p.m., the budget is something for them to handle and will look at polls for the federal budget. and friday, a profile interview with agriculture secretary. >> my political history was, i tell people when i was born in 1946 in georgia, they stamp democrat on your birth certificate. i made a political decision and i call it choose an advertisement in 1990 eight to change parties and became a republican at that point in time. withllowed at 8:30 p.m. jeff moss. >> there were no jobs in inflation security for any of us. willeople doing security able in the military and maybe banks. this was really a hobby. as the internet grew and there were jobs and people were putting things online and there was money at risk, all the sudden people got jobs doing security. c-span and c-span.org, and listen using the free c-span app.

this year marks the 50th anniversary of what some call the new work rebellion. activistnel of discussed the impact of those right and how they changed the african-american city. this hour-long discussion was posted by the smithsonian is he him of african american history and culture. panel is entitled newark rebuilt and reimagined. welcome theasure to and star of the panel of the he is a winner association award for best column and co-editor of the bullets winning investigation of

the resignation of james mcgreevey. both the author of nonfiction and fiction works else around the life and literature and journalism of existing in new jersey. he is also a professor at rutgers school of journalism. judge claude coleman who was a on-duty policeman the night the rebellion began. that since become a leader in the community. native and is a graduate of princeton university who became the youngest person elected to the school board at age 17. theing him will be headmaster of the benedict prep school.

he has been educating young men in downtown for the past 40 years. finally on this panel is a woman and now isew jersey the executive director of the provincial foundation. they are a founding donor of this museum and a sponsor of the grand opening event. these join me in welcoming this panel. [applause] >> no pressure, here.

here we go. ok, i am mark. i am a columnist at the star ledger. everyone else has been introduced. if i could put on my reporter half as the moderator of this panel and begin to ask questions. we are going to start with recollections and i would like to begin with larry. who was 13 years old at the time of the rebellion. fromved two blocks away the fires on springfield avenue. you want my lb geno side. not my robert de niro side.

[laughter] go ahead. of july 12he evening , i was across the street at a friends house. there it goes. thank you. 1967e evening of july 12, i was 13 years old across the street from where i lived at my friends house. ran upstairs and saw that springfield avenue was on fire. we all started running downstairs and we were going to see what was going on. my mother was across the street and she was on the porch and she said you are not going to springfield avenue. she probably saved my life that

night. porch isecond floor unfoldee the rebellion that night. i am sure the previous panel talked about the details of how it happened and everything. towas not confined just springfield avenue that went into the neighborhoods that went from 16th avenue that was a commercial strip. we know what went on at that time. you would have asked me in the green room if i did have any fear, i did not have fear the first night. maybe even the second night. i did not have fear until i saw the army. there was the national guard but i did not know there was a difference is the national guard and the army. i saw these military vehicles coming up with soldiers and jeeps as well as half tracks.

i have never seen a tank in my life until the rebellion of 1967. we were under military occupation. the governor had declared a state of emergency with martial law. we could not leave our house. door-to-doornt searching for contraband. when they finally allowed us to leave they set up a checkpoint on 16th avenue. cars were searched going in. makes mee things that when i think back and going to do shopping about one week later. there was the smell of burning buildings you cannot take a step down without feel like glass crunch. we willt at that moment not have school and september. [laughter] that is what i thought.

i was going to start as a freshman. was how resilient people were. as catastrophic and is cataclysmic as that event was. for thingstake long to return to normal. school did start on time. there was this spirit of rebellion that came out of that moment. it affected the young people. in my first sit protesting and that is where i met the mayor. literally two months after i met the mayor at the age of 17 i was appointed to the board of education becoming the youngest school board number in the history of the united states of america.

