question for peter. are there any historical resources on those who died and detroit? >> there is one in particular. the detroit free press -- you can be featured in our next program by joining the conversation on facebook did as well as joining the conversation on twitter. next on the civil war, different aspects. about the background of some of the color guard monuments and the soldiers after the fighting. this talk was posted by the gettysburg heritage center. >> good afternoon everyone. welcome to the gettysburg center.

the president of this fine organization. we are very blessed to be in a community where we have a lot of educated individuals who know a lot about the battle at gettysburg. our first speaker for the day is a battlefield guide. he is one of those folks with a wealth of knowledge. he is a co-author of the book top 10 at gettysburg. guide heretlefield at the park and has been one since 2004. he has conducted hundreds of doers for all kinds of visitors. from across the states. he has done anniversary battle walks for the gettysburg national park as well as the gettysburg foundation. some of his topics are varied and will range from artillery

action to the first minnesota to the second massachusetts. war twoeveloped world to ours at the cemetery which were conducted for the national historian site. conducting but stewards across the 10 day campaign. he resides in new jersey with his wife and dog. youuld like to present to ralph. [applause] >> good evening everybody. it looks like everything is working.

this is my first time ever doing a book reading. this is the first time i have ever been in a book. this is my book. i ignore the other seven names on the front. for the people who know him he is a superior court judge. i am one of seven authors. this is the same the top 10 spots of gettysburg. i will read one of the chapters that i contributed. i contributed five chapters. i will read from it. isselection for the first very particular to the heritage

center. concern theill canada that is in front of the heritage center. many people walk past that and have seen for years and have all different theories and by a show of hands how many people know what that is? you will want to raise her hands when we are done here. the top 10 rare candid on unique exhibits in the park. susceptibleecially to disputes because the number one gone on this list is not even located in gettysburg. it is on exhibit in front of the heritage center. that has been there for a generation or more. it is not at risk of being moved it is also at a

location while it is private andty it has maintained open for 24 hours per day. that makes it more accessible parksny other gun in the hours. you can go up to this at 3:00 a.m. this tells a great story which is overall the weight of this entire exercise. this rare piece is mounted as a attraction for the heritage center. pound gun. to the casual eye it has the shape and appearance of a napoleon that has been made out of iron instead of bronze. areases a six pound shell the heritage center often allows

reenactors to the museum which draws people. are are worried that they part of 19th-century artillery. this one is surrounded i made the it is the most misinterpreted on the top 10 list. it has been called the iron napoleon vote" because of the shape the gun has. it is sometimes said to be a confederate gun. ironwould make them out of towards the end of the war. it also recalls a lovely and did an gettysburg when it was full of reenactor camp sites. me, camouflaged his someone of nos

less stature than the general trade he was camped nearby and on this particular evening he was smoking a cigar while leaning against the barrel of the gun. up andhor stepped inquired is this a real gun? the general with pride in his expertise cap the barrel and patiently answered me know. the other inquired further. how do you know? the esteemed general looked at me and replied trust me. trust me indeed. of course there are two important points the general is quite right. even some beginners have learned that real guns have markings engraved on the muzzle which

serial number and the manufacturer. this gun has none of these required markings. never delivered to the war department for serving in the civil war. the general was right it is not a civil war done. unfortunately for the general it is quite real. it is a prewar prototype. the markings do not appear on the muzzle but on those round posts recruiting sideways from the two on which it is noted in the carriage. in the case of this particular gun it has been painted so many times that the markings are very -- nearly discernible in the daylight. i am happy to report that information is now inaccurate because they have cleaned it up. still read the book though.

is thato the ministry the gun is misspelled. gun is the brainchild of a competing and company who would go on to invent a port-au-prince rifle which is sometimes referred to as the same name. there in lies a tale. this is one that requires thetary prestige as well as first steam powered warship in the navy. the first one was built in philadelphia in 1832 red the legendary swedish designer who would develop the ironclad. the original princeton named

after the battle not the town or the college. it was launched with much fanfare in 1843. the pride of the princeton for a pair ofdesign was candidates with technology. it was one of two largest guns in the world. pound shell about five miles. one of these guns nicknamed the peacemaker was signed by the captain of the ship. on february 28 1844 it set sail from alexandria on a demonstration for 350 vip yes. with the gun present eight

