no gun shells other than the police gun shells. no footprints, fingerprints, nothing was found. and yet 26 people were killed, one policeman, one fireman, the rest citizens, all by the three police forces that were operating. >> american history tv all weekend every weekend, only on cspan 3. don't be a sucker is a 1947 war department film that uses the experience of a hungarian american to warn against the dangers of persecuting minorities. reacting to a hate filled speech in an american city he recalls how similar speeches led to the destruction of german society. this is just over 15 minutes.

>> henry here got on the train with $200. he couldn't see any harm in a friendly game of cards, what if the other men were strangers. and take jill collins, he's got a nice wife at home, but he met this girl at the sidebar she looked, after the first couple of drinks. there's a good old fashion word for people like this, we call them suckers. and there are other people. people who stay up nights figuring out how to take away what they've got.

there are all kinds of games. he's got everything he's young, he's healthy, got a job. and he's got plenty of food, big factories to make things a man can use, big cities to use the business and people lots of people. enough to work the farm and build a the factoriries, dig the mines, run the business. all kinds of people. people from different countries with different religions, different colored skins. free people. they can live together and work together and build america together because they're free. free to vote, to say what they please, go to their own churches. to pick their own jobs.

yeah, mike's got something all right. he's got america. but there are guys who stay up nights figuring out how to take that away from him. >> i happen to know the facts. friends, i'm just an average american. i'm an american american and some of the things i see in this country make my blood boil. i see people with foreign money, i see negros holding jobs that belong to me. if we allow this to go on, what's going to become of us real americans. >> i've heard this talk before but i never expected to hear it in america. >> he seems to know what he's talking about. >> what are we real americans going to do about it? you'll find it in this pamphlet. the truth about the catholic

church. >> are you believing that kind of talk? >> i don't know. makes pretty good sense to me. >> i'll tell you friends we'll never be able to call this country our own until it's a country without what? >> without what? >> without knee any. s, without alien foreigners, without catholics, free masons. >> what's wrong with the masons? i'm a mason. that fellow is talking about me. >> and that makes a difference, doesn't it? >> these are your enemies, these are the people trying to take over the country. now you know them, you know what they stand for and it's up to you and me to fight them. fight them and destroy them before they destroy us. thank you. before he said masons, you were ready to agree with him? >> yes, but he was talking

about -- what about those other people? >> in this country we have no other people. we are american people. >> what about you, you aren't american are you? >> i was born in hungry, now i'm an american citizen. i have seen what this kind of talk can do, i saw it in berlin. >> what were you doing there? >> i was a professor at the university. i heard the same words we have heard today. but i was a fool then. i thought nazis were crazy people, stupid fanatics, but unfortunately it was not so. they knew they were not strong enough to concur a unified country so they split germany into small groups. of course, that was not easy to do. they had to work hard to do it. you see, we human beings are not born with prejudices. always they are made for us,

made by someone who wants something. remember that next time you hear this kind of talk. somebody is going to get something out of it, and it isn't going to be you. this is not classroom theory. i saw it happen. i saw it first in berlin in 1932. five young men they knew were standing in the crowd listening to the nazi speaker. eric was a catholic. an tell me, a jew. karl was a farmer, and hans was an unemployed metal worker. >> i say it's time that you inherit the nation which rightfully belongs to you. to you alone belongs to the destiny of germany. nazi party provides land for the

farmer and profits for the small business partner. who is getting these things now? the jew who has stolen our nation and birthright who takes our money. the jew he must be shunned,os tri sized, he limb namust be eliminated. and the catholics, we know what to do with these people when the time comes. they and their faith must be destroyed. then there are a t free masons. we have no place for secret societies in germany. there is one society and that is the nazi party. there's no sek kre si about that. one by one he attacked each minority and split them off, these men were all fellow germans when they came here today, now they were split in

rival groups, suspicious of each other, hating each other. they were being swindled, all of them. but the man who was really being fooled was hans, he was pure german according to nazi standards. to him they promised everything and he fell for it. that's how he became a superman. they gave him a uniform and pumped up his ego. he wasn't a little fellow off to work anymore. he was a member of the master race. hans and thousands of others like him all playing the sucker's game. they gambled with other people's liberty and, of course, lost their own. hitler needed these people. there was lots of work to be done. there were trade unions to be smashed because unions were organized and might offer

resistance. there were many political parties in germany. these the nazis destroyed. they were determined to smash every organization people might band together and resist them. there were jews to be beaten and killed. a nazi party member could not take over this man's store. hundreds of catholics were put in jail because the catholic church had strength and could resist the nazi drive for power. they split the nation into 100 pieces and one by one they had destroyed the pieces over these broken piece the nazis rode into power. one party, one nation, one religion. these men had won their struggle for power. they now ruled all of germany. still they had trouble with the oldest and most persistent

