in the least. savedsults of my work thousands of british and american lives. wars are not won by respectable methods. the german embassy in world war espionage,e of

propaganda operations, collection operations, sabotage operations. the american policy really turned on and intelligence operation when the british intercepted a telegram that was intended from berlin to the british ambassador -- to the german ambassador in washington. this is the famous zimmerman telegram which told of the germans' plan to ally with mexico and in turn mexico could recover some of the territory that has been lost to the united states. when this telegram, and i believe today is the 100th anniversary of our entrance into world war i, when that telegram was turned over to president wilson, it was then subsequently

associated press and public attitudes in america shifted quickly anti-german and america entered the second world war. the british intercept and decryption of that telegram stands as one of the key crypto successes of the era. the german embassy upgrade a clandestine radio system. this was detected i the work of the radio intelligence division of the federal communication commission. radio had become a key element not only in communications but also in propaganda. , the allied side as well as the german side, were

very active in radio, radio propaganda efforts during the second world war. shifting to hotels for a moment. there is the mayflower hotel. president truman called this washington's second-best address. not sure ifday i am he would call it the second-best address. he might call it the first best address in washington. he called it washington's second-best address. it was built in 1925. suites at0 rooms, 112 the cost of $11 million. this is, i like to point out, somewhat less than the cost of the international spy museum. but it is a little larger, too. magnificent hotel at the time

and still is, but it became very quickly a target or place of intelligence activities. attaché,ese naval gich -- yamaguchi use this as a place for banquets spiestempted to recruit on behalf of japan. he died in the battle of midway subsequently after the war began . one of the most dramatic intelligence events of the mayflower was in 1941. a couple of months before pearl harbor when president roosevelt gave a speech and held up a map that he said had been obtained

by his intelligence folks that showed how germany planned in the second world war to carve up south america and dominate south america. this, he claimed, had been stolen from eight german diplomat in argentina, a diplomat who because he had been -- who because he had lost the map had been killed by the gestapo. was documented evidence of what the germans planned to do. documented evidence that had been created by the british service and through other channels had made it into the american intelligence service. whether roosevelt knew that or not may be beside the point, but he was using a document, a forged document to shape the

attitudes and future of american policy, a forged document from the british service. the mayflower lobby was in the mid-1980's a demonstration point for an intelligence technique called the brush past. this was -- brush pass. this was an operational to passe by the cia documents or information between two people in such a way in a crowded environment, in a public environment, that would be not detected. once this was successfully demonstrated at the mayflower hotel and in a couple of other locations in washington, this became one of the techniques that cia used in target areas around the world to exchange information with agents.

but perhaps the most dramatic of the events involves stewart knows that -- stuart nozette. years,, 2008, about 10 he was an advisor while working for the united states government through the israeli aerospace corporation. in january of 2009, he took a couple of thumb drives to israel and conveniently left them behind. he was also running a little low on cash and hinted to some of his colleagues that that was the case and he expected that there would be people around the world that might be interested in some of the information that he had. on an operation

him, who we will see sitting here in a room in the mayflower hotel talking with an undercover fbi agent. ,> i gave you, this first run some of the most classified information there is. so i crossed the room in the sense that i can't go back and take a polygraph. i'm nervous. i have made a commitment. fits --what i have said do you have anything for me today? -- it isere to discuss great that you want to talk about it a little more. any other concerns you might

have? absolutely. >> the other thing is i think i have been very good with cash. i have been able to make it disappear. >> i wanted to talk about that. 5000.s you will be provided more provided the information has value. >> seismic -- so i have made a career choice. robert: i hope you heard that. indeed he had. for his next several years is being spent in a penitentiary. congratulations to the fbi and agent involved for a wonderful operation that took care of somebody who we should take care of. hotels have also been the scene of death of agents, of

intelligence officers. was ag areents key you officer in the 1930's -- gr officer in theru 1930's, defected, and became a valuable source of information for the fbi as well as giving public information about soviet intelligence and how it was operating around the world. this was at a time when the soviets were in fact targeting dissidents, targeting defectors, and were certainly not above killing them and knocking them off around the world. vitski in 1941 check into the bellevue hotel. he was under a lot of pressure

relative to his being known as a former soviet intelligence officer and the morning after he checked in, he was found dead in thisotel room, and particular room in the bellevue hotel. it is now notice the hotel george. a single gunshot to the head. the case was quickly ruled a suicide because there was a note the controversy has continued to surround his death even until today. the preponderance of evidence say it was a suicide, he did shoot himself. however why he did that is really uncertain and it is unlikely that the pressure that he was feeling, perhaps the fear of what the soviets would do to him, was a factor in his demise.

