originated from during the places means of when they originated and left asian to come to north america. this is a way that we can work closely with the native tribes and all of us learned something through the archaeology. >> a weekend american tv is that on the university of oregon. we recently visited many sites and showcase its history. learn more about eugene all weekend. on american history tv. the logging industry in oregon was really important because it was seen as sort of an exhaustible resource. when you first come to oregon, if you're not familiar with our ecology, you are shocked by how

many trees we have. we are developing the technology to kind of cope with the mountainous terrain and the large size of the trees and figure out how to turn that resource into something we can harness economically to support the people living in this area. we are in the lane county historical museum exhibit, lost towns, which is a social history of the logging industry. it took its inspiration from the idea of ghost towns. here in this part of oregon we don't of the classic old west ghost towns. we have counted were abandoned for various reasons. this section discusses what life is like for the loggers. wendling was started getting used in the 1880's and was run by private companies, which is typical for early logging in this part of the country. small companies would take over a site and

usually over capitalize by investing in machinery or manpower. in the site the transfer hands. what became wendling changed hands about every year between 1880 and 1896. it was purchased by a few men who incorporated in 1896. they ran it as an organized logging camp. it really was rough living. they did fieldwork or accommodations. they built a bunkhouse. the bunkhouse got to be a bit of a joke among the men. they did not have the best access to sanitation, so the bunkhouse often had flea infestations. they were about 20 to 30 men living in the bunkhouse, and possibly one of dwindling's most famous residence is a man known only as the stump man. sometime around

1898, he got so fed up with conditions at the bunkhouse he kept getting that he took a stump from a massive tree they were unable to remove. stump pulling his every challenging -- is very challenging, to put a roof on it ended in this stump for two years. the bunkhouse eventually became so much of a problem that after they built the sawmill, and then routed steam pipes from the mill into the bunkhouse as a way to fumigate it. they sealed up all the windows and doors and just let thise 's theme -- the steam blasted for a day. all that it was not the paint off the wall and they still had lice. \ windling, the owners realized working conditions and living conditions were pretty harsh.

what they decided to do was take on an idea that happened in a lot of other parts of the u.s. and was becoming popular in the early 20th century and organize as a company town. they actually built quicker -- bigger accommodations for families, and they built a much nicer and more up-to-date bunkhouse with meeting facilities. -- bathing facilities. they built the dining hall that could sit 175 people at a sitting. they tried to apply current business practices to the living conditions as a way to sort of improve morale and make sure they had the best loggers working for them. one of the largest part of our collection is our antique technology collection. we have a number of artifacts specifically related to logging that we have on view.

one of the most popular artifacts, especially with former loggers themselves are the boots. we start seeing them developing in the 19th century. what they are is a modified heeled for good. spike souls are added to the bottom. what they are made for is to actually allow men to stand on springboards, and you type of logging technology. boards were driven into trees to raise them so they could cut the undergrowth. they had a nice purchase on the board. they were also used in what is known as river drives, where the logs would be floated in a body of water and then would stand on the box. this allowed them to have a good grip and uneven conditions. this pair dates from

the 1940's. they were donated by the former owner. another interesting thing is the no cocks allowed sign. many areas surrounding logging camps would often have trouble with loggers coming in thereir boots and ruining the floors. from the 40's to the 60's and 70's you have these posted in logging towns. for the larger pieces of equipment, what we have done with this display is traced the history of logging technology. we start with a cool that was -- tool that was actually developed on the east coast in the 1850's. it was also used out here. what it is is a spiked tool you would use to move logs on a river drive. as they are floating in the water it would be used to put them in the water, take them out while you're standing on them. river

drive super grueling. they could take up to two weeks. the net would be in the water almost all the time with their pv's. the next is an early piece of logging technology, a felling ax. it would be used in most of the press of the united states, but in the west coast of the size of our trees, trying to fell 10 foot in diameter redwood with an ax, you would be added for days. we saw the ax above it, a crosscut saw. that is a saw made to be used by two men standing on either side. unlike what a lot of people think. you are cutting as you push the log, not on the pull.each would take turns pushing. you are using a much stronger force than you would be using pulling. the next is a very popular circular saw mill blade. this particular

blatantly from a smaller mill. it would be used to cut the raw logs in the lumber. this example probably dates from the early 20th century. power logging or using gasoline powered saws starts coming in after world war i. in the 1930's and 1940's we see the classic chainsaws being introduced. wheel well known in the area example. this is a two-man chainsaw. you have strong guys at the end with the diesel powered engine. you have another guy on the opposite end who would actually help guide it through the tree. this particular model was outlawed because of the danger if the chain broke. intake of both the men. it was a pretty tricky issa machinery -- piece of machinery

to use. another technological change we see when logging started in earnest on the west coast is the invention of what is known as the springboard. it was really important to logging because as you can see in these photos there is really thick underbrush and our forest. it is difficult actually clear the ground enough to get to the tree. and with firs, redwoods, seaters, what -- furs, redwoods, cedars, you have to go up several feet to get to a spot where it is more energy effective to solve. -- saw. they would take pieces of raw plank.

