that, had we had going,y to keep that then soma would be in a better place. i also think that we have failed to teach our children about the movement was all about and the importance of voting. >> c-span continues with a tour of old live oak cemetery. >> the cemetery was founded in 1829, originally, the cemetery was outside of the city limits, but now it is in -- within the city of soma. the cemetery, back in the 19th century, was also a place that was almost like a park. people would come, they would stroll in the evenings, they

would have picnic lunches on sunday. we are going to be taking around old live oak cemetery and introducing you to some of its most famous residents, including the vice president of the united states, several senators, the first african-american elected to the u.s. house of representatives, and of the first female elected to the alabama legislature. of are looking at the muslim a rufus, who is the highest rating official. -- highest ranking official. to the alabama territory in 1818 and established a plantation. in 1819, whatever alabama became a state, he was one of the founders of the city of soma and he named soma for his favorite scottish poem. as alabama was moving toward to beood, he was chosen in the constitutional convention in huntsville, alabama, where he

helped to write the state constitution. from there, he was chosen as one of the senators to represent of the state in washington, d.c. william rufus king was very much thee was in all senses event of suspension -- secession. he was a firm unionist. began to secede, he was firmly rooted in the sense that we must stay together as a union, we must not separate. he was a close friend of james buchanan. they lived together in washington for about 20 years before he returned to alabama. they was speculation that had more than just a friendship relationship, but there is no basis or proof to that. there has never been any letters found or anything like that. in 1852, he was chosen as the running mate to franklin pierce and they won the election.

he had developed tuberculosis and was ill, so he went to cuba on -- under the advisement of his doctor in order to recuperate down there. while he was in cuba, the senate passed a special bill that he is the only executive branch official that has ever been sworn in on foreign territory. cubaalized while he was in that he was not going to recuperate and continued to decline. so he came back to the plantation in selma and died the following day. originally, he was buried at his plantation at chestnut hill across the alabama river, but was moved to old live oak cemetery because of his importance in the founding and naming. has polyesters beside the door. it was erected in honor of his vice presidency of the united states. right next to the mausoleum, we are going to be cutting to the

monument to john tyler morgan. john tyler morgan was born in 1824 in tennessee. selma ande moved to married a local girl. the alabamaattended secession convention in montgomery, alabama. he voted to secede from the union because he was a strong state right supported. he felt that the federal government was overstepping its bounds and trying to regulate slavery in the state of alabama and other southern states. he voted to secede along with the majority from the union and he rose to the rank of general. he was sworn in as a senator, and probably two of the most important things he was known for was he was known as an expansionist. he was very much in favor of the united states acquiring a wide cuba and philippines and also the second thing, he is known as

the father of the panama canal because he very much thought that the united states should be involved in a canal system that went through central. the french had started the panama canal and he was instrumental in working with theodore roosevelt and making sure that the other states were instrumental in finishing the panama canal. he did reconstruction, john was very focused on trying to rebuild the state of alabama. he was not in support of rights for african-americans. he was very much in favor of maintaining jim crow laws in order to keep society stable. he served six terms in the united states senate and died in selma in 1907. we are now standing at the grave of benjamin's early turner -- benjamin serling turner. in 1830, he was brought as a

slave with his owner which was the winner. she recognized his intellectual abilities and educated him alongside her children. -- alongside her white children. he put him in as the manager of the hotel. onalso operated a business water avenue and had several other small businesses. during the war, whenever he went off to fight in the battle, he left mr. turner in charge of the hotel. theas also the founder of first school for african-american children in the and of soma and -- selma serve a short term on the city council but got off because he refused to be paid. he did not believe that public servants should accept the money for their service. in 1870, he was elected to the u.s. house of representatives. while he was there in washington, his main causes were

amnesty for the confederates of that fought in the war and also to secure aid to help the devastated cell. he was very much supported by the people here in the city of selma, because he was one of those people that rose above race and above the parties in order to work for the good of the country and the community. thegrave is marked with bike of the confederacy because of his efforts in trying to secure aid for the devastated south and also amnesty for the confederates who fought in the war. now at the grave of hattie wilkins. she was born in 1875 to a prominent family and was educated at a school here in selma. her father put her into a school for boys at which the teacher said that she was the smartest student in the class. 1898 and inied in 1910, she began to be involved

with the sum of suffrage movement. that was the first suffrage movement in the state of alabama. she then joined alabama equal suffrage association and was a member there. 9020, women were allowed the right to vote and in 1922, she was elected to the alabama legislature. ostracized bylly the young ladies of selma because they thought it was absolutely scandalous for a woman to be involved in politics. they considered that to be dirty. she served one term, she proposed bills for health care and education and when she came back to selma, she remained involved in women's voter issues. she is very right here between her son and her husband and the folklore is that she was buried standing up because her husband said she always stood up for principles. we are now at the grave of

todd johnson. both came toister the swearing of jefferson davis and ended up marrying them. -- she visited several times and washington, d.c., what the last time that she was up there, president lincoln to occur -- took her past and said that she could never come back because he found out that she was throwing money and medicine into her petticoat to bring it across to the confederacy. she died in selma. the memorial you see behind us was carved in marble in italy. her husband sent it back to have it redone because he said her hair was not as beautiful as it was in person.

she was the one who was part of the women's memorial association that became -- she is the one that laid out the confederate symbol which we know today. we are now in confederate circles that was founded after the war. dawson isd nathaniel the one who planted the trees we see here, be live oaks and the magnolias. she was part of the ladies memorials association with became the daughters of the confederacy and she wanted to have an area to memorialize those who fought in the war. the city of selma gave her the plans to use to build this confederate circle. in this circle there are graves of confederate and non-confederate soldiers that were moved and reinterred here. wasave the monument of that built in 1878 to commemorate the lost cause. there are 155 confederate soldiers whose remains were

moved here and buried right here behind me. they mark those who died in the war. in this cemetery, we can see the rise of the state and we can see prosper, howlly the state was involved in a civil war, and we have many prominent people who have worked to make selma a better place after that time. >> our city tour staff recently traveled to selma, alabama. learn more at c-span.org/citytour. you are watching american history tv all weekend, every weekend on c-span3. >> next on lectures in history, tulane university professor teaches a class on agricultural labor in the united states since 1930. and the rise of organic farming. she describes the bracero

program which brought temporary workers from mexico in the 1940's and 1950's, as well as a farm worker strike under leader such as cesar chavez. she argues that despite the rising consumer awareness relating to organic food, working conditions are not always considered a factor in what people buy. her class is about 50 minutes. prof. lipman: what i want to do today is give us our third lecture in our unit about waiver in american food way. -- labor and american food waste. if we talk about the beef industry on monday and look at the jungle, and on wednesday we look at chicken stocks factory and production in the chicken industry here in the american south. today we will look at agricultural labor. as i said, those in the room were vegetarians are not off the hook. in fact, we have to think about the ways in which agricultural labor has often been exploited in a very difficult condition under which the vegetables tha