is thatt of this slide agents sometimes come to untimely ends. operational tradecraft. i want to talk a few moments about that. some of the elements we discussed at langford in our earlier books, assessment, covert communication, signal sites, dead drops, points of surveillance. the fascinating disguises, stories of the civil war is that of mary walker. dr. mary walker, a physician who work right across the street in what was then the patent office but had been made a makeshift hotel for the civil war.

she worked as a surgeon there. she worked as a nurse but she was really a surgeon. she repeatedly tried to get herself certified as a surgeon but being the society that it was at the time, there was resistance to that until there was enough press about how capable she was, she was appointed a field surgeon and worked the battles at fredericksburg, chattanooga, and atlanta. during that time she was working in the fields. she was a surgeon. as a man, cross enemy lines, and get information about the deployment of the confederate troops. she was captured in april of 1864, then released a few months later in a prisoner exchange and after the war, president johnson

thought that her contributions to the war should be recognized. in 1865 she was given the medal of honor. mary walker is the only woman in the civil war that received the medal of honor. however, 1917 came around and there was a review of all the awards during the civil war and about 900 awards were revoked, including mary walker's medal of honor. a few years later, quite a few years later, 60 years later, president carter reinstated her name as a rifle recipient -- rightful recipient and to this day she remains the only female recipient of the medal of honor. just diverge one point here. the national portrait museum

next door where she worked, i went over there a couple of months ago and said i want to see mary walker. and there is no portrait of mary walker in the portrait museum. so i am using this as a public forum tonight to urge the international spy museum to undertake a project to see that mary walker's portrait is eventually, comes to its rightful place in the portrait museum. [applause] robert: william seward, known for purchasing alaska -- he really should have been known for running lincoln's spy operations during the civil war. ,e had agents all across europe

and one of the successes he had was essentially having an agent co-opt the principal newspaper in belgium to then print prounion stories in its promoter and thereby the union cause. seward was one of the three targets of the booth assassination plot. lincoln was, vice president johnson, and seward. seward, however, when he was -- it was a stabbing , loud,, and a bloody scuffle at his home. his two sons were also attacked by lewis powell. howell thought he had killed the

secretary. in fact, he had not. andll got out of the house then wandered around for three days before he was captured. .ut seward survived the survival of seward from that attack was probably another of it did not that succeed. the united states government was not decapitated because seward survived that awful spy plot. a double agent for the union wasn't.except, she this cuban born lady purported to be loyal to the union but d a confederate

spy. her spy work included working the treasury, making numerous trips to europe and instigating a plan to devalue u.s. currency. at the end of the war, she wrote a book. interestingly, lots of these seem to havees written lots of books, which, of course, i do not support at all. her story, spilling her secrets, was a woman in battle. bromance, heroism, clever , like many books by cia officers, how much remains true

remains in dispute. we talked about assessment as a ,ritical tool of intelligence and a building in virginia -- some of you may remember -- it was just torn down. the historic reservation people maintainingeed in this one. it was torn down about a year ago, but the young guy in the picture -- this is where he first was interviewed by the , and as he tells his -- he was from the midwest and have come back to washington at the invitation of the cia and was told to go to this address. went back to his hotel that evening and wrote a note to his

theer and said, "i guess interview went all right. what surprises me, though, is how small the cia is." not knowing this was just an out building, not the headquarters of the building, it remained the principal location for applicants and for polygraph testing and then some initial instruction in the cia for a number of years during the 1960's and 1970's. the cuban model hard. beautiful lady. by the name of jennifer miles, really aican, became while shecient auto was in canada, went to cuba, met a lot of important people for

the cuban service, then sent them to the united states and back to washington, then told get a job in government. she did get a job with the south african industry and then began and greetingating and having affairs with a variety of individuals. she was controlled by two cuban diplomats in new york. she traveled to new york, had an outtment there and carry her activities. it was 1980 -- i'm sorry 1970 when she started making serious inroads into people at the white house -- staffers at the white fbi said, "we've had enough of this," and they arrested her handlers, and she was deported to south africa.

another case of the diversity of spies. ethnic, gender, whatever. hotter. story gets even to tell that one, welcome keith melton. [applause] keith: good evening. washington has been known for many things, certainly casual relationships or one of them, but the integration of these into an espionage context has been fascinating. in the history of the czech intelligence service, they look most terrific and former eastern bloc warsaw penetration during the cia during the cold war was an illegal couple. she is remembered as being warm,

beautiful, sensational, and orgasmic. he is remembered as being everything that she wasn't. penetrated the cia and ultimately betrayed one of our most significant assets in the russian ministry of -- soviet ministry of foreign affairs. he was involved as a translator, .ltimately provided information he finally committed suicide. it was a significant case. they were ultimately swapped, returned to prague. this is carl and hannah as they in about to be awarded suite at the czech intelligence service. ,his is our fellow board member who was personally involved in handling the case.

