[applause] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2018] announcer 1: you are watching "american history tv," 48 hours of programming on american history every weekend on c-span3. follow us on twitter @ cspanhistory for information on our schedule and to keep up with news. >> the university of oklahoma is home to the carl albert center. he held the highest political office of any oklahoman in history. we will learn more about this former speaker of the house and other collections from congressman. -- men.

inthe center was founded 1979 by professor ron peters. peters thought we have this powerful member of congress, carl albert, we need to do something at the university to memorialize his ideals about congress, about legislating, about governing. today we have over 60 locations -- collections, 20 political connections from staffers or reporters or other people. today when we are visiting we will look at the carl albert collection, the others, mark signer -- mike synar and more. carl albert was speaker of the house from 1991 -- he was majority leader, he was the p and a regular member of congress, 30 years total. this area is the speaker's

office. we have furniture. we have pictures, other stuff that came from carl albert's office and d.c. this isn't his actual office, but these are things he used. this is carl albert's desk where he would work. carl albert was not a very tall man, so in order to raise himself up, he had someone build so hem a little footstool could sit a little taller at the desk and not have his feet dangle off. one of the highlights of speaker albert's career was bringing in queen elizabeth for the bicentennial. you can say here is albert showing the queen some photographs. she brought a copy of the magna carta to give to albert and give to the united states. she is sitting in this chair. we look over here, the chair is still here. we let guests sit in the chair the queen sat in.

we have pictures. this is speaker albert and his freshman class. somewhere in there you can find speaker albert. you can find president nixon and president kennedy. this is not speaker albert, but we have a picture of kennedy in oklahoma. he is really here. he is opening up an intersection, and the reason he came as because robert s curve wanted him to come -- robert kerr wanted him to come. so i show you this furniture from his various offices. here is the queen's chair again. the sofa, speaker albert was napping on the sofa when he found out spirit agnew resigned and he was next in line for the presidency. so agnew resigned. there was no vice president. some level to roll -- some admiral democrats wanted to get him to the presidency to replace

richard nixon. albert was opposed to this. he thought it was not fair to have a democrat or place a republican, but being albert, he was prepared. this document is a memo written by ted sorensen to speaker albert, labeled personal and confidential, but it lays out what should albert do if he becomes president. so you can look. it says step one, take the oath of office. step two, physically taking over the office. step three, resigned from the house. this is another thing albert would have had to do, resign as speaker to move up to the presidency. it would only be temporarily. i think this is interesting that many people really don't know about. we think about richard nixon and impeachment. we don't think about other things that could have happened during that time. the papers we have and the

objects are from the robert kerr collection. robert kerr was senator from oklahoma. he was born in indian territory. he was born in the wonderful log cabin here. very hardscrabble background. true very poor, -- grew up very poor but worked his way up. had ain the senate, kerr lot of priorities. the number one over the entire career was the arkansas river bend project. the arkansas river runs through part of oklahoma and goes through tulsa and eventually winds all the way to colorado on one end and connect with the mississippi river. so there is lots of things he wanted to a with the arkansas river bed project. oklahoma had problems with whether as you know. we have tornadoes, but we also have droughts, and we have floods. we try to make up for our droughts in maybe a week's worth

of rain per year. part of that project would help the flooding, get some dams and thegy, but also navigate arkansas rivers or you can get materials from tulsa and other areas to mississippi and other markets. this took almost his whole career and wasn't fully funded until after he died in 1963 great he was able to accomplish a lot of this, becoming chair of the public works committee. pork committeeic where its job is to get funding livered back to the different states. thehis map here lays out changes they will make. oklahoma doesn't have a lot of natural lakes. but they have to put dams in. they have they have to make canals for some part of the river to make it navigable. he was able to work with eisenhower to get funding for the project.

it's his work as the chair of the public works committee. he was able to get it funded. if anyone else in congress wanted river or harbor legislation, he would say sure, go ahead. everyone gets a little bit and you're able to fund these projects. in 1963, it is fully funded. another thing he was able to do, late in his career was chair of the nafta committee. lyndon johnson was the first chair, then kerr takes over when lyndon johnson assumes the vice presidency. this is like a, classic pork barrel project you can do. the story is we need to beat the russians into space. kerr thought we could build parts for rockets in oklahoma. they need a lot of fuel and

