really exciting for us. our exhibit is opened on february 13 this year, just right before presidents' day. and it will run through the early part of next january, january 10 of 2016. so there is a good while to see it. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time all seven editions of "the herald" have been together since they were printed what hundred 50 years ago. that sesquicentennial anniversary of the assassination of lincoln is the reason for the timing of this. lincoln always fascinates people to this day but this year in particular is important because it marks the hundred 50th -- 150 anniversary of his assassination. >> you can watch this and other

american artist program at any time by visiting our website at c-span.org/history. >> c-span is in winston-salem, north carolina. join us as we tour old salem, originally founded -- >> winston-salem, north carolina is an exceptional place. that exceptionalism is tied directly to the history of the church. people of european and african dissent built winston-salem through time and history has revealed here at old scylla museums and gardens -- salem museums and gardens. we are located on the center square in old salem. this was the central point of the community, the public space. a it is the grid that established the community in 1766. this organization is directly

tied to the history of the church. these were people of great as thatcale who valued expand function and revealed this in the communities they established and piedmont, north carolina in the 18th century. their origin goes way back to the 16th century to the martyrdom of a bohemian priest. he was burned at the stake in 1415. out of his martyrdom, his followers organized themselves in 1457 into the unity of the brethren. were arguably the oldest protestant denomination in the world. their origins are taking place in bohemia and moravia, the czech republic today. they established bethlehem and nazareth, which became their first permanent settlement in

america -- it was from here they would begin the process of their -- building their community in north carolina. the moravians had come to the attention of the last of the lord's proprietors of north carolina. he happened she on the northern half of north carolina. the moravians appealed to the english parliament for recognition as an ancient protestant church, which they were given, was provided rights and privileges in the colonies. he knew of their excellent colonization work in pennsylvania and new if he could have them on his land in north carolina that he could sell more land. it serves their purpose because they wanted to have a large body of land where they could live autonomously and live the religious life. he had offered them 100,000 acres and they settled on land in the yakima river valley in a

creek drainage call the muddy creek drainage. this is where they laid out 100,000 acres. this land was rolling and beautiful. it reminded them of land they knew in austria. wachovia,d this land how it was quickly known. that is where they began their colony in piedmont, north carolina. it was around this body of land in what cobia that this place --w and became -- what cobia that this place grew. their goal was to establish a farming community but those plans were delayed. salem was begun in 1766. main street, to my left, what the central axis of the town. it is the northbound axis which is the axis on which the grid was laid. for salem and ultimately winston.

see theiruare we can art and aesthetics to the architecture. the architecture here is unparalleled. we can look at the earliest , this timber building which is 250 years old, one of the oldest buildings in salem, a remarkable structure. when you look at this building you can understand the origin. these early moravians came with what they knew from central europe. you see in this building the architecture and you understand the origin. they are building and the remembered traditions. the people who built this building were mostly born in europe. the only architecture -- the early architecture reflects that. you will see architecture of various periods from this early germanic style all the way through the popular american south. the square is a wonderful place

to look at various styles. church,lding and the built in 1800 by frederick william marshall, who designed many of the buildings in salem, you can see, by 1800, that the moravians have left behind these germanic traditions and favored more classism and english influence on the church. -- classic schism -- classic is him -- the levelmarkable is of architecture, the beautiful breaks, the beautiful buildings. they have this wonderful texture all over the town, through the late 19th century. salem is recognized for its architecture as a national historic landmark. it was the earliest historic district in north carolina and the town is not frozen in time.

salem exists in a continuum so you can enjoy the history of a variety of styles and designs from the 1760's on up into the late 19th century to the early 20th century. i have mentioned to the single brother's house. as far as you can get across the square is the single sisters house. this speaks to the organization of the community here. he organized the moravian community inquires -- in choirs. a choir has to do with a cohort group. there requires for little boys come a little girls, single sisters, singer brothers -- single brothers, married sisters, mary brothers, and choirs for widowers. this the group in which you develop your spirituality. this would be the group for you would attend church and have special festivals and services

just among that group. salem was always a very religious place. this was established as a theocratic town. the church was the government. the church owned all the land and you own your house and your improvement. ended in 1856 and salem became a regular municipality. brother'sthe single where they would hold religious services. as we have seen in the town in the beautiful architecture and designs in the streets and gardens, the organized landscapes, we know that are permeated the life of the moravians in salem. in this room you can see painting from the 18 century by the moravian painter john ballantyne height. the moravians believed in the edification and as that it

beauty of these paintings, so they were commonly used in these types of spaces. moraviansre about the influences in arts and music we are going to hear a performance on the organ. ♪ >> we have a pipe organ. the builder had a shop in pennsylvania. music was a part of daily life here in salem. we note that music was a part of the education system. boys and girls practiced singing

most every day, and were encouraged to play musical instruments. most everyone in the community could play an instrument. by 1786, they had the organ. string quartet was remarkable in many ways. important ino worship settings. they brought the first trombones to america. music was also used at funerals. you would have a band that would play at a funeral service. many had their own brass bands. you can admire the beautiful architecture of the building.

mention salem was well designed in the landscape, but it was also well designed and organized in terms of its economy. controllingas the part of the economy. the single brothers house is a good example of how it functioned so well. the single brothers house was a place where unmarried men lived. a boy with go to school until he was 14 at the school across the square. he would move to the single apprenticeuse and for a trade. these boys with estate with their masters and grow until the late teen years. theirould complete apprenticeship and be ready to start their own work. if they were still single, they would stay in the single others house. if they got married, they would go out on their own.