we showed this picture today at lunch. he was with us, and it was the first time he had seen it since the time, so quite interesting. we have only recently uncovered out of the files this is an unknown drop site they were using in communication with him at the georgetown square , so interesting bit of history that just showed up. espionage is of no good unless it can communicate a secret between an agent and handler, and during the cold war, the of bob and his colleagues was to facilitate that. how can you get a secret picture or recording, how can you pass it? the russians and soviets were indeed very sophisticated at this. a typical example would be an operation called high fly, which

was a g r u, which is soviet military intelligence. it was a senior kernel at their embassy. trolling the bars of georgetown, he makes an acquaintance with a u.s. air force officer. fbi gave codenamed yogi. he complains his lack of money. opportunities. his officer says how wonderful, essentially recruits him. their specific interests is star wars missile defense systems, and he had access to the material. unbeknownst to soviets, he's being operated by the office of special investigations and successfully drained the best gru tradecraft from the gr you of the period.

key we had was this telephone pole, and it took us the longest time to find the poll. the reason is because the utility company had in the 1990's renumbered the polls. we were happily able to find the second set of numbers that helped us identify them. among the examples of things that came out of this was an of f 67 gru rollover camera. this was a handheld analog film camera that you could literally just move across a document, and it would scan it to film. quite exceptional for the time. this was kind of different packaging for the time, but it was the type of tradecraft equipment that during the cold war was the heart of espionage.

targets of the fbi and cia at the time. as technology has proceeded, one of the most significant cases is brian patrick reagan, the subject of a recent book. he worked for the cia, retired military. he is often referred to as an .diot savant he decided that his pension was not adequate and made a decision to go to the public library and made contact to contact both the iraqis as well as the chinese. unbeknownst to us at the time, half-time -- one on a classified .nformation what was clever at the time was he used the newly created gps,

and he had gps coordinates for each of his drop sites, and they would refer to, for example, a tree, but to make them more obfuscated, he would take them and put a nail in the tree, and he had another number that would indicate the direction and the number of paces from the tree into the park. he then took the documents, put them in plastic wraps, -- plastic bags, triple wrapped them, and buried them. he has the coordinates for all of these and the addresses for the indices cipher in a letter, a document, which was in his shoe when he decides to lead the u.s. he goes to dulles airport. the u.s. government, who had been tracking his communications since he was on the internet arrest him at the airport, but we could not break his cipher. it was a very, very clever cipher. faced with what they knew was his bad activity and his offer to the iraqis and the chinese,

he was offered a 12-year plea bargain. he rejected that it wanted to go to trial. in the midst of which, we were able to break the cipher, and what we found, the key to it was buried at the fredericksburg exit sign off of i-95 at the base of the poll up on top of the hill in a blue plastic toothbrush holder, and in it was the key to the cipher. once we got that, we were able to find the sites. he went out ultimately with the team that recovered them. you are saying was there anything there? there was a halftime -- a half on of soggy documents. he was concerned with the holes inso he poked the plastic to stop the bubbles.

ultimately, it was a soggy mess, but it was one of the most significant cases. operational cases had numbers of opportunities in the book. we're going to talk about that. among the most interesting examples of a tradecraft case is how many spies in history had an opportunity to examine a drop ? te from their home the case goes back to edwin moore who in 1976 throws a brick over the wall at the soviet embassy on 16th street. wrapped around the brick is a message tied in rope. says i have information to sell to the u.s. government -- to the russian government. if you are interested, drop money in a package between this hydrant and the poll on this address, and it is across from

his house. he indeed surveilled the drop site. the security officer at the .mbassy the guards bring the rock to them. he does not see the message and says 10 that over to the d.c. police. the d.c. police read the message and call the fbi. the fbi fills the drop. he plays along. he was a retired nsa officer. he was ultimately arrested. this has an interesting twist to it. does the name your tolliver genco mean anything to you? he becomes a defective to the u.s. in 1985. he was stationed in rome. he defects. secretely, the u.s. attempt in an aircraft and flies into andrews air force base. he is met by a limousine with a cia officer inside. they get his luggage, he quickly goes inside. then did protocol, the first