enemy, the truth. they found the truth does not die easily. and so they decided to abolish truth. one great source of truth is literature, so they burned books. 20 million of them. many great men in germany who were spokesmen for truth were jailed or driven from the country, teachers, writers, scientist. education was discouraged. in five years college attendance dropped 53%. it was forbidden to listen to a broish radio program or read an american newspaper. in nazi germany you had to get your information from dr. gesher he knew what was best for you. the church was one force in germy to proclaim the church in public. this catholic priest was arrested the following day on

charges of immortality. the pros stant church tried to fight. there were others who spoke for truth and i'm proud to say educators were among them. what is an area? i don't know myself. but let us see what our so-called authorities have to say about it. they say he is tall, slender, blue eyes, and blond. there is no air yan race. and more important, there is no master race. there are people who may find

these ideas convenient, but science cannot support. there is no scientific proof that there is any correlation between a man's racial characteristics and his native ability or character in all racial groups, we find the same range of potential. we find idiots and geniuses. we find criminals and philanthropists. we must judge each man as an individual and not by the color of his skin or his eyes. or by the length of his nose. come in, gentlemen. it's comfortable. and remember, that there is no

master race. that is a scientific truth. p anyone who tells you otherwise is lying. >> and so for all practical purposes, truth had been abolished in germany. a lot of my german friends wondered what had hit them, how did it happen? where did it start? it started right here. and this was where it could have been stopped. if those people had stood together. if they had protected each other, they could have resisted the nazi threat. together they would have been strong, but once they allowed themselves to be split apart, they were helpless. when the first minority lost out, everybody lost out. they made the mistake of gambling with other people's freedom. let's see how those bets paid

off. karl was gambling on a better life for himself. what he got was extra hours of back breaking work, as much as 100 hour weeks, he was told to stay on his land and produce what he was told to produce. for heinrich, the bet didn't pay off either. 104,000 small businesses were closed in two years. and for hans, he had a job now in the munitions factory but he worked long hours for little pay. the working conditions grew increasingly bad. and even though he didn't like the job, he wasn't permit today leave it. and when hit lerdeciler decidede was right germany went to war, not by declaring war but by a carefully prepared sneak attack.

once again hitler needed hans to do his dirty work. he was an expert by and hitler had decided to use his brutality against other people. but in the crucial test of war, hitler's race theory didn't pay off. his pure blooded supermen were defeated by the mongrel parties, by the british, by the russians , then on d day by american solders of every color and religi religion. who drove through to the heart

of germany. for the misguided germans who had swallowed the nazi bait, it did not pay off. the area was strewn with nazi bodies. karl was left outside the snow of moscow. heinrich stayed in italy. and hans got only a little patch of normandy that he could call his own. >> you must never let that happen to us or our country. we must never be divided by race or color or religion. i was born in hungry, you are a mason and these are minorities. you are a farmer, you go to the methodist church. y your right to belong is a precious thing. you have a right to be what you

are and say what you think because here we have personal freedom, liberty and these are not just fancy words. this is a practical and priceless way of living, but we must work at it. we must guard everyone's liberty or lose our own. if we allow anyone to loose ther freedom by persecution we risk losing our own. here in america it's not the question whether he tolerate minorities, america is minorities, that means you and me. so let's not be suckers. we must not allow the freedom or dignity of any men to be threatened by any act or word. let's be sell fifish about it.

let's forget about we and they. let's think about us. ♪ >> "don't be a sucker" airs next week on american history tv's reel america here on cspan 3. american history tv continues tonight in prime time with recent civil war conference. tonight programs from day three of the gettysburg college civil war institute conference including discussions on union general george g. mead and the experiences of escaped union prisoners of war. it begins at 8:00 p.m. eastern. coming up this weekends on

cspan 3. statd at 10:00 p.m. eastern, the 1944 u.s. office of war film, "why we fight, the battle of china". >> three facts must never be forgotten, china is history, china is land, china is people. on sunday at 11:30 a.m. eastern author robert right on alexander hamilton's views of the national debt. >> hamilton described the creation of an efficient government one that did one thing well for as little money as possible sbp that one thing was to protect american's lives, liberty and property from tyrants foreign and domestic. >> at 7:00 p.m. eastern new jersey residents and activists

discuss the 1967 newark rebellion. >> zero snipers were ever found. no evidence of any snipers. no gun shells other than police, no footprints, fringno finger f nothing was found yet 26 people were killed all by the three police officers operating. american history tv all weekend every weekend only on cspan 3. cspan's coverage of the solar eclipse begins on monday live in greenbelt, maryland. we have a nasa space scientists and the chief scientist at

goddard. we join nasa tv at noon as they provide live vuz of the shadow passing over america. live all day coverage of the so lar eclipse on monday starting at 7:00 a.m. eastern on cspan and cspan organize. listen live on the free cspan radio ap. we'll look at preparations saturday for the first solar eclipse in 100 years. beginning at noon eastern on cspan. next confederate general robert e. lee's strategy and leadership on the battlefield. martin myers spoke at the gettysburg college civil war institute summer conference. th