there is a straight line -- [applause] there is a straight line for me from the rebellion to where we are today. >> thank you. judge, you were on the bad side of it. you are a 27-year-old patrolman. talk a little bit about that resilience that you saw not only in the community but also as we talked about in the green room once the smoke cleared how difficult it was to keep people in the city. judge: before the smoke began i i was a police officer at the time. bill that would allow police to move wherever

they wanted before that. time i have been working to get policeman to stay in the city. with my career as a law enforcement officer and as a judge i have tried to live a life that would inspire others to live in the city. i felt that it was our city. we had finally gotten control of it. we spoke to other people to stay in the city and to run the city. i try to live my life in a way that would inspire others as a role model. excuse me, i am sorry. live asd i would try to a way to inspire people. i thought everybody should live there. should all live here, and

those who did not should move. that is exactly what the city needed. the middle-class blacks and whites live there. the right just confirmed that. ofer that there was a lot groups in new jersey. it as a way to try to do some of those things to help the city and attract people to it. relationshiphe that it had developed. it had become a very dangerous place to live. everyone thought that before the riots, there was no doubt.

people thought it was a unsafe toys to live and they did not want to live there. themempted to convince otherwise. wife did not want .o leave >> in 1966 she was living in east orange at the time. it did not want to move or my response to her was you not know what it is about. i convinced her to move to the city. we eventually moved on to chancellor avenue. both of my kids were born and raised there. to move in ang minute when we have a very interesting perspective of being a child growing up before that i

want to talk to father and. in the monastery there. that he was going to return to saint an addict. the rebellion did not give him any pause at all. came back without hesitation, can you talk a little bit about that. story of >> i got sent their by my parents. i got off of the train in woodbridge and i was supposed to find it. [laughter]

i was the oldest in my family. it and by day to i could take everybody where i was. i knew that i was home. i had no idea why. i knew i was home. adopted and raised by the community of newark. ofas happy to get out morristown. the rebellion did not deter me. i ran down south orange avenue. >> we want to get back to you

after we talk about her experience. we went to talk about the education of the rebellion for the next generation rate can you get your thoughts together on that? about how little bit as a kid or seven years after the rebellion. divorces, but two i still know how to talk to women. [laughter] the problem is i do not listen. you look much younger than that. >> talk about that. city was so of the connected to the rebellion even

for someone like you who was born seven years after. absolutely. well i had a awareness growing up in the city in the late 70's and 80's. often.not talked about i think the cultural norms that were developed during that time good or bad there was some understanding of the history of that time. things that i think was interesting growing up in the city is that there was a clear awareness that there was something negative associated like growing up outside of the city. there was this stigma that people would ask where you are from.

that was throughout the state. i think that is what it did. it created a really nurturing cocoon. it created a nature of resilience for people that was really a environment where you would thrive. thinking about memories of that time there was a really strong sense of community. a celebration of culture and art. a real sense of celebrating your identity. as a person of color and is a african american. school which was established a few years after the rebellion. nurtured in this sense of self. you could be anything you wanted to be. there was a level of responsibility for those who did have the ability to take

advantage of opportunities. that required coming back to the community to give back and to continue to help the community grow and thrive. i think it is interesting, there are a number of leaders with the next generation that were nurtured. commitment or sense of responsibility. spousesany of our talked about that with that quintessential characteristic of being committed to the city. i've been dedicated to give back, that was something that was really nurtured at a young age. to making surese we supported that next generation and continued to move forward. segue intoa perfect saint benedict we talked about

that in the green room as well. rebellion the school became predominantly african american. staff have a agenda there. to do very much what she just said. can you talk about that? father ed: i was told to tell the story anytime im in front of anybody. shecan market down as speaks as i am sure she does every night. she can report that i did this. saint benedict closed in 1917 to

-- 1972. everybody in the monastery was white, that is not the case now. students inber of the school increase the standards were dropping. it created a huge problem in our monastery. we wound up closing it. 14 people from the monastery left and they went to martin county. we were left trying to decide what to do and we decided that we would try to do a educational venture. it was never our intention to reopen the school. we created this venture that was a new logo and we were trying to play off of saint benedict. it was not going to be the old school.