question you ask a defector is what? do you know of any penetration of the u.s. government? the person asking the question is aldrich ames, who was himself a spy for the russians at that point. in effect, what he's asking at that point is "do you know about me," and he says no. he goes to a safe house and ultimately his debriefed. when he is debriefed, he gives them information that identifies ,r. long, who was ronald pelton who is the man who called the russian embassy and bob played you a recording of fear the other person is a cia defector, one of the first. the information he gave was absolutely valid. the interesting question is -- why did he defect? he in rome was having an affair with the wife of another soviet

diplomat. kind of a common occurrence in soviet indices abroad. she with her husband are stationed in ottawa. he is having stomach problems. he think's it is from stress. he goes to the soviet doctor and they tell him that he has stomach cancer, but unfortunately, it's not treatable by any drugs available to the russian doctors, that it's only in the west that they have drugs such as this. being lovesick, thinking he is terminally ill, he makes a decision to defect to the u.s., .rrives in the u.s. among the things the cia does is give him a full physical. they discover he does not have cancer. he has an ulcer. they treat ulcer. his health recovers. so his health and his libido both are recovering, so he wants to make a plan to secretly go to to meet up with his love

lost friend, the wife, and have hurt below back to the u.s. with him. cia supports it. service in ottawa support it. the person who makes the travel arrangement, though, is aldrich ames. he in turn notified the kgb. they are waiting in the apartment. he knocks on the door. they hear muffled men's voices inside, she comes to the door and says no, she will not come out, and slams the door. so he comes back to the u.s. he is healthy, lonely, and has no love affair, so he makes a decision to read effect -- three re-effect back to the ussr. he wantsnner, he says to go out for a smoke. he tells his cia manager, "if i don't come back, don't harshly

of yourself, and he safely walks nearby to the soviet embassy and interest. they held a press conference. his immediate statement is that he was drugged by the cia and kidnapped. is that very believable? well, he is a calculating individual, and he had been on a task force years ago that had black sea fleet captain who had defected. was home sick and then came back. kgb would have one of two choices, either admit he is a traitor and he did damage to the cause and execute him or -- and by the way, suffered the big nominee that they cannot run their organization effectively, or claim this is part of a very clever plot and welcome have home as awelcome him hero. they chose the latter, though the service never allow him to get into intelligence headquarters and he spent the rest of his career as a security

guard in a bank, and i interviewed him in 1997 and spent time with him for about an hour and a half. interestingly, this is the river 7, 1985 -- november 7, 1985, when he is on the plane back. in honor of his exit, the selected an honor guard to accompany him. , twois valerie martin off of the cia and fbi's most significant penetrations inside the soviet embassy, and they were betrayed by both aldrich ames first in april of 1985 and earlier,, so 33 days he had offered his second batch wasnformation, so he arrested soon after the plane landed. interesting case. he was never trusted by his colleagues again, but he is

still alive and still working as a security guard in moscow. of the most significant damage to the cia was done by aldrich ames. it was here that in late april mes gave aat aims -- a big dump to the kgb, which was a shopping bag full of american secrets. ultimately, aldrich ames and his colombian born wife would develop a very lavish lifestyle in the u.s. he had such a need of money, especially for her expenses, that this is one of the drop sites. we name and number of the drop sites in the book. this was codenamed pike, and in his favor's mentions that his

mentions in his famous , he said he needed a drop and it it it quickly, and ultimately they bought a home in london and paid $520,000 cash. her family was a well-known name in columbia. they cover the money saying it was a gift from the family. planning amately trip to eastern europe and was arrested by the cia/f dei before he could depart. license plate his will be on display in new museum. this is soon after he was arrested. he is at the time the most damaging spy in the history of cia. the most damaging spy in the history of the fbi is robert hanssen. this is his residence on tele .trive -- talus drive

this is 9419. -- talisman drive. the cia, fbi understood for the first time who he was. this house had been on the market for about three months. not much interest. suddenly one afternoon, a well-dressed woman comes in, says she would like to buy it. no contingencies, no inspections. she will pay cash. she would like to close within seven days. this would be the primary fbi observation post looking right into the house. ultimately, he would communicate dead drops around washington and northern virginia. we did a complete list of him in the book. on his final drop, february 2001, it was at fox stone part. one piece ofs a

johnson & johnson medical tape foxed horizontally of the stone park sign. he disappeared into the park nine minutes. if you walk four and a half minutes into the park, you come to this bridge. he left his package between the bottom of the wooden bridge in the concrete there in the wooden bank. when he comes back out, his car is left there. it is currently about 5:00 p.m. he has just dropped his best friend at dulles airport. his wife is waiting at home with a tv dinner, and they're going to watch nascar. these are robert hanssen's last moments as he exits the park. hill.walking up the

he is wearing his gray jacket, his black sweater. he is armed, serving supervisory special agent. he goes to the top of the hill, turns right, his car is waiting. the team expected him that night, so they are really set up more for night photography than date geography. the camera at the drop site was have noing, so they picture of him filling the drop. he's turning right. they have a team of five individuals to make the arrest. they are now speeding toward the site in a modified chrysler minivan that they disabled the child protection locks so they are able to get out of it while it is moving. he is now being placed under arrest. his final words as he is being arrested is, "so this is how it ends."