they are going to need communications satellites. he was able to grow the budget for nasa. another move kerr was able to make, he was able to get jim webb to be an administrator for nasa. webb was an employee of an oil company prior to his service and -- service in government. he was part owner of kerr-mcgee oil company. this was seen as a coup for kerr to get his man into nasa. they would give these rockets to krerr hoping to get money for their programs. the pioneer rocket, the jupiter, but also some ballistic missiles as well. this one comes on its le cart here. this moves missiles around the country. this is one of my favorite pictures and the collection. we have lyndon johnson, robert s

kerr, the back of kennedy's head. no one is looking at them, they are all looking at alan shepard, who is an astronaut. this is one of the rare pictures them in have that shows the room and no one is paying attention to them. they are all paying attention to alan shepard. the next collection is the mike steinhauer collection. he is a democrat from oklahoma. he's pretty liberal. he's elected first in 1978. he's only 28 years old. synar was a fighter. he took on big tobacco. he fights with the nra. he's not afraid to take on the -- he was not afraid to take on the big issues. it eventually hurt him politically. he ends up losing in the democratic primary in 1994.

his opponent up funding from the nra and big tobacco. his big fights came back against him politically. it was the type of person, i don't think he cared. he wanted to do the right thing. he always said he would go to congress to take the heart to congress, not to shy away from the problem. the other collections are a little sanitized. his collection came to us as is. the documents here show who mike synar is. they show who his staff are. we have gotten to know his staff over the years as well. thing synar was known for is this case under the reagan , administration, congress passed this act that ceded power

from the controller general to cut the budget if congress wasn't able to meet certain goals they wanted to make. congress, as we know isn't good , about cutting spending. this act ceded power to the comptroller. synar thought this was wrong. he said this was wrong. congress should be the one to cut the budget. we shouldn't see the powers to somebody else. he sued the government. bowser was the comptroller and synar was the one suing the government. this banner here, "good like mike" is from one of his staffers. this was given to him when the trial was going on. this shows a bit of his personality, the personality of his staff.

there are some members of congress that people may not be as excited to work for, and everyone liked working for mike. this picture here, these are the people who worked on the case. in the back, there's alan morrison. he's the one who presented the case to the supreme court. we had him come out last year to talk about what happened, the legal strategies he used. there is mike at the microphone. we have some other documents here. there is a press release from the ap. this is one of the few cases where the ruling leaked from the supreme court.

they are usually tightlipped about the rulings. synar wins. the court rules that you can't cede this power. these are the arguments, the briefs that were presented, the schedule, what mike is going to do. this document here plays up the personality. he's going to appear on tv. if there's any problems -- mike comes down with laryngitis, the here'surns down, etc., what you should do. some staff don't have the personality that some of these folks do. this is the dick army collection. he's from texas. you might be wondering why is this at the university of oklahoma? for one, he has a phd in economics from the university. so he has a connection to the university, but we are a very

professional archive, we process collections. if you give your papers to us, you know we will keep them forever. some people might be from out of state and might look to us as a place to give their collection. it's worth looking at a couple of pictures that we have from the election -- the collection. dick army is elected in 1985. he's part of this wave of republicans who wanted to fight back against democrats. serve under the bob michael leadership, army, and gingrich and delay are trying to fight with democrats. in the lead up to the 1994 election, one of the most important documents was a series of legislation that the republicans would pass in the first 100 days once they were elected.

here's army's list. they were able to pass some of these dealing with budgetary issues or the rules at the house. something else they wanted to pass was term limits for the u.s. congress. but that is not constitutional. we have that in oklahoma, but not able to do at the federal level. here's the press conference dealing with the contract. you can see some of the other people in there. you might recognize a younger john boehner, dennis hastert. he goes on to becomes bigger of the house. so all the leadership in the republican party was behind the document. we've seen the strength of congress has waxed and waned. congress, for a long time is a , powerful body, probably more dominant than the president. over the years, they may be

seated power to the president or strengthened the power of the leadership. your average congressman has less power. speaker albert was bigger when the changes went through in congress. they did away with seniority rule. that would a lot of power in the speaker ship. albert didn't use it, but we think of speakers today, they use those powers that came through when albert was speaker. while we are in the carl albert center we are bipartisan, , focused on history, focused on telling stories, focused on teaching. >> this weekend, american history tv is joining docs to towcase -- joining cox showcase oklahoma. to learn more about the current tour visit c-span.org/cities tour.