one man said i want to ask you how come it was written as saint benedict prep, now it is no longer that? there was no reasonable answer. the next morning it was reopened. not by me or by anybody but by carl. the african-american community after the rebellion reopened saint benedict prep. they say yougroups have to shut up and listen. up and find out accompany people through life. that is what we are trained to do with teenagers.

lose their life if they are young. have tried to do that for 45 years to help them discover their or amplify their voice. sense -- most people feel if they are not heard any larger society. make arguments and wayt for things and that they feel like they really do influence people and they can change minds. that is what we are trying to do. >> i just want to introduce you, i was coming to you right now. i was going to say very few

people have gathered those voices together in great number over a long. of time. pick the ball up and keep going. sayy: i just wanted to people talk about a stigma. i have never felt stigmatized. i have never felt stigmatized about being in the city and i have never felt stigmatized about the rebellion. i have always been proud to say i am from the city. it is a great city. we fight back. [applause] ashamed ier been guess it is a you are speaking to but i think it is important do discuss this history. when the popular narrative is

given out most of the time and justifiably so people talk about my mother came and the civil rights contribution. most of his activity was primarily in the south. with a few exceptions. whole other side of the narrative in the 1960's that is not told. that is up the rebellion. it was not one or two, it was not just new jersey and detroit. and 1968 there were nearly 400 rebellions in the country. 1971 there were over 1000 urban uprisings in united states of america. aberrations, they historic struggle

for freedom and justice. just because it took a different form from the nonviolent protests of the south does not mean that they were any less legitimate. they were a legitimate expression of our desire and self-determination. [applause] we were in a apartheid city, i remember segregated movie theaters. i remember when black people could not eat. i remember when a black man could not buy a hat. i am old enough to remember when people did not come downtown. we were not welcome downtown. i can remember when the only job get was at first national. it was either the janitor or a getcleaning made. we could not be bank tellers we

had to struggle against that. that uprising in 1967 was predictable. many people knew it was coming, it was not even the first. every major city in new jersey had a appraising and i tell you and cause ofdition those uprisings in 1967 are still existing. [applause] towe do not do something change the situation there will be more rebellions in united states of america like ferguson and baltimore. larry, you're a member would you cannot be on the front page? >> the question is -- [laughter] i have forgotten now too. how have youis

gathered those voices together and move your social agenda people were engaged to some extent but had given up on the city in another sense. people have never stopped struggling. i think this was touch on the previous panel. people were struggling before 1967. many people do not know that one of the first civil rights demonstrations that ice in the 1960's was at the white castle on hawthorne avenue. sell black people hamburgers but they would not hire black people. that were organizations were created. i am sure it you talked about a number of organizations that were struggling before 1967 and

through 1967. a number of organizations have continued since then. my organization is just one of them. we are a product of the uprising of 1967. our organization is 34 years old. 33 of those 34 years old we have commemoration for the uprising even before they put a monument up in 1997. people struggled because they had to. struggle because it is a cool thing to do. people struggle because they are unemployed, they struggle because their rent is too high. they struggle because this school is substandard. as long as those conditions exist people will struggle. andnizations like ours

those that you belong to any audience we facilitate and bring people together so that we can continue. i will say this, one of the biggest mistakes that we made ther 1967 was that we took struggle out of the street. we have to push back in the street. movement of mass organization more today than ever before. >> judge, we talked to you before and you were a very integral part of the new african-american leadership after the rebellion. we had some very interesting discussions about the politics

and the city coming andr black leadership opportunities gained and lost because of that. would you elaborate on that for us please? i will. it's my belief that it's a constant struggle and it's never over. after the riots and even after some negotiation had been done, the conditions that were the catalyst for the riots themselves, there was still a lot more to do. and i think a lot of it depends have. leadership that you i've seen a lot of cities in my life, and i've been around a lot ofbut i've seen a cities overcome these struggles, when it wasn't just caused by racism. it was caused by other things. butthey had problems,

