launch and a discussion with the three co-authors, the editor, and the mapmaker of the book. dean melissa portrays george washington, who was instrumental in founding the u.s. capitol. this is about an hour and 15 minutes. >> we are going to start our program now, i want to thank everybody for coming tonight to this occasion that represents the culmination of many years of the authorslf of and the u.s. capital historical society. i want to welcome our guest and rick buys our authors. charles carol carter, alexander hawkins and pamela scott, who you will all be hearing from. we will get a better and reduction in a few minutes. i want to thank everyone who has worked on this, particularly our

guests tonight from mount vernon. we look forward to working with them in the future, including a september 13 event at mount vernon related to the release of the book. thank all the members of the carter family who are here with us tonight. and a special thanks to everyone who donated to the production of this book, especially frank and .ricia this is the culmination of many years of work on behalf of so many people. we are delighted to have this, which we truly believe will be one of the real books that will be referred to in the future, and any discussion of capitol it asnd the impact that an area in the city has had on this country. the first part of our program allows me to introduce our

special visitor. general george washington. >> thank you for the introduction, what am i supposed to do with that? them a little after your time. >> all the modern inconveniences. what a great honor. i'm still wearing my boots. i had four hours from mount vernon to be here today. you are seeing me in my boots and i apologize for that. it's a great honor and i hope we will see each and everyone of you at mount vernon.

we extend our warm and sincere virginia hospitality to each and every one of you. there has always been for me a great a lower. london,od imaginings of my hopes to go to london, i was supposed to go to london for my formal education at the appleby school. those hopes for -- when, as a lad of 11 years of age, my father died suddenly. i never got to see london. about the great capitals of rome and the classic governments there. capital,, the colonial the lid of your city.

i had always dreamed of going to philadelphia city, which was, i'm not sure if you know this, it was the second greatest city in the british empire. you probably do know that after july 2 it became the greatest city in america. i got some for road browse after i said july 2. you do know the question of our dependency was voted upon july 2? it was just adopted on the fourth as a formality. i saw these capital cities as bustling places of mystery. vibrancy. age, it wasarly quite clear that capital cities were not simply the seats of

government. the story behind the selection of the location both permanent and temporary, our capital and is one thatding comes down to -- or to use a whiskey maker's vernacular, his skill to pretty much one thing. coming together in the spirit of amnesty and mutual concession. that is the story behind the .ormation of our nation itself it's the very essence of the founding and the raising up and the success of these united states of america.

very essence of our future success coming together in amity and mutual concession. success or theer secret lacking thereof of her failure. how did we even get to the point where we could decide we could have a capital? that's the question. a sovereign orof independent nation to take our place on the world stage? the ark of the story is all but a miracle. and humbly and with great humility, i suggest that my life has been intrinsically interwoven with that very story. it begins when our national capital was london.

and our colonial capital was philadelphia city. we had all the rights and all at least all the ones important to us. they had left it alone -- going back to the 1600s. i refer to it a salutary neglect. means we governed ourselves for 150 years. it means we adjudicated our own paces in the courtrooms. raised our own money for 150 years. i was a loyal british subject. i served kings, i served countries, the virginia colonial regiment at age one and 20 as

major george washington. you may be wondering how someone goes from being a civilian to being a major. that's the way it was done in great britain and new york. more money i would have purchased a higher rank but i did not. i became a soldier at a remarkable time. always at war, short periods of peace. it is shaping up to be a war of empire. this would be a seven-year fought war. fought most extensively in north america. great britain is ultimately successful. they push the french out of north america.

they take holdings and garrison troops around the world, victorious to the french. it all but bankrupted great britain. i tell you this because the king panicked. we told them to do something about this. they came back to the king of england and said we have just finished fighting this expensive for. most of the cost of that war was in british america. let his mad as he turned to the american colonials. it was a brilliant ideal on face value. they did not understand us. what followed is a period perio1

this ultimately led, as you might imagine, to a decision to raise up arms against our king. this is something no colony had done successfully, and we were going to do it against most powerful fighting force on earth , the british army and the british navy. you know how that story ends. the three days ago was anniversary of my commissioning as commander-in-chief of the united colonies of america. i had written a letter to mrs. washington that day. i sent her a copy of my will.