he always spoke to himself and almost shakespearean third person terms. his damage to the fbi -- we hope it is the worst there is -- the most damage that was probably done to the u.s. army or defense intelligence agency. the queen of cuban spies was well infiltrated into the intelligence community. here she is in a picture at a cia senior intelligence conference course. she was a graduates of johns hopkins as ais. likely recruited in the 1984 period. she would go work for the department of justice, working on freedom of information act. she had top-secret clearance but without a polygraph. she graduated from johns hopkins and wanted to go into the intelligence community, but the only agency she could work for that did not require a polygraph

was the defense intelligence agency, and she goes there. we believe for a while that she was a romeo recruitment. she had been recruited by a male at the university, but it does not seem to be true. she was truly an ideological convert. she believed passionately in the cuban system. would985 to 2001, she become known as the perfect spy. she became the definitive dia on cuba. she's the person the u.s. military looked to for strategic advice on cuba. she would be in the position to write policy that ultimately u.s. affect the relationship with cuba, and finally, she made her rolodex of contacts within the u.s. intelligence community available to the cuban government.

at points, she was directed personally by fidel castro tasking her on specific missions. it does not get much worse for us. for years, we could not understand how she was communicating. the belief was that her communications were always with a member of the cuban mission in new york city. it later turned out she had 232 unauthorized meetings with cuba officials over coffee at starbucks at different locations around the d.c. area. a significant, damaging case. this is her residence. she lived in this apartment. siblings that were members of the fbi that were completely uninvolved with the case. she had a boyfriend who worked for special operations, lived in miami. from thiserating

bedroom, communicating over one-way voice link. she used a toshiba laptop computer. this is surveillance film of her .oming into her house once she came to the attention kind of through a fluke, she was placed under surveillance. while she was under surveillance, ironically, her boyfriend shows up unannounced from miami one night about 10:00 p.m. on a saturday evening. knocks on the door. she starts screaming at him and will not let him in. turns out later she was in the midst of receiving a one-way voice transmission. they always repeat the numbers twice, so she had a second go at it, but she could not do that while he was there, so ultimately, he was completely uninvolved, so she received a 20 five-year prison sentence. it was the most damaging case in

defenseory of the intelligence agency. one of the most interesting cases is greg ferguson, who worked with the cooperation agency. he was in the position of being able to give input on technology that was going to be sold defense equipment. he was false flagged by an agent he believed represented taiwan but was actually a chinese agent. the false friend -- false flag premise was they were going to he was givingd the information they were going to get anyway. just if they know about it earlier, they can plan defensive spending. secretly, this was all being orchestrated by the chinese. what makes it interesting is after he was discovered is the .echnical skill

once the fbi is on to someone, they do not get away. what they did was modify his car, his suv, so they had two cameras inside and full audio, so they are able to surveillance his leads. the person he is speaking with is a chinese agent. they are writing around northern virginia, and i thought you might like to hear him describing his activities in his gregords, so this is sitting here. this is johnny sitting here. they are driving in the suv, and you will hear him talking about what he does. >> nothing like a little money between friends. this is copying documents.

very, very reticent to let you have it because it is all classified, but i will let you see it, and you can take all the notes you want. if it ever fell into the wrong hands -- i know it's not going to, but if it was, i would be fired for sure. i would go to jail. keith: actually, he did violate all the rules. what's interesting is he stops at a rest stop to use the facilities. when he goes inside, it turns o is secretlyny quote recording the whole thing, so fbi surveillance picks up on surveillance that he was recording the whole time. one of the most interesting

cases is a 1999 operation in which this individual, who was radiofrequency bugging expert in the world was stationed at the embassy here in washington. the fbi surveillance notices him loitering outside the state department on foggy bottom, and his activity was very suspicious. anyone have an idea what he was doing? he was feeding quarters into a parking meter. is that a consistent activity with a diplomat? diplomats do not pay for parking. seeing a russian intelligence officer feeding quarters into the meter was very, very questionable. ultimately, the fbi surveilled him. this is one of the surveillance films.