they've all overcome them. like the city of pittsburgh, overcame the closing of the bills. through leadership, they a high-tech society. it still turned into a tourist had beerere they places, you could buy a beer, play games. they attracted an audience there. we didn't see that happen in newark. now, the struggle has been going on, and you've been struggling for quite some time. ed, he's doing -- by the way, i'm a proud member of board.ed's father ed has been struggling for quite some time too. you maketruggle depends sometimes too on the political conditions that are there and how those struggles are really realized. and sometimes the political leadership is just not there to that. when you are involved in newark, of you can back me up on this, it's difficult to get

to help.o do anything we can't get the suburban communities to help us with the school system. to pay taxesnt being given to newark students. newark students require more money. if you're another student, you're perhaps spending $10,000 per student. newark, you're spending $13,000 per student. you need more money there, you have more needy students there. so to get people to contribute to get developers to relocate to your town that's going to jobs, that's going to create an environment that will be flourishing, you have to be people.attract these and to me, it just hasn't been there. lucky, i think, some of the administrations, i well.they're doing very i don't want to say anything about the ones that are here or are there.at but in the past, they have not been that successful at that.

so when developers or when persons outside your town view they'retively, and already viewing newark negatively, and when they view a negative way, it's hard to attract people in your town, to put the money there, to shop town, to buy homes in your town, when the school as good as they ought to be. when they're afraid of the afraid ofen they're the other conditions in the city, it's just hard to do that. i said leadership is a big part of that. you're not just -- larry just a vacuum.erate in peopledependent on the around you to help you and to help make conditions better. has not been that there. that ise of the things so integral to the health and of thetinued success city are those institutions that

don't leave. and, you know, our hosts host is-- our prudential. talk to shanai a little bit about the prudential legacy and have the other members of the panel chime in as they see fit. talk a little bit view of prudential's continued success of the city. and especially -- i know you're this, but its role while the city was on life support. >> so i'll start with the personal, and i'll talk about it personal reflection. so i started with prudential 13 ago, as a program officer for their education program. thing that the one

strikes you, i think, as a lifelong newark resident, coming to an institution like realizeal is i didn't as a resident how much of my investmentsched by that were made by this company, in a very quiet way. of the ongoing challenges is that it is a company that authentically believes in doing the work and to really worrying about how communicate or shout the accomplishments of the organization. so like many other residents, i didn't realize the reach and the impact that the company had in the city. throughout its tenure there. and, you know, in the opening remarks, we talked about the pivotal decision that prudential stay, when there were a lot of businesses and industries

that left the city. and i think that what occurred was a reallyision kind of focused doubling down on will take to make sure that the city was able to rebuild. but with the lens that residents would benefit from that growth and rebuilding. and, you know, that's what happened. after theshortly rebellion, there was the formal prudentialnt of the foundation, our impact investing date haswhich to invested over $800 million in the city, since the formal programs were established. so there's a real financial commitment there. i think what makes prudential unique is that it's not money alone. so a lot of people can throw money at a problem or write a check. but it's the values that

along with a broader set of philanthropic members of the community -- you know, you have the victoria foundation, which is the family foundation insurance company. they took a similar point of similar orientation that they were going to double down and commit to this city. an active member of the community, understanding that we're just one stakeholder and that it requires a broad set of civic leaders really to create change and come up with the solutions that are required, it's something that has been very intentional. reflects from the leadership, from the top. it's reflected in how we built our team. that weapproach continue to make in this community. a judge, you were telling good, funny story back there director --s police >> yeah. criticized to get

because you'd send a car around pru doubleheader at quit -- prudential at quitting time. >> it's between the neighborhood downtown. so every time i would talk to a group in the neighborhood, they want the same protection that you give them downtown! prudential.e like why don't you take care of us like you take care of prudential? them, i don'tto think the citizens of newark -- verydid not realize how important prudential was to the city of newark. i would try to explain to them us toportant it was for take care of the city of newark -- i mean the city of prudential rather. but more than that, the they were that being -- the security that they was being afforded paid for by prudential, so we wasn't paying for that at all. officerspolice standing outside their windows. they had police officers driving

