phosphate and then make repairs to the house. then boarded over the ceiling. but not going back to the original elegant style of the 18th century. when you visit plantations like drayton hall it's important to remember everything we see around us, the landscape, the buildings, the furniture whatever it may be, all these things of the product of the hands and minds of the black people and white people over time. the landscape we see here was here was shaped by african-americans. it was their labor, forced labor as slaves that produced the wealth and the drayton's also played a role because they were the ones who managed all this. we think some periods of time

they were 40 to 100 slaves in this area of drayton hall. but to run this house itself, the drayton's head cooks, butler's, stable hands, blacksmiths. they had carpenters. we have gone through the slave lists and identify the names of these individuals. we have tried to highlight those places that are distinctively african american, like the african-american cemetery that dates to the 1790's. we have done careful research to show the area to have been a cemetery. making it the oldest documented african-american cemetery in the nation still in use. descendents of the african-american can any from drayton hall can be interred

there. the last person to be interred there was richmond bowens, born in 1980. he died in 1998. he was a remarkable source of oral history for us and that a lot of work in educating people on the cane to drayton hall about this site as he remembered it growing up. parents and the african-american community here used the natural resources around for medicinal purposes. access to medical care was very limited for african-americans in the early 1900's. he referred to the woods around me and said this was our drugstore. >> on catherine braxton. drayton hall was the place where andncestors were enslaved,

some that were born here ever free. one of them being my grandfather. >> my name is rebecca campbell. my ancestors were born here. some enslaved, some more free. and the granddaughter of louis johnson senior, and the great-granddaughter of catherine johnson. we believe our great-grandmother, catherine, and i great-grandmother was catherine, they were in charge of the house. when i say in charge of the house, the big house, she was responsible for supervising the kitchens, the laundry, to be sure that the family got their meals and whatnot. she supervised that. that is my understanding.

some of the information we have came through richmond bowens. he had a very good memory. he pointed out these things to us. this is the african-american cemetery entry hall. this is where many of our ancestors are very. you may not find or see many headstones, but you will see a slight indentation in the ground that indicates that is a plot. slightlyhe stones are tilted or slightly damaged, but they are here. we are grateful for that because that takes as akin the time so we can see and get the feel of what our ancestors went through here at drayton hall. this was a dedication, as well

as a memorial. with the archsed the way it is. of richmondords bowens. "leave them rest." that was the result of a suggestion to beautifying this sacred spot. richmond said he thought it was not necessary to leave those who are buried here. let them rest. you don't need to beautify this area. i agree with that. just anything now, you have a feeling you are in touch with nature, ancestors. is peaceful here. leave them rest is on the arch. those are the words of richmond bolin. -- bowens. it matters to me because it

involves my ancestors that left a legacy here at drayton hall. i have learned over time some of the things they have done and have been involved with. it matters to me. and have also matter some matter in some way to others as well. i would like to get that out, and also to encourage others the navy have been involved in similar situations -- that maybe have been involved in similar situations that ancestors are a part of your history. they should be included and it should matter to them as well. this is just an example of what can happen, to be involved and we try to do that. drayton hall allows us to do that. we are involved. i appreciate it greatly. afterwards,ght on new american president and ceo

anne-marie slaughter examines global networking in the digital age in her book "the chess book and the web: strategies of connection and a networked world." she is interviewed by denis mcdonough, former white house chief of staff and the obama administration in 2013 to 2016. >> what would strike me as we knew there was a world of states. if you think about north korea or iran or china and russia, that world of state to state relations is still very important. i think of it as a chessboard world. it is the world of how do we beat our adversaries. we think about a move and we try to anticipate what move they are going to make. that world is very important, but equally important is what i call the world of the web. that world of criminal networks,

including terrorists, but also arms traffickers and drug traffickers. the world of business which increasingly big network supply chains, global corporations, and the world of nongovernmental organizations. i think of all those actors as web actors, increasingly important actors. but we don't have strategies for how to bring them together. >> watch afterwards, sunday night at 9:00 a.m. eastern on where2's book tv.>> just about -- >> this is american history tv on c-span3. we are live at the civil war institute's annual conference hosted by gettysburg college. our final speaker of the day is next. washington and lee university history professor barton myers talks about confederate general robert e. lee. >> if you could just make your way as quickly as possible after

this session. we don't have a lot of time. thank you very much. >> thank you, ashley. it is my pleasure to introduce for our final afternoon talk barton myers. barton is an associate professor of history at washington and lee university where he teaches courses on the american civil war, war and society, the u.s. south and public history. his main research emphasis is on a regular warfare, soldiers in atrocities, and political dissent. he has earned his phd at the university of georgia where he studied under john ensco. he published his master's thesis, which is unheard of, entitled "executing daniel bright: grace, loyalty and guerrilla violence and coastal carolina."

in receipt the 2009 jewels and francis landry award for the best book in seven studies. university published his dissertation, a book entitled "rebel against the confederacy, north carolina's unionist." he is the next rotondaro aware fair. he has an edited warfare with brian mcknight and daniel sutherland entitled "the guerrilla hunters: irregular conflicts during the civil war." 2017, you are not going to speak on guerrilla warfare. after all this, he does more than that and i asked him to speak about robert e. lee. robert e. lee on the front lines of battle. let us welcome barton myers. [applause]

mr. myers: i want to thank dr. carmichael for letting me speak about one of the greatest battlefield commanders and one of her most controversial american historical figures, robert edward lee of virginia. for the last five years i have been a professor at washington and lee university where robert e lee is very. has become a bit of a cottage industry over the last years for folks. i have dealt with a lot of issues related to lee an historical memory over the last few years. career intarted my the academy i was at the national park service ranger. i live in chancellorsville on the battlefield. i spent a lot of time thinking about robert e. lee. today i want to talk a little

bit about lee, one slice of his military career. the moments when he was in the greatest personal danger on the battlefield. had beenobert e. lee commander of the confederate army of northern virginia for precisely 1041 41 days when he of a onehe staff confederate battle flag in his own hands to rally the fleeing remnants of his army at the battle of sailor's creek. lee was personally placing himself in the line of battle to lead his soldiers. on reaching the south crest of the high ground at the crossing of the river overlooking sailor's creek, the disaster that it overtaken our army was in full view. general mahone troops arrived to

provide a rearguard at precisely the moment of greatest aspiration and struggled to set the harrowing scene. harrowing teamsters, no wagons, retreating infantry without guns. many without hats. massive columns of the enemy moving orderly. lee duringained to the critical moment of the army. general lee straightened himself in the saddle. he exclaimed, as if talking to himself, my god, has the army dissolved? general,plied, no, curators ready to do their duty. lee said, yes general, there are some true men left. will you please keep those people back. as i was placing my division to keep those people back, the retiring herd crowded around general lee as he sat on his

horse with a confederate battle flag in his hand. i requested him to give me the flag, which he did. this final scene became one of the most endearing memories for many soldiers from the entire appomattox campaign. it was one of the final moments where lee, the battlefield commander, connected with his soldiers. on three battlefields during the final year of the american civil war, general robert e. lee intentionally placed himself in harms way attempting to rally his men from near catastrophe. positioning himself in the line of battle with the intent of personal meeting his soldiers. at wilderness, spotsylvania three times, and sailor's creek in the final days of the war, the man and his army stopped lee . on the front lee lines of the battle moments for the commanding general personally rallied and attempted to fight on the field