>> i think political television gives people insight into the candidates of the time. it something that cannot be gotten in any other way. i don't minimize the value, it is extremely important. i think television and radio advertising brings radio to life. it gives human quality to the candidates that they are watching which they will not get from any description from what the campaigns consisted of. jillian was working in broadcast television in the 1950's, and he discovered that when they rent the political ads, they went in the trash. this was because they were on film. this is important, this is our history, so he started digging stuff out of the trash and saving it. list and talked to all

of his buddies at all of the stations that he could get a hold of. on nights and weekends, he would drive around and fill his trunk up with political advertisement. the university decided to buy it in 1985. they paid $1 million board at the time and there was 25,000 spots when they purchase it. in our catalog, we have 120,000 spots. anything from political advertisement has been education and taxes, and health care. those in every ad possibly all the way back to the radio ads. you're finding those today because we are having those discussions about education and health care that we were having then.

this is a piece called " hell-bent for election," put out for franklin ardell -- roosevelt. -- franklin eleanor roosevelt. this is a 13 minute animated feature and roosevelt is depicted as a new streamlined fast train against the old chugging locomotive. ♪

he is portrayed as the signee -- shiny new deal who is modern and andall of the materials implies modern, technical know-how as he surpasses the old steam engine in this sleek new modern train. what i find interesting, 1944, you have a full-color animation with some good effects. they weren't really seen a lot

at this time. black and white televisions in our homes in the 50's, well, they were black and white. and this is full-color that was done in 1944. that's the one thing i found need about it. war, thee vietnam images that we were exposed to became a lot more violent. cycle, it was showing us things that we had not seen before. the horrors of war, and that kind of thing. fears andto people's you have police violence and writing in the streets, in your country, then it is easy to make that leap in people's minds.

that this is happening here in your home. this is a 1968 nixon for president commercial. ♪ >> it is time for an honest look in the united states. dissent is a necessary ingredient of change, but in the system of government that provides for peaceful change, there is no cause which justifies resort to violence. let us recognize that the first civil right of every american is to be free of domestic violence. so i pledge to you, we shall have order in the united states. >> in 1968, it was odd come but we had a lot of the same issues

if you will, that we had in 1968. it was apparent of time where we -- it was a. of time where we were as deeply divided in the country as we are now. there were a lot of reasons for that. women and gender equality was coming to the forefront, we were in the middle of the vietnam war. we kind of, like today, had students protesting in the streets. we had a lot of discussion about police violence. just the level of violence that we were exposed to in the news, it fell over into advertising and pretty much everything else that we were seeing on television.

channing phillips was the only black candidate in 1968. i don't know if he had any 1968 advertisements, it was fairly early on, and a lot of times they did not run them until the primaries. this is one from a run for house of representatives than he -- that he did in the 1971, which i think was significant because he was the only black candidate for president in 1968. >> don't you really believe that there are a lot of people who really don't mind living like they are as long as handouts continue? >> there may be people like

that, they in no sense are the majority. you say to them that they can just get off welfare with the dignity of being self-sufficient. but see, she wanted a good job. she wasn't going to get any old job. and she gets over $500 or something a month and welfare money. >> that is why i talk about meaningful employment. if you look at the welfare programs they have been handing out in congress, they are willing to get the money, but they want women to work. they want the women to work as a domestic, or a cook. nobody should have that as their limited form of employment. they want to get trained. that is all they are asking for. i have never heard anybody ask for more than that. >> vote, january 12 so that >> vote, january 12 so that channing can be heard. >> one thing you find a lot with political advertising is negative advertising, and there is a lot of discussion about that in politics.

something we don't frequently find in other areas, like products or product placement, you will find that with large corporations, car manufacturers such as proctor and gamble, unilever, they are aligning their products with movements such as the women's movement, gender fluidity, things that are more relevant to the human experience. they are pulling those in and talked about those with their products. that is not something that lends itself to political advertisement. you are not going to find the

kind of negative ads for products that you find for politicians. they just don't do that kind of advertising. there are now saying, oh, don't use this toothpaste because it is terrible, they'll tell you about all the wonderful things that there's does and how it is improving people's lives because of it. -- that their toothpaste does and how it has improved people's lives because of it. frequently during a campaign, you have a couple of different ads, you have a piece for a candidate who will tell you all of their accomplishments if they are businessmen. or a very frequent is, "i am not a politician." they will tell you about all the wonderful things they have done, their accomplishments, their business, things like that. >> as president of the board of supervisors, diane has gone out

of her way to learn the problems of her community and act as a person of reason and conciliation. she has tried to understand the feelings of everybody in hours 80 and to conduct herself as a true public servant. >> then there is a negative advertisement when they tell you all the terrible things about their opponents. >> do you want castro to have the bomb, now? [explosion] do you want any country that doesn't have a bomb to be able to get it? of course you don't. where does richard nixon and on the u.n. treaty to stop the spread of nuclear weapons? he says he is in no hurry to pass it. hubert humphrey wants to stop it now before it mushrooms. hubert humphrey supports the u.n. treaty now. as do the 80 countries who have