theirbuses, picking up employees down at penn station, that. didn't stay for that was being paid for by prudential. realize howou don't important prudential is. best corporate citizens, i think, that a city could have. every aspectved in of newark. they really are. [applause] >> one of the things i want to build on, judge coleman, about that, take public safety as an example. so, yes, you know, as a company, do provide private security and are actively engaged in sure that not just our footprint is safe but the surrounding area. the things in terms of the power of how, you know, bring a broad set of stakeholders together and possibility is the safer newarkhe

council, which was done in collaboration with anchor institutions and civic leaders, under the leader of mayor baraka. this was the idea. how do we bring everyone together in a room? including our public safety executives, and really figure out a comprehensive way to deal public safety, or the perception of challenges of community?ty in this and that genesis has really a very data-driven approach to looking at holistically where we are as a city. aligning resources that deal with violence in communities. isa big part of our approach really, how do we look at the full capabilities of the company? leveraging, you know, even things beyond corporate responsibility like our private

security and our global security so that they're at the table providing solutions that benefit the community. so that's a model. in every facet, i think it's important to reinforce that, you know, the orientation of being a of the community, a stakeholderis one but requires everyone to be engaged, it's important to of work.h that type >> thank you, shanai. >> a moment ago, you referred to member of the "power group" because i had achieved certain positions within the city of newark and in my lifetime. but i'd like to remind you, just talked about with larry, the struggle still continues. being a member of the power group didn't stop me from getting arrested in 1993. for shoplifting. >> ha ha! >> you know, so that didn't stop me at all. >> of course, you were innocent. i was totally innocent. laugh laug[laughter]

>> father ed, get me out of this. [laughter] >> no. institutions an that refuses to leave, that has tremendous resilience, about thetle bit st. benedict -- the way that you and the other monks dug in, in post-rebellion years, and really became determined to keep up and turnon level thathe kind of young men you knew were going to be central to the survival of the city. >> interesting way to describe it, mark. we had desired to just live there, that's all. we decided to get out of the way of the young men.

so we try not to do anything for teenage young men that teenage men can do for themselves. and so our responsibility is to structures that allow the schoold, to run day by day, and to just prevent them from making decisions that have lifelong damaging effects on them. but anything short of that, whatever mistakes they make, we can debrief. and then ask the question, what been a better way to go about this, to address this or to go about seeking a solution here? so really our task as adults is to collect enough adults who are like-minded and kind of and then stay, out of the way of kids. most of our problems in because it's all run from the top down, with adults making all the decisions. and so the kids get very limited

experience. then our problem is, when they graduate, even from our schools,h-performing the young men have a very difficult time getting degrees. it,till have a problem with with young men of color getting degrees, finishing college. high-performing schools. they all can get admitted, because it's not hard to get admitted to college. if you're judging schools, don't ever make the decision -- don't ask the question, what your guys go to college? it's a bad question. 98.6 bodye a temperature, we can get you into college. [laughter] >> so be quiet, because young men are disappearing in college in this country. fill most universities in this country with qualified women. women are getting rejected to take less qualified population the male numbers reasonable. so it's not hard to get young men into college. a whole different story getting them out on the other end. and the way --

[applause] >> the way i believe you can get ism out on the other end when they're young teenagers, give them responsibility, let run have a voice, let them the thing. and deal with their mistakes so that they have the confidence compete with anybody. with anybody. you're up matter what against. if you get knocked down, if you get up one more time than you've been knocked down, then you're right. one more problem -- i'm going to start getting here like larry now. we faceur problems that is that when we created now this multiplicity of schools in newark, but the competition between some of our high-performing charter schools is such that the kids get short-circuited, because the adults are interested in high performance, right? interested necessarily in high performance. i'm interested in resiliency so

fight when your performance isn't as high as it's supposed to be. thethat takes letting kids -- stay out of the way of the kids. toy have a sense of how accomplish things. ate been amazed all the time what they can do. but you have to have a system that allows that to happen in everyday. in the everyday. of the panel here and r rk rebuilt reimagined. i'm going to ask the panelists if they could reimagine newark, wave a magic wand and reimagine the city to their do?ng, what would they and i'm going to start. oneeimagined newark is where the guns are off the streets.

