and i moved toward him as well. >> than at 8:00, on the presidency, annette gordon reed on the relationship between thomas jefferson and the enslaved hemmings family. >> people were property that could be bought and sold. that was the thing that many of hemmingsmembers of the with thehey all lived specter of the possibility that to that could happen, because the law construed them as property. jefferson construed them as property. complete american history tv schedule, go to c-span.org. >> we are standing in front of the turtle bay exploration park and museum in redding, california. ♪

come inside as we look at an exhibit that shares the agricultural history of the region. i think it is really important for us to remember that agriculture is one of the backbones of california. even in far northern california, where it is mountainous and the terrain does not really lend itself to a lot of big ag. it does lend itself to pockets of ag in a community that is close to the land. julia: welcome to turtle bay exploration park's exploration home. you are in "rooted in this land," which is a temporary exhibition we have this spring. i have been in redding 20 years. i have always known redding is an agricultural area. shasta county is an agricultural county. we have a lot of great photos of agricultural scenes, and we thought it was time to do a big exhibition that celebrates the

history and modern practices of agriculture in our area. right now, we are standing on wintu land. before european settlers got here, the native population lived in tune with the land where they did not cultivate crops in the way we think of growing crops. they cultivated the natural environment to their benefit. they grew willow trees back to make baskets. but their population size was right size for the area. this particular spot was an amazing salmon fishery at the time. they lived off the land and lived well before white people got here in 1844. before that, people had been driving cattle and exploring through, but they had not actually settled.

our wintu population and other populations were heavily influenced by that. we want to celebrate the fact that these people were here and used the land. we have a wintu copper mortar. the baskets are for carrying crops. to celebrate the fact that these people are here still. but we are not really talking about them when we talk about the agricultural component of shasta county, because that is very much a euro-american institution imposed on this land. the first euro-american settler

in shasta county was pierson b. reading. pierson arrives in 1844. he had people arrive and start cultivating. he brought in cattle and started to do livestock industry, as well as cultivating and growing crops. he grew grapes here, which is something a lot of people did not realize that something had been going on since 1844. reading comes in, sets up shop, he starts his rancho and begin selling land to other people. there is another rancho on the other side of the river. then, the gold rush strikes in 1849. reading, who is friends with sutter, finds out what is going on with the gold, the area has the potential, and goes to clear creek with native people and discovers gold himself on what is now known as "reading's bar." that became the beginning of the gold rush in that county. but ag was here before gold. we tend to celebrate the mining history of the area and forget

about the roots, which are agricultural. reading, when california became a state, he was still trying to make sure his rancho got register. but he had to register his cattle brand with the state of california. in 1850, well into the 20th century, that system for registering brands, get this leather cow-shaped head and stamp the brand on it and fill out the back with information. we have reading's brand and others in here to talk about the history. there is a wonderful book of all of the brand registries, which is really great historical research. one of the things we discovered through doing this exhibition is something we knew from living here. this is really a livestock area. it is range cattle and beef cattle today. a lot of the hides were being shipped back east to boston.

they were very valuable at the time. this area underwent a lot of different changes. fruits became a big deal, especially in the south in the anderson and happy valley area. we were the prune capital of northern california, at one point. irrigation changes that. all of a sudden, we can irrigate land. we can get more cattle, growing of hay and alfalfa in a year-round pasture. we get a dairy pasture, and slowly, we are back to beef cattle, which is one of our big exports out of the area. second only to trees, timber, which is an agricultural product, but you cannot eat it so we only talk about food in this exhibition.

cattle is our biggest export. our biggest dollar producer for agriculture in shasta county. one of the things we did was a deep dive into paper articles and old names like late and early 20th century, trying to get a handle on information of the various crops we were looking at. we found this 1888 listing of great growers in california. great --growers -- grape growers in california. these are only people who registered. you can see all of these people are growing grapes. we only had 135,000 people in the county at this point. commercial grape growing had been successful for years by the 1920's. in 1960, 100% of the great acreage reported was devoted to wine, but it was only 10 acres. so growing collapsed, but then it expanded again. it is not very many compared to other places in california, but

it is a growing industry, so it is like a new prize. -- new rise. another success story is bees. not just honey, but bees. we of course have them for pollination purposes and for honey since they got here, but the queen bee industry that started because of a man named homer park. he began selling queen bees when he was in high school. he began the industry of specifically selling queen bees. his extended family, including his daughter and husband, are one of shasta county's big industries. apiary products, including bees

and beehives, are a big economic driver. they rent hives to people who grow crops that have to be pollinated by bees. they trade honey for people for permission to put bees on their property. and every day, they are raising and shipping out queen bees. you can also purchase starter packages for them to get beehives. it is wonderful that this technology that was designed by homer park and honed over time as to what they are using to create these sellable queen bees.

so they let us a lot of bee package. that is a picture of a good starter hive that they will send to someone who has hives and wants to restart their hives. get fresh bees every few years. antique wax knives. they used a very lightweight beekeeper veil, because they are working gloveless with bees. very gently. the bees trust them to sort out the queens and pull them out for shipping. i hope any guest that comes through gets a good snapshot of what northern california is in terms of agriculture and our region in redding. local people see themselves here

and see the importance of the neighbors who are agricultural lists, even if they are not. it is a little microcosm of california, the california story. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2017] learn more about reading on our website c-span.org. sunday night on afterwards, --ene cooper, discovers discusses liberia's first elected president. that's in her book, madam president, the extraordinary journey. she is interviewed by karen bass of california. >> when did you first meet madame president? >> i've known about her all my life. >> but did you know her? >> she became famous for minister of finance in 1979 and 1980. i'm 13 or 14 at that time.

she knew my parents. somebody that, as a child growing up, she was always criticizing the same government she worked for, and in 1985, when she was arrested and thrown in jail, i heard all about that. she became a political icon at this time. watch sunday night at 9 p.m. eastern. this class errors in its entirety on lectures in history. that is here on american history tv. only on c-span3. somebody read section six for me.

back.ad let's get back over here. stateing resided in the before the day of election of representatives, and pay public taxes during that year, shall enjoy the right of the elector. >> is there anything in the statement that becca just read which suggests that you have to have wealth or land in order to vote? that does not have a wealth or land requirement. you remember the charter of privileges? was there land requirement?

do remember what it was? 50 acres or 50 pounds worth of an estate. that is wiped off the books. now, nothing. you do have to be a male. but any male who pays taxes, can vote. constitutionther in the world at this point that allowed this kind of universal manhood suffrage. the right for everybody to vote. that is democracy, folks. >> tonight, on lectures and history. college professor teaches a class on the people and ideas that shape the pennsylvania constitution written in 1776. here is a preview. of american history tv we hear a , panel of presidential historian discuss some of the country's most influential first

ladies, relationships with their spouses, and difficulties they face in the white house. we also talk about presidential daughters, sisters, and nieces, who left their own mark on white house history. the new york historical society hosted this event. it is about an hour. ms. mirrer: good evening and welcome to the new york historical society. i'm louise mirrer, president and ceo, and i am thrilled to see you in our beautiful auditorium this evening. tonight's program, women in the white house, is part of our bernard and irene schwartz distinguished speaker series. i would like to thank mr. schwartz for his support that has allowed us to bring many fine historians and writers to this stage.