already signed it. let's stop the spread of the bomb, now. humphrey, there is no alternative. >> when we are talking about negative ads, this ad that i will show you doesn't really fall into the category of negative ads, where she is bashing her candidate. she is more making the statement on the political process as a whole. i put it in the negative category, just because it uses the sort of shock value. and, well, shock value. [laughter] to make a point. and it draws on something that she is very familiar with, and it sort of lends itself to the

process. so.... >> i am joni ernst. i grew up castrating hogs on an iowa farm. so when i get to washington, i will know how to cut pork. >> joni ernst, mother, soldier, conservative. >> my parents taught us to live within our means. it is time to force washington to do the same. to cut wasteful spending, repeal obamacare and balance the budget. i am joni ernst and i approve this message because washington is full of big spenders. let's make them squeal. >> this was a very effective advertisement. obviously, she won, but it went viral. i think because of the sort of shock and humor in the subject, and the fact that so many people were frustrated for lack of a better term, with washington at the time that the ad came out. >> over $5,000 a year.

>> this is the american -- this has been american political history since the time of radio or radio ads, they go back to the 1930's. everything from the middle of the 1950's on, we have had to -- we have tried to say. and as far as political advertising, and we have a large version of it. it is very good to compare and contrast what we are doing now. >> one of the oldest homes in norman was this house built 1889, just after the settlement of the city. join us in side as we learn more about the family that lived here and their role in the development of norman. >> this house was named after william s moore. and harry lindsay. mr. moore was a very wealthy

man. in the census, has occupation says capitalists, though he had a lot of money. a lot of it came from real estate investments and things like that. he was the one who designed this house. this house is a queen and -- queen anne victorian-style home. it includes a big front porch and back porch. it also includes a multicolor facade, lots of details around the house. william s moore moved with them in the family to norman in 1985, which was a few years after the land run, which is basically a race to claim your own little plot of land. april 22, 1889, the day of the land run, there were people living in this area. the population went from zero to either 200 to 500 overnight.

and it took them time to actually set up city laws and city government, so officially, the city was incorporated in 1891. the city's namesake, abner norman, was a early land surveyor. the story goes that his team was called norman's camp, they carved the phrase norman's camp onto a tree in an area called bishop's creek, and that is how this area came to be known as norman. this house is located in what is called old silk stocking road, a reference to the wealthy residents of the early neighborhood, meaning that they could afford to wear silk stockings. this queen anne victorian-style home cost $5,000 to build at the time, 1899. your average norman home costs about $400 to $500, so this was a big showplace for the

community. there are articles in the early newspaper where people were so happy that there was this beautiful home in their community. people would take their sunday walks by the house to see mrs. lindsay's rose gardens or the beautiful turret room in the house. so this is a big showplace, even though it was not as vague our as grand as some of the homes in the east coast at the time. but for this area, it was a big deal and a beautiful home. so this is the space you wanted to have your best furniture on display. you have dark wood furniture, handsewn pieces. it was a place where you wanted to impress your guests. mr. moore and mrs. lindsay were pretty involved in the community through the city council, the school board and churches and space they could have

those conversations with other leaders in the community. this house house has seen a lot of history happen through norman. they had the navy base, the great depression and the growth of the university. the house has been through all of it, and we hope that it provides that representation to the community. >> our cities tour staff recently traveled to oklahoma to learn about norman's history. learn more about norman and other stops in our two or at span.org/citiestour. you're watching american history tv on c-span3. this week, mark zuckerberg testifies before a senate and house committee, but facebook's

handling on privacy. he will answer questions during a joint senate judiciary. eastern, he 10 a.m. will appear before the house energy and commerce committee. orch online at c-span.org listen live with the free c-span radio app. >> interested in american history tv? visit our website, c-span.org /history to view our schedule, preview programs, watch college lectures, archival films and more. this is at our website. c-span, where history unfolds daily. in 1979, c-span was created as a public service by america's cable television companies.

we continue to bring you unfiltered coverage of congress, the white house, the supreme and public policy events in washington dc and around the country. c-span is brought to you by your cable or satellite provider. each week, american artifacts -- located in the heart of washington dc, the willard hotel has been a witness to history for 200 years. guests have included abraham lincoln, mark twain, world war ii soldiers and the first japanese delegation to the united states in 1860. >> welcome to the willard. thisliver and i represent area.