that this federal government and this congress finally decides to look at urban violence as a national health epidemic and to control the amount of guns that come from of states that, you .45 in a can get a cracker jack box. and next week is the 10th mount vernonf the school yard shootings. and that was supposed to be the cataclysmic event that galvanized the city against street violence. youit's impossible when have the access to guns and you do in easily as our country. and so that would be my reimagined newark. that would be my magic wand. you know, get the guns off the

streets. get the government to finally second amendment. that's what it was designed to do, which is have states be able the federal government, not to allow me to have a bazooka in my garage. so that's my two cents. larry, how about you? what's your rebuilt and reimagined newark? i could solve a i think i would aim first at the economic the economicse issues really underlie the other issues. underlies the violence. educational the system. it underlies the condition of people's health. right now, newark -- over half

lives at or below poverty level. we have an astronomical rate of unemployment. to examine the demographic of black men, say, have18 to 35, we unemployment rates of 50% and 60%. but this is not just newark. this is every urban community across this country. be amazed at how statistics are the size oftor in population, how consistent it is across the nation. so if i was to do something, the thing i would do would be do what fdr did in a national jobs program, to put people back to at jobs at a living wage. not a minimum wage.

pay rent with $7.25 an hour! at can't feed your children $7.25. raising the minimum $15.to but that ain't enough. you need a living wage. you work 40 hours a week. make enough to support you and your family. that's where i would begin, to andto eliminate the poverty eliminate the unemployment. those two, theed crime levels would drop immediately. we haven't had, in this country, a national urban policy for almost half a century. the cities were abandoned with richard nixon, and they've been abandoned ever since. we really can't go forward iness we do something to put place a federal government that wants to see our cities

revitalized and thrive. so that's my two cents. >> so i'm not going to repeat what larry just said. on that, i would look forward to the day when introduced to be their teachers by their fathers. [applause] >> well, this is a hard act to follow. [laughter] >> but, you know, i would say are, as a community, reimagining ourselves. and i would like us to stay the course. i think that the way community are working and creating tables that allow empowered, to contribute good ideas and exciting. is really and i think if i would wish

moreing, it's just resources to fill that energy, to keep that momentum going. there are really exciting things happening in this city, and it's done with the point of view and that is structured around making sure residents this opportunity. so we just need to stay the course. the road isw, while long and it's difficult, it's a map that is starting to take momentum and take place. so we're reimagining ourselves, and we just need the support and continue tont to keep that momentum going. >> judge? with you, shanai. i think that's what we need to do. we're ever going to eliminate guns. we're not gonna eliminate poverty. and maybe we'll get around to having a father introduce his son. that's possible. but i think what could be done

is that we stay the course. we could appoint school and schoolors superintendents and give them the resources and the power to do what they feel is necessary do, and give them the time to do the job. lot of people in newark, we've been changing school superintendents every two or three years. give a superintendent time to stay there, to change the system around. we know the system is broken. it needs to be fixed. we expect someone to fix it in a or two? that's not gonna happen. i think in order to solve the problem, we need to do the same thing with the police superintendent. give them the power and resources to do that. i think we could -- in order to the crime, it hasn't been so unsuccessful in a lot of the larger cities. new york seems to be doing pretty well with it, california. cities, theother larger cities. what they have done, they have hired a number of police