they notice he was parking his car. what had happened is he has a listening device planted inside a fake piece of chair rail inside a conference room in the seventh floor, the executive level of the state department. car, andreceiver in a he is there monitoring it sitting in the park with it are trying to record communication, but they know the problem is that the listening device, the transmitter only has certain power, so they are trying to turn it on and off. when of the things the bureau noticed on the parking places. this is the equipment that he used. we have a piece on display that will be in the museum, but it was a very sophisticated intelligence operation. the last case i wanted to chat with you about and certainly one of the most famous -- how many of you remember the ghost stories operations, the russian

illegals in 2010? it's one of the most significant cases of russian operations in the u.s. some of you may remember a somewhat glamorous redhead by the name of on a chapman -- anna chapman who got all the attention. probably will be looked back on us the watershed moment in russian illegal operations from the sense that historically, illegals were the best trained of russian spies. they would have careers that spanned 20 or 30 years, go undercover, false name. they had a family, children, lived completely separate lives and operations. what they discovered is the problem was maintaining cover. and world of the internet digital databases, you could not conceal your true identity. even though you could make up records, show you went to a college and graduated and had a home, you could not constantly hide the records.

it's interesting -- all these records were created on the same date five years ago. you could not build a convincing cover. theyussians found out true send somebody under a name. young person, just got out of college, let them come here as a student, smart, articulate, and they simply pass unnoticed. apartment he lived at in northern virginia. he was false flagged by the fbi. he came under attention. that all a decision the illegals would be arrested in late june 2010. there was not a convincing case against him, so the fbi called him to a fake meeting. they knew the code word to bring him to the meeting. the agent who met undercover like youid, we would

to do a clandestine act for us. we have an envelope filled with $5,000. in lovers run in arlington, and the key was to leave the $5,000 on top of the abutment the need the wooden bridge. that is what he is to do. he has committed a clandestine act and can be arrested. unbeknownst to him, he goes to the site, and there's a surveillance video waiting for him. somewhere in the academy, they are showing this same video, and this has to be the example of the longest time ever recorded to fill a drop site. he has to reach under the bridge and put the envelope there. it takes him to minutes and 43 seconds to do this, so this is the video. see if we can catch him coming out. there he comes.

he finds the bridge. reaches underneath. he will actually get down underneath. the bureau had made it easier and put a big green spot of rock to identify we want the money right on top of this. i will spare you the rest of the two minutes. what they found is by recruiting very young agents, you get use, you get vitality, you get streetsmarts, but you lack the tradecraft training. it's interesting that the two young agents were both false flagged. i had great fun doing the book. it has been a labor of love. we had done two earlier books on spy sites of new york city and philadelphia. we are pleased to let you know that the first book has been so

successful, we are now doing a new and double size edition for georgetown press. we are busy working on it now. my passion is, as peter mentioned, the artifacts. there is nowhere in the world s on the craft of espionage are taken as seriously as we do here. we have some very effective and three people that protect our country in the intelligence services. we are honored to tell their stories here. we hope some of this will be of interest to you. we would love to have you join the inner circle of the spy museum and visit with us. our new museum will open summer of next year. the structure is up. try diet sometime. you will see how impressive it is. if anyone has any questions, i know bob and i would be delighted to answer them. thank you. [applause]

keith: yeah, any questions. we would be happy to chat about any of this. yes, ma'am? >> this is very interesting. --o have a question for you what does the cia think about you sharing this information? robert: as a cia officer, i am under lifetime obligation to submit any material i write for the public to the cia publications review board. boardublications review reviews the material and suggests or identifies anything that is classified or inappropriate for public released to the

public. then we talk about that. usually, the publications review board wins. everything that is in these books that have my name on it has been reviewed and approved by the publications review board. note. me just add one that's a lovely answer, bob. i enjoyed it. what i actually know is that it took a long time to get that book through the publications review board and a lot of talking about issues. we can take more questions if you like. what a fascinating presentation. yes, ma'am. many of curious -- how the people did the kgb actually know those people's names, or were they unknown in terms of their specific names? >> it is a very, very good

question. to our knowledge, only individual -- the only individual that arguably has maintained, completely protected his identity was robert hanssen, and hanssen was skilled as a counterintelligence officer, and he knew his greatest likelihood of ever being detected was not through bad tradecraft because if you followeach our tradecraft, it is foolproof. you will not be found. he knew his greatest fear was -- was u.s. penetration in russian intelligence and he would likely be betrayed by someone who learned his name. he justified the people he betrayed so on october 1, when he mailed a letter and offer information, he betrayed three people he knew were u.s. penetrations in the industry. he knew someone else would do the same thing to him, so if he could maintain his anonymity, he thought that would give a layer