socialite and several poetry officers. also on board was a new york girlfriend who caught the presidents ivory after observing the peacemaker as it fired a demonstration shot the captain called everyone to the deck to observe one final salvo. dignitaries were afforded this big moment. as the powder charge went off it blew it to pieces killing eight of the witnesses. also among the dead was her father. she faded into the arms of the president who carried her away

and married her for months later. expected their guns to be the envy of the modern world. not the horror of it. the war department made frantic appeals to devise methods to produce a better gun prototype. one of these collaborations with occur between the and company in pennsylvania and the much located inpany lancaster county. griffin was heating hot iron bars and intertwining them. the president would name him as

his main armament designer. employed his technique for the construction of a field gun which became known as the griffin gun. he patented the technique on the one day the patent office was closed. 25thtmas day december 1875. all of the guns merit -- bear that patent date including the one at that gettysburg museum. only three are known to survive. this one day to mounted on a irn and one of the pennsylvania state college. that is the only one sitting on a gun carriage. at half a ton it was a awfully

heavy to for delivering the shot. in terms of metallurgy this gun was a breakthrough. withuld later experiment raw iron sheets. thus he invented the ordinance rifle which was 200 pounds later than the gun and would fire a project out twice its size. therefore it never came out of the prototype stage. it is not known how this gun came to gettysburg. the property has changed and several times reopening in 2015. the current owners only note that it came with the property and they say they are keeping it there. -- i will all know

keep watching to make sure that thing is still there. ?oes anyone have any questions would like to read a couple of more. if i can. is the top 10 color bearers. know -- how do you pick one? according to markers and the battlefield. if there is something on the battlefield that is evident or connected it could be a monument or just a monument that is , that became them how i selected them.

the first one i want to talk about is the carolina monument. right in front of this position. here can seecomes this. other monument. which new jersey infantry is over by the barn. monument isarolina over in front of the artillery battery. it should be in front of this monument. when he readme what is in the book.

his name is daniel boone thomas. the carolinaory of infantry is enshrined in a marker placed tragically closed to hancock next avenue. men were able to do this or if they can charge you they would rather show they were north carolina's better than virginians. stunning to stand i this marker and look at by those guns only a few paces away to imagine the valor and sacrifice going to make such a charge. chart across that mount and go to those guns. i have done these -- deep

research into the charge many markers are in accurately place. as aimes this is expressed criticism. author do not intend this. it is a privilege to have all of even ifamatic memorials they require a gentle correction. a gentle correction comes at two points. first, it is too far south. closert hit the wall far to the bard and the position of the infantry whose members recounted the event when they capture that flight. second the marker implies the north carolina's got this close to the wall and no further. is private boone got

over the wall. parallel is without and is in the annals of the civil war. no single regiment lost more single men than this unit over the course of these three days in july. the 26th north carolina was the largest regiment in that army. in the horrific fighting note hewitt then 14 flankers fell as the regiment crossed the position of the brigade. flight ine killed a his hand was the beloved kernel who was only 21 years old and by the time the regiment lined up to join his attack hewitt than

230 reported for duty. flagergeant carried the before artillery fire brought him down. several more men picked up the flag and work it as they struggled over the fence with a hail of bullets. taking up the flag from a wounded officer. in a active in same courage he the slopeliantly up far in front of everybody else. ran close, it was a miracle they were not shot to pieces. as they rushed the wall the troops held their fire. struck by the spectacle of courage. what they could not know was running forward

completely alone. the regiment was not with them. no one was with them. they had outrun everybody else charging directly into the position all by themselves. hands anded up their said to come over. they stepped over the wall and were taken as prisoners their flight became a prize. camps was sent to a prison in a island off of the shore where some 2700 prisoners perished of disease and were buried. at the largest civil war cemetery in new jersey area it is a good story, isn't it? did i point that out.

we have time for another one? i love this one. there is no monument with the soldiers name. it was dedicated as a important spot, this is the 81st and so bring it regiment. isenter of a week deal, it almost dead middle in the field. is can see this monument, it not as unique as the fifth from new hampshire. it is what you are looking at. a lot of people do not even notice it. of james mckale. the 81st pennsylvania. all of you are going to go out and look for it, aren't you?