officers. don't have to keep these police officers for 20 years, if you can hire them. retirement rate will take care of itself within three, four years. of newark could hire 500 police officers this year, letthem on the streets, them go to work. and they wouldn't hire any police officers for the next two three years or the next four years, but those police officers out there now would be a reminder to the people that you're serious about reducing crime. perhaps adopt some other strategies besides now.they do but there are a lot of things you can do. shanai here,ith that you give the people the resources and give them the authority to do what needs to be done and give them a chance to do that. good people to do the job, i think they can do the job. >> larry talked a little bit -- and we only have four minutes

left. getting my cue card. five minutes left. we talked a little bit about the new york real estate market and impacts newark and the potential that, you know, housing near the train lines can really, you know, shape the downtown. has never downtown really been a residential downtown. it's just not been. have those kinds of high-rises that people live in, places like jersey city. i've gone to brooklyn lately. god, what they're building there is unbelievable. it's another manhattan. look atnk that when we the downtown, we certainly see, enormous strides being halsey street, the new prudential tower.

the question is, how do you bring that energy and sense of ofnge and the great sense optimism to the neighborhoods? i think that is really the equation forof the any administration. thoughts onhave any that, in the final minutes? >> well, i think this is one of the challenges. i want to end on a positive note. newark is a great city. has a great future. [applause] talkcause we are gonna ourselves noose a depression right here. [laughter] >> it's a great city. it's a great future. it's not going anywhere. hub.k is a transportation it's a college town now. majorst five universities. we're seeing dynamic development the new jersey prudential arena, thethe new pa panasonic and

new prudential headquarters. that's great. we want that. progressso want to see in the neighborhoods. we want to see development in the neighborhoods. we want to see new housing in the neighborhoods. my street, you know, this is the the anniversary of rebellion. so, you know, i guess every 50 years, people will come to me newark.me about ha ha! so i took people to my street, where i grew up. south 12th street, between 16th and 18th avenue. street is any today.symbol of newark my house is gone. a weed overgrown vacant lawn where my house and about 10 were.houses after the rebellion of 1968 -- of 1967, a new housing project was built adjacent to my house. that housing project is

abandoned and boarded up. and see it.here but across the street is a brand-new housing project that's nice, i want to live there! but i think my income is too high. on one street, literally, the streets,blocks, same the k on one side, development on the other. is -- decay on one side, development on the other. and this is what's going on in areas, arban simultaneously side by side dynamic of decay and development. have to keep pushing. newark is on an upward trajectory. it's slow. but we've turned the corner. it's not the newark of 1967. but we can go forward. but i'm telling you, we can only go so far. i know i'm taking up too much time. atcan only go so far just the month level. in -- at the municipal level. in newark city, we have a light rail. the city subway was built in

1938. was a wpa project, where that used to be a canal. they put thousands of people to canal, to laythat the foundation, to put the tracks down. that subway has run nonstop since 1938! wpa. fdr put three million people work within 36 months. that's what people need now. they need jobs. living wage. we want to see our downtown thrive. want to be partners with our corporate community. but we want the people to have a better life too. [applause] >> thank you all very much for your attention. we are wrapping up here. we're on a tight schedule. so i appreciate your interest.

judge, shanai, father ed and larry for your participation. [applause] >> and mark, thanks to you as facilitating such an interesting conversation. americansted in history t.v.? visit our website, c-span.org/history. view our t.v. schedule, preview upcoming programs and lectures, museum tours, archival films and more. t.v.can history at c-span.org/history. next on history bookshelf, author norman ross talks about book, "19 weeks, american summer and the faithful of 1940". he describes the time between during sent of 1940 which british forces barely escaped from the beaches -- after americans decided how

to respond to the war waging in europe. this was in new york city in 2003. it is about 40 minutes. barbara: good evening. we are so pleased to have a visitor from london with us tonight whom we have been anticipating with a lot of love because he has a connection to the english-speaking union that goes way back to rid norman moss is an englishman but did live in the united states for his formative years. and he, during those years that he was in new york, he was a hat check person at the old english speaking union. down oth