of protection. if we askit does, but theyost important agent had in the u.s., if they would allow him to remain anonymous, two answers. one says yes, the other says no. could they have set up a surveillance vehicle on one of the drop sites? the answer is yes. did they? we are still unsure. there were some hints that they gave. if you look at the communications they gave back and forth, there are some times you believe -- for example, all of the drop sites have an alphabetic number on them. they only did the b -- they omitted the b. is that a message? possibly, but there are reasons

to believe he is the only one that ever had a plausible chance, and the problem is -- how do you maintain your anonymity and then prove you have access to the document? timehe sent over the first was so devastating that they knew no one would have voluntarily sent that information. >> more questions? we have some real experts here. i can go down there. ok. >> the mayflower should always begin given credit for preserving history that has taken place there. my niece was a great fan of franklin roosevelt. as of three years ago, they would still let you stay in the very room that franklin his 1933 composed first inaugural address, and that is a great thing to do, to know you have that history and preserve it.

on hanssen, hanson and louis freeh were both members of the conservative catholic shanahanion and elaine the picnic at saint ann's church on wisconsin avenue and louis freeh was in the audience knowing that he would arrest robert hanssen in three days -- is that story true? robert: it is an interesting point. all of that is true. interesting is an point. all of that is true. the key is that robert hanssen went to church daily and repented for the sins he would then commit that night when he would pass documents to russia. the first time he was ever caught -- that is the interesting point to me. he had been unfaithful to his .ife bonnie

bob had had a significant girlfriend in college, but he thebeen infatuated with most beautiful girl, and he was kind of a tall, geeky guy, and with thehe ended up college beauty. so his college girlfriend, to show her she was not that special, they had an affair on the evening they were married. bonnie discovers this later, but she was married for life, and she never ever trusted him again. he was970 nine, stationed in new york city. they were leaving two hours out, they could barely afford it. he's in the basement of his home , and he is secretly writing this furtive note to someone. bonnie discovers it and thinks immediately he has another girlfriend. he says no, it's not that, it's only to the russians. so what does bonnie say?

that." they have to go meet with the police tomorrow, and she drag stop to the police and makes him confess to the priests. the priest says you have to do the right thing and turn yourself into the fbi and confess what you've done. responses? nk bob's "i'd like to sleep on that." the next morning before he can respond, the priest calls back and says he may have another idea. marys to say 1000 hail and give all the money he earned -- and estimated $30,000 -- give it back to a catholic charity. he later claimed and told the priest that he gave it to mother teresa, though interestingly, the bureau looked and there was any transfer. bonnie wood at a later point a role of a large

bagnt of money in bob's gym . she called her brother, who was a catholic priest in rome and that bob isoncerned up to bad things again. that brother calls the other brother, who is an fbi agent in chicago working on the polar squat and says, "i believe our rother-in-law is a spy." the current fbi officer calls his supervisor and says he believes his brother-in-law is a spy. it gets murky at that point that the supervisory agent never files a report and they never pursued it, so hanssen was able to file for it years later. but the director knew about it. the problem was they knew there was a traitor because they could never explain all the losses in

russia following in 1986 and 1987 as the agents betrayed by ames were racked up and they could never justify them. they were constantly looking for the mole. they believed it was a cia officer and a close friend of many of us here by the name of robert kelly. ony were the same age, lived the same street, had a similar , so was a great shock when he was discovered. he is still alive in florence, colorado, in super max. ? s, sir >> ok, ask a good question and you will get a good answer. how about over here? .> i'm curious i'm not sure how many people you have been able to interview, but

do the majority of people feel like this is how it is, or is there more of a sense of invincibility? >> are sold out by the officer who put handcuffs on him, and by the way, we will have those handcuffs on display in the new museum. it is open next year. the set of handcuffs that each of the 10 who were arrested had, so it is kind of an honor for an sb are officer to put his cuffs on a bad guy -- it is kind of an honor for an fbi officer. interestingly, when he was in and is handcuffed in the back of the vehicle, they did not immediately take him because they wanted to arrest the officer that was coming to clear the drop, so they actually took him to a small jail south of , a regional jail, and