they would put what are known as toes, a small iron piece at the end. he would drive that into victory treaty in the flat surface to work on. this solved the problem of uneven ground or dealing with felling a tree on a hillside, which is common in this county. what they would do is two men would drive the springboard into the tree, pop up on the springboard, fell the tree and usually use an ax to make the cut. you can see what happens when they get in far enough the tree actually falls. you have to jump off the springboard and run out of the way as quickly as you can. which you can see in this photo from 19 no one, they would basically jump and run. an interesting issue that gets brought up now when discussing logging, and it really became part of the conversation and 1980's and 1990's is the concept of clearcutting. the term clear-cut

is a new term. it really refers to any method of logging where you fell the tree and take out everything in the general area. you don't leave any trees standing. that was the basic method for felling trees until more recent times when they started investigating more ecologically friendly efforts of logging. it was known to be problematic as early as the 1880's and 1890's. they knew it cost soil erosion, and led to forest fires, and it led to less biodiversity. to less -- the reason they did it was partly because they did not really have the technology to pick and choose, especially in the early days. when they had more complex technology, the 1910's and 1920's, it was more expensive to maintain forest and landing clear-cut land. a company would owns several thousand acres and they would just go from site to site and clear-cut. maintaining the tax

bill on the land if they replanted was cost prohibitive. we have a number of photos that show was considered today to be clearcutting, but at the time was standard logging procedures. this photo shows windling in 1925. a lot of these logs are relatively small for west coast standards. there are still people very much involved in the logging industry. wayne county has a lot of people working now who are interested in sustainable forestry practices and helping to improve our ecology and try to make up for some of the mistakes made in the past. a number of people are working to develop new products using smaller trees and more sustainable practices to make

new building materials. there is a lot of interesting things going on with the industry and people trying to work towards figuring out a way to use timber in the most intelligent and ecologically sound way they can. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] you are watching american history tv, a every weekend on c-span3. ♪ c-span, where history unfolds daily. 70 nine, c-span was created as a public service by america's cable-television companies.

it's brought to today by your cable or satellite provider. >> this weekend on american history tv, historian greg brezinski examines the competition between united dates and china, to influence the newly independent african and asian countries during the cold war. most importantly -- the --o-asian conference in 1955 this speaker made a very important performance that did standing along a log -- among a lot of effort-asian countries that didn't have relations with it before. ofteng offing -- beijing represented itself as a nation

that had suffered from imperialism in the past. it tried to create a leadership role for its self among afro-asian countries, as a successful example of postcolonial nationbuilding. business -- these were also a very important part of chinese diplomacy, sending diplomats abroad. constantly tried to raise its international profile lessening its representatives. -- to asia, africa, different afro-asian states. this included the famous 1964 visit to africa, regarding as a bold and important, also successful trip. do?ed states everything possible to undermine the chinese diplomacy and pressure the country loved you

establish relations with china, and when china participate in conferences such as geneva, united states generally try to do everything it could to minimize the importance of these conferences, and to limit china's role. this famous 1954 geneva hypnotist story more secretary of state -- tried to shake his hand. apparently walked past him. there is some debate among historians about whether this event actually occurred. even if it didn't, long to say why it took on such powerful, emotional, symbolic resonance. >> watch the entire program at 6:30 p.m. eastern sunday, here

on american history tv, weekend every weekend on c-span3. >> congress voted to declare war on germany on april 6, 1917, marking the entry of the u.s. into world war i. next, a panel of authors and historians as to what motivated the united states to get involved to what was then called, the great war. some reasons discussed, the influence of british propaganda, as well as zimmerman telegram, a diplomatic -- cable intercepted between germany and mexico the proposed alliance between the two countries. the panelists also talk about president woodrow wilson's decision-making process, asking congress to declare war. world war i centennial commission organized this 45 minute event. it took place at the national world war i museum and memorial in kansas city, missouri. [applause]