you have shops in the single brothers house, but you also have the single brothers workshop which is to my right. building wasg the established as additional shots the single brothers house. there was as many as 60 men and boys who lived here at one time. if a man did not marry, he would live here for his entire life as a single brother. you can see that salem very point inecame a hot the backcountry because when we are inestablished, frontier, north carolina. there is nothing else around like this. the sea here in salem, it became a major commercial place in the backcountry of north carolina and was known far and wide for the excellent goods and products that came from your. salem was always designed to be the central town of what cobia.

town.t cobia food would come in from surrounding farms into salem and the market house was built on the square. we have a large garden of the single brothers, and we are also going to visit a family garden across the street on academy street. are looking toward the house. this is the first family house in salem from 1771. the little yellow house to see the familyilding home is typical of a residential lot in salem where the house

would set against the sidewalk. behind the house was the area known as the yard. this is where they might do soapmaking or where you kept your would and would be a place where you could watch your children. the back side of the art would be outbuildings. here we see a barn and a privy adjacent to it and a chicken yard area. yard would bee entirely devoted to the garden. as i mentioned earlier, especially in the beginning of salem, people produced their own food in their yard. this would change over time. typical moravian garden. european style of cultivated squares divided by grass or bark paths. the premature beds would be filled with additional flowers and possibly fruit

trees. there would also be fruit trees at the back. you would cc and all vegetables, fruits, but the snow -- medicinal herbs in the family gardens. today in old salem, we interpret the garden and landscape program . it has been an important part of the museum since the 1970's. it is a research-based program to understand what the land look like and how it was used. going back to the documentation, we know what was being grown and where. it was a functional pace -- .lace, that beautiful we see it in the backyard garden or in the overall plan of the town. we talked about some of the .ther architectural features

also something of interest that s that were through the potter p or you can see as the -- potter. took his hand and rat it down. tile roofing was very important in terms of fire hazard. fire was always an issue in 18th century and early 19th century communities. had building regulations as early as the 1870's about the different materials you should use for your house. ens were made in

accordance with that. this is a technology that comes out of europe. the early plan for a salem in the 1760's included the layout of the moravian graveyard. it is what they called "god's acre." graveyard withe the recumbent stone. they are all the same and all face east. this is a typical moravian graveyard. in barriers -- burials are choirs. into aveyard is divided married man's section and a married women's section. these are married brothers and sisters.

there was a single brothers and single sister section and a children's sections. this inequality of design in terms of the stones and the simple messages on the stones is all part of the belief in the equality of death. the choirs represent the family of the church. it is understood that at the resurrection am a it is the family of god that matters. that is why moravian graveyards are not typically in family groups but organized in the choir system. salem sick commercial center from the 1760's. in 1815, capital came into the community. john christian blum became the first agent for the bank here in salem. the banking developed in the

1850's when the cape fear bank to have a permanent location as an actual bank office. the house behind me was built, and the seller had a special vault. and afterwar came in, the war, this bank actually had real dollars. the bank was known then as the salem national bank. it would be these assets that would travel up main street to the new town of winston in the 1870's and become what cobia wacovial bank -- wha bank. the population had grown and they needed to be a new county seat established. the county that salem was in was cut in half.

the new county seat is located in the middle of the county the logical way to do that would have been in salem. the moravians did not want a courthouse. they sold 51 acres in the northern part of salem for this new county seat which was named winston two years later. winston-salem would grow up side-by-side until they consolidated in 1913. the 19th century was a. of great change for salem and for america in general. embarked in industrialization and a cotton mill in the 1830's. going over from crass and

trades to industrialization. we also see the emergence of entrepreneurship rising. we have banking here and creative people with scientific innovation. this emerging entrepreneurial group is manifested in the house andnd me, a very large beautiful great revival building served as a residence as well as a store. foundry and their work attractive foundries on the building. it was also important in bringing the railroad to winston-salem in the 1870's, which certainly propelled the community further. this house basically looked like this in the antebellum. . the civil war comes in -- and to

belly in period. antebellumar -- period. the civil war came in. bank and a situation with capital. we had industry that had been established. we had entrepreneurial people and energy that really turn things around fairly quickly. commerce pretty much came back more quickly than the rest of the south. i mentioned earlier that the that was brought here in 1873. in 1874, richard joshua reynolds came down from virginia. he was 24 years old and had money in his pocket. he came here because the infrastructure and banking in

the industry and entrepreneurship. he came to establish himself and ultimately he established his empire in r.j. reynolds's tobacco company. he came here specifically because of what was here, and especially the train. salem continued to grow and evolve. consolidated with its neighbor, winston, in 1913. that is when winston-salem was created, the community we know today. the origins always come back to salem and old salem, where you can see this continuation and evolution of the community from a german-speaking community with germanic influence in and the early buildings like the ones behind me. the first family has a growing and changing and evolving time into the town by the late 19th century.

you can see that continuum through the architecture and gardens and a landscape today. >> our cities to her staff recently traveled to winston-salem, north carolina to rich about each -- its history. learn more about winston-salem and other stops on our tour at c-span.org/city tour. you are watching american history tv, all weekend, every weekend, on c-span3. now we return live to washington, d.c. for the abraham lincoln symposium. up next, an award presentation, and then we will hear from speaker stanley harold, who will talk about the influence of the abolitionists on lincoln's political decisions.

[inaudible conversations] on april 14, 1865, president lincoln visited ford theater to watch american cousins. the performance, john wilkes booth shot president lincoln. after the assassination, the ford theater remained closed for 100 years. it officially reopened as a national historic site and theater. [inaudible conversations] >> good afternoon.