the 81st pennsylvania, there is no monument or marker that identifies him. at the dedication of the pennsylvania on you meant in 1889 they officer said it approximated the spot where their color behr went down. have known someone like james the 20-year-old irishman from philadelphia how do i say this charitably? he was a unredeemable slob area months of c can have a notorious effect on a person's hygiene for some of them being back on land right no improvements for their habits. he was dirty, his close were often soiled with shaggy red giving him this nickname.

always made sure he was hidden in the back. one may expect when the regiment was in camp nobody would share a tent with them. until it came time to fight. evaporated as the enemy would summon him to the center to lead a line. withs one among the men that in its bookable courage and ferocity. in the slaughter at fredericksburg he not only advanced the colors of the 81st pennsylvania but also during the withdrawal he picked up the flag of a sister regiment the fight on july 2 proved to be difficult as he prepared his brigade to slap into the georgia troops that had overrun the wheatfield.

lines form he moved to the center and unfurled the flag of the 81st pennsylvania regiment. this was to be his final battle. the regiment cleared the crest of the wheatfield. the confederate force came into view and they opened their with a shot through the heart. that is to of our 10 color bearers. i also wrote the chapter top 10 women of gettysburg, would you like one of those? if anyone has a question you do not have to wait to the end. i may read one or two. top 10 women of gettysburg. you would think a book written by seven men would overlook the

women but we have a dedication to our wives. i have to get through the day. bookilitary history written by a pack of men, not here. the cost serves a higher purpose for the story. women were excluded from all aspects of the military as they were with the aspects of society. it was this oppression that made a historic impact all the more extraordinary. feministandmarks of history have already taken place. the seneca falls convention had already happened at the time of the civil war. elizabeth blackwater -- blackwell had gotten a medical degree. all of these were just the first steps, the efforts would not be results until the 20th century

when the women of 1863 were expected to be content with a second-tier existence. many women in the aftermath of the battle of gettysburg refused to be discontented. had this shoveled the institution that would keep women in their place. thousands of wounded man owed their lives to the tenacity of these women. the number one woman on that list is lydia smith. listirst woman on the because she represents a entire group of unnamed women that are often overlooked. there are pratt have hundreds of these women who left into the middle of this terrific ordeal and thought the battle as christian soldiers. not taking lives but saving them.

the battle of gettysburg was a human catastrophe. a disaster on such a scale had never occurred to in previous major battles one of the armies would remain on the ground for some time. putting the troops to good use and bearing the dead setting up hospitals and cleaning up the place. now in this the most gruesome battle of the war both armies rapidly moved away. leaving behind 22,000 men too badly damaged to take care of themselves. every public building anything with a roof was packed wall-to-wall with them. thousands more wounded were left outside in the orchards and forms, today there are signs that the euphemistic label civil war hospital.

feminine -- famine and disease were rampant. was one of the many who procured a horse anyway that she could. one newspaper account has her spending all of her cash to rent a wagon and a horse from a neighbor. provide relief to these hospitals. at nightfall they would drive back into town and went up for one mile or more while the cooks of the christian commission and the sanitary commission worked overtime baking bread and frying pork. the wagons would be loaded with food and like us. go to theey would various hospitals. the women would spend the time feeding and caring for the men

-- they would resume their place on the resupply line. as resupply line. lydia smith showed no preference, union or confederate. the men were hurt, and it was her christian duty to help as many as she could. if it happened to be a johnny reb lying there, his stomach was just as empty, his life as valuable as billy yank lying nearby. the fact lydia smith was a black woman made no difference to her, and one expects no differences at all to the men she helped save. one account in a harrisburg newspaper identified this particular lidia smith as none other than lidia hamilton smith who was quite famous, having served for decades in lancaster and washington dc as housekeeper, hostess, and

possible romantic partner of thaddeus stevens. she is depicted in this role at the end of the 2012 film lincoln murkeson.ress apotha [indiscernible] so there is a picture from the movie of the address portraying lidia hamilton smith. we are not entirely positive this is our lidia smith. it was a new -- one newspaper clip, harrisburg, that said that is who she was. book, the closed my famous lidia hamilton did have gettysburg ties. she was born a mixed race child of an irish father near gettysburg where she belonged to a black barber -- worked for a

black barber named jacob smith. she moved with her sons to lancaster to work with that he is stevens. 1868,us died in 19 sit -- and he gave her a huge sum, $5,000, which she purchased his house in lancaster. her home and his form the core of a 10 acre historic complex. and i have this way of saying one more. it is a good one. and i will show you the pictures before i put it away. it is upside down. here we go. euphemia.

