lee's surrender. >> all the skirmishing day today, highbridge, all these dramatic fights up until the last morning, a breakout attempt at appomattox, they are full of high drama. and emotions are running very high. the union is out for blood. they sense that this is the end game. lee will not quit. long street also does not want to quit. but the army is crumbling around them. announcer: then at 8:00 p.m. on talking in history, about the coal miners strike and massacre. >> on the morning of april 20, 1914, it is questions of actually what happened to come up and there is an exchange of gunfire on both sides. and the national guard will attack the camp. by the end of the day, the national guard, in order to stop

the fighting, they decide to andkerosene on the 10ths -- on the tents and apply to a fire. served in the had continental congress, saw the articles of confederation were too weak to achieve centralized purposes and they wanted a stronger central government and a strong president elected by the people and insisted that we the people was a whole sovereign, not the parliament itself as in great britain. announcer: american history tv, all we can, every weekend, only on c-span3. usually things run smoothly, but every once in a while, federal reserve banks are pressed into action. for example, go back in time, back to 1992. ♪ is august, 1992.

the b-52s released "good stuff." in minneapolis, the mall of america opens for business with 300 stores. it is now the largish optimal in the country. -- largest shopping mall in the country. meanwhile, a hurricane is moving toward florida. >> we expect the storm will be here by early in the day on monday. >> monday, august 24, the storm hits with the full force, carrying winds that reach 160 miles per hour. local airports are shut down, most of the area is without power. in its wake, devastation that is nearly total. >> all my life savings. every money into the house. everything.

>> on tuesday, august 25, almost everyone needs food and emergency supplies, but most stores are shut down. >> we are selling generators, chainsaws, gas and oil. >> the only people selling things come from out of town. they will not accept checks or credit cards. there is a huge demand for cash and local banks are running short. that triggers emergency action by the miami branch of the federal reserve. the miami branch is part of the federal reserve bank of atlanta, which serves the southeast. branch manager jay currie was at the bank after eiji struck. >> we started calling all financial institutions and talking with them, letting them go into business and we wanted to insure them that we had cash available. and we would do whatever possible to get the cash to them. >> based on their need.

> local banks have it account. they deposit extra cash and the fed credit to their account. banksmal times, the local ask for cash as it is needed. in this case, it is needed immediately and in great quantities. bob jensen's vice president of the first national bank of homestead. >> people literally had to walk out of the lobby with summer between $3000 and $5,000 in cash. some people needed more. >> you do not have cash, you do not have nothing. absolutely nothing. >> budget sullivan owns a service station in homestead. the town was hit especially hard. there was no water, no electricity, no phone service. just a purchase ice, residents had to drive out of town. sullivan needed in emergency generator. cash, have to pay $2500 no credit cards, no checks,

cash. they would not accept anything. >> back at the fed, suzy hernandez and others in charge of shipping cash to other banks. tuesday amount of 25 was the day, august -- tues 25, was the busiest day. >> $90 million. it was the heaviest day. everything was done manually, no computers. >> the $90 million was sent to local banks throughout south florida, including the first national bank of homestead. >> we got deliveries every day, every morning early. we got large amounts of cash and lots of large bills. the fed essentially gave us whatever we wanted and whatever we needed. >> on thursday, august 27, south florida is just beginning the long process of rebuilding. left moreandrew has than 300,000 people without homes. it is the most expensive natural disaster in u.s. history. many people did everything they

could to help their neighbors, including workers at the fed. >> the federal reserve is like the main bank to all these banks. you go to your mom for help, that is what they were doing, they were going for help. the banks were in need of cash, because the people were in need of cash. so we were there for the banks and we were there for all the people. announcer: this week on american johnson, whorank works for united press international in the 1960's, and the washington post for 35 years, the oral history interview is at the university of texas at austin. here is a preview. the minister of information decided nobody was going to go. it turned out they knew that charlie was in the room and all the reporters said, this is

one of the only survivors. please let him go up there with a still photographer. so we all drew straws, the photographers in the room and i drew the short one. so charlie and i flew from port cai tuma.o we get off of the airplane and there is a helicopter on the side. we run to the chopper. there was a soldier inside. i jumped into what would be the door gunner seat. and as we took off, we took off fairly low, maybe only 500 feet off the ground. we flew in over the compound and as we approached the compound we saw all of these people outside of the pavilion. there with bright colors on and i am shooting. and the closer i am getting to the scene as we come overhead i began to realize nobody was

moving. no one at all on the ground. so we sat down and we walked in. i walked into the compound and they were dead people all over the place. the first group i came upon was a group of about six people with a child between them and they were all facedown, arm in arm. the child has sneakers on and they were dead. it was the first people i photographed. then i got into the compound and it was just a sea of bodies on the inside. i looked to my left and there was a throne. there was a sign of the throne where jones with it. sit. would it said, those that do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it. announcer: watch the entire program at 7:00 p.m. and 11 p.m., only on c-span3.

17,uncer: on september 1787, 39 delegates to the constitutional convention signed the u.s. constitution. september 17 is now recognized as national constitution day. akhil reed amar. he talks about his book, the law of the land. discussing how geography impacted the u.s. constitution. the interview was held in philadelphia in 2015 by jeffrey rosen. it is just over an hour. [applause] jeffrey: ladies and gentlemen, welcome to the national constitution center. i am jeffrey rosen, the president of this wonderful