kept him there overnight, and they never came and cleared the drop side, but it was in the car as they were driving him down there. he started trying to talk as a colleague to the two agents that had just arrested him, and finally, they said, "don't talk to us anymore. you are no longer a colleague. you are a spy." so it was a bit cathartic, but those were the exact words if i understand your question. >> aldrich ames went to the chief of the soviet division at the cia and said he's coming to the end of his assignment in the and saidarcotics group he was looking for his next job. the chief of the soviet division aims -- knew that ames

was a spy. aldrich ames said they were two jobs he was interested in. being deputy chief in moscow if that's open, and the other -- i understand your moving upstairs to be the deputy to the deputy director for operations. the chief said yes, that's correct. ames said he would like to be his assistant on the seventh floor. the chief, again knowing what he "i'll tell you what -- i assure you this -- i will do everything in my power to see that you get what you deserve." about a month later, aldrich ames is being debriefed by the

cia and fbi who determine the degree to which the damage he had done, the damage assessment, , "now iich ames says know what that son of a pitch -- bitch meant." >> i heard in my readings that they had only one elected official that was spying for -- sovietve it was the union, american spying for the soviet union. he was a congressman from new york, and he walked in on a mission over there or the embassy here. did anybody discover that until many years later, or did they discover it while he was still alive? robert: this is a new york congressman, 1937, was recruited by soviet intelligence.

the next three years, was an off and on again troublesome .ource one of the things you learned in the intelligence business is not all of the agents are real pleasant people and easy to get along with. evidently, he was in that mode. the soviets had pretty much given up on him, although he had in fact given them some information, spied for them during the previous three years. it was about that time that he introduced legislation to create the house on american activities committee. created aned and actively hunted communists throughout the united states government. he retired from congress and became a judge in the state of new york, served honorably in

that capacity before he passed away. he was never identified as a spy thel we released transcripts in the mid-1990's -- in theona transcripts 1990's. it was a collection activity of soviet communications between their center and their operations in new york and .ashington there was a laborious effort to decrypt those communications that occurred from the late 1930's through the 1950's, and he was one of the several people who were then identified -- conclusively identified as soviet agents from those transcripts. -- ander well-known one keith always reminds me -- keith

loves these codenames. the codename for congressman dickstein was "crook." [laughter] >> ok, go home, get a good nights sleep, and when you wake of and read your morning paper, see if it matches anything you read here tonight. thank you so much for an absolutely fascinating evening. they will both be here answering some brief questions. thank you so much for joining us this evening. >> interested in american history tv? visit our website, www.c-span.org/history. you can view our tv schedule, preview upcoming programs, and watch college lectures, museum

tours, archival films, and more. history tv at c-span.org/history. this weekend on american history tv, the organization of american historians host a panel of historians who discuss their roles as expert witnesses in court cases, on abortion, native american treaties, gay rights, and affirmative action. here's a preview. >> i will never publish a word of these reports, at least on my own, even though i'm proud of the work. why? one major report concerning tribal treaty rights involved analyzing a phrase in a treaty clause. i had to explain the contemporary meeting of the terms usual and accustomed places. that few words in a report

ran several hundred pages. the research led me to my considering myself for a time the countries leading historian of oyster cultivation, a title to which i had never aspired and to which i did not have much competition. as an expert witness, i have experienced some of the most gratifying moments of my career -- putting historical knowledge to work in ways that made --fessional standards allowed our professional standards to make an immediate difference in the world. years of this have left me wary of the whole endeavor. a new book why one of my colleagues at stanford has made me recognize my work as an expert as its own history. .t is a relic it has been awkwardly grafted onto the adversarial tradition of american jurisprudence that the oldw and replaced

courts. i am implicated to the best of motives in the set of practices of which i would rather not be a part. i do not regard sea-based governance as a good thing, but as an expert, i am part of it. i do not think adversarial procedures are the best way to set up -- settle matters of historical fact and interpretation. that is what i engage in as an expert. i am always uneasy forcing sometimes conquered and impoverished people to defend their rights, land, and very identity in forms that are not of their own choosing, but that is what the tribes have to do. sunday at watch it at 6:30 p.m.. american history tv, only on c-span3. ♪ c-span, where history unfolds

daily. in 1979, c-span was created as a public service by america's companies.c it is brought to you today by your cable or satellite provider. announcer: on lectures in history, townsend university professor akim reinhardt teaches a class about victorian culture in the last half of the 19th century. he describes the societal customs of the upper and growing middle class and established gender norms for the time. he talks about how the conventions created expectations that covered behavior, dress, work, and home life. his class is about an hour. professor reinhardt: all right, this is a picture of queen -- queen ofean england from 1837 until 1901. for a long time she was the longest reigning monarch in british history.