what a great name. euphemia goldsborough. i find her very interesting read my daughter has become a baltimorean. going to school at loyola. here is the statue in baltimore, a memorial to the confederate women, and the statue phase trigger to the women taking care of wounded confederate soldiers and prisoners. baltimore was a secessionist city with southern sympathizers. you may know the first union soldiers killed in the battle in the civil war were killed on press street in baltimore during -- pratt street in baltimore during riots, trying to prevent them from getting to washington. [indiscernible] the goldsborough -- effie

goldsborough. many women travel some distance to attend to the landscape of wounded at gettysburg, some with relief, some with themselves. confederate sympathizer from baltimore, which was full of secessionist sentiments. pro-submission -- the first union concept that's of the war the war ineaths in the pratt street riot. they had to cross across ideological boundaries to get to gettysburg. with thousands of wounded confederate, these prisoners had the fewest available surgeons. they would be on the lowest , andity for food, supplies treatment. this deprivation would continue in the prison camps leading to the appalling death camps at palmyra, court delaware and point lookout. of wounded confederate pow gave a remarkably detailed account in

1867 of his suffering at a prisoner hospital set up in one of the most iconic buildings, pennsylvania hall, the main building of gettysburg college. his document invites exceptional detail of the relief, spiritual and physical brought to them by like angels. one of the more famous of the wounded confederates was waller generalgrandson of mercer from the revolutionary war. his brother george patton was the grandfather of the famous world war ii general. patton was badly wounded in pickens charge. was not expected to survive the night unless someone propped him up to keep his lungs clear. goldsborough, half his size and weight, sat back to back so she could keep him vertical and breathing.

the relief was successful but temporary. patton died shortly thereafter. goldsborough stated two months according to her own letter book in which she kept a journal. she collected notes of appreciation from the men she cared for. she wrote with great affection about one texas veteran, who 13 1863.umber two months after the battle. would to god i would have saved you, but all is over. worldly sufferings are ended. if tears or love could have availed, i would not be left -- would not but to week by his gravesites. that is one of her letters. on her return to baltimore, she wrote a lengthy letter to sam's you musteassuring her not feel your son died in an

enemy's country with none to love or care for him. the whole brigade loved him as well as all came in contact with him. a comforting letter to another. eventually authorities began cracking down on confederate sympathizers in baltimore. arrested.e was her house was searched. her sympathy was used against her, and she was finished until virginia -- until the end of the war in virginia. time.k i have eaten up my look at that area now i know how long these things take. does anybody have a question? i will be outside with my friend joe and others to talk more about the book. thank you very much. [applause] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its

caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2017] weekend, 1: labor day at 8:00 p.m. eastern, fears of overpopulation. some of the issues talked about that birthday, pesticide, , runtion was a big one nonrenewable resources, oil and the super big one, the thing that overshadowed the first earth day was the prospect of global famine due to overpopulation of the earth. announcer 1: sunday on the presidency, the friendship between truman and hoover. >> it is easy to overlook the fact they had roots in arming communities. they had known economic hardship and self-reliance here they were transformed by world war i, and they live in the shadow of

franklin roosevelt. theuncer 1: and monday, 1967 detroit riot. >> we prefer to think about it as a rebellion, because the activism in that moment has long been predicted. people had been begging for some remedy for the housing discrimination, police brutality, economic discrimination. so that frustration cannot be understood as just chaotic and incoherent. it was a rebellion. announcer 1: three day labor day weekend c-span3. c-span, or history of full daily. in 1979, c-span was created as a public service by america's cable television companies and is brought to you today by your satellite provider.

announcer 2: next on the civil war, gettysburg natives who fought for the confederacy. he describes the lives of five men who moved south to virginia, joined local militias, and participated in the battle of gettysburg. this talk was hosted by the gettysburg heritage center. >> good evening, everyone. my name is tammy myers, i am president of the gettysburg heritage center, and i have drilled to have you here in attendance. this is our final presentation this evening, and we are fortunate to have tom mcmillan. a little bit about time, he is an author and historian. he is a little different from our previous presenters. he is not a licensed battlefield guide. he has an interesting day job. he is the vice president of communications for the stanley cup