i also made her a promise i would be home on christmas eve. i did not tell her which christmas eve. we were now a sovereign independent nation. we had ask ourselves what kind of country we were going to be. were a wide range of options and opinions, including those ill-conceived who wanted what?e me you know the context of my time, , is when we signed our declaration of american independency, and then again when we signed our constitution,

is the only nation on earth that is not under the control of men and women of absolute power. country -- we for the first time in human history would raise up a nation constrained by laws and the constitution. the constitution included a section for the establishment for a seat of government. we have had capitals, don't get me wrong. york. new we have baltimore, we had lancaster, we had annapolis, we

york, wee town, we had had capitals. but now we were faced with a permanent seat of government. make no mistake about it, this was a busy time, we had much to do. we had to establish the major departments in the government, and the executive branch, in my case. had to appoint the judiciary, we had to recast our colonial area -- we had to recast our colonial era postal service. because of the size and organization for national defense -- an army that would be subordinate to the civilian army. we had to deal with our crushing , and, of course, put in

place a governmental financial mechanism going forward. i'm glad you are all sitting down. our war debt, it was a staggering number. million.lose to 70 i'm sure in your day and time it is nowhere near that high. it's unimaginable. , but politically imperative bill of rights? we had to memorialize a degree of them as well. it is at times the seemingly -- that we also took on the challenge of the location of a permanent seat of a new federal government. as you might imagine that everyone believed we needed a permanent city.

some believing that even its creation was a disservice to the citizenry. it would call for a centralized government that would be too long and too strong. was a great deal of concern for a strong centralized government. some thought that the capital would be a center for stock and speculators. how it wasu all know journal alexander hamilton, he had released a report on the public credit. it painted a fairly bleak picture in terms of the public credit situation.

of the ways, in a very complex scene that hamilton had to set, built straight in a financial manner going forward, he proposed the new central government would assume the war debts of the states. hadtelling you i myself hamilton explained this to me repeatedly, usually telling him, simpler, simpler. concurrent with this, mr. madison and jefferson, they have a strong desire to see the seat of government in or towards the south. this yielded a compromise. this ultimately resulted in a compromise over dinner at mr. jefferson's house in between mr. city

jefferson and colonel hamilton. compromise yielded the act the -- act of establishing temporary and permanent seat of the government of the united states, the residence act. i signed up into law of mid july of that year. it called for a permanent seat of government on the potomac river. that dinner compromise also yielded the debt assumption being included in the funding act. agreed that hen would not stand in the way, and

he would get others to agree to not stand in the way of locating the capital city on the potomac at this point i was to pick the power exact location of the federal city. location byced that proclamation in january 1791. milesld be 100 square shaped like a diamond. it would include parts of georgetown maryland and alexandria, virginia. tobacco inspection towns.

i also pointed the first board of commissioners, it would be their responsibility to supervise the building. there are many daniel carols in my day. this particular one was of rock creek. marriage, david stewart. challenges.mmediate andi on all of that land particularly the core was privately owned. some of it in considerable amounts by a small number of owners, proprietors as they were considered.

i count myself in the position to negotiate and manage a group of men with widely disparate interests. interests,use those those factions. it's the real reason my hair turned white, truth be told. proprietors, the the interests of the landholders about georgetown and those about and those about carol's berg, and that their fears and jealousies of each were counteracting the public purposes. whilst it properly managed, they might be made to's absurd -- to

subserve. time, whereense self interest amongst too many captains, could sink the ship. meeting,rather intense i think unfairly characterizing it as such. in.he'll seem to be digging miracles, after the proprietors had a night to sleep and perhaps some quiet well applied additional conversations, at days like i was greatly pleased to note in that same journal that i mentioned before that the proprietors saw the propriety of my observations. they were contending for the lost,, they might have

but such was not the case. we signed an agreement that same day, the 30th of march, the very end of the month of march. you may ask yourself, because many did at that time, why did the proprietors sign over their land to the new federal government? it was not without self interest. i remember during the war of congressindependency the citizenry who made shoes, who made coats, who made muskets produce these things for no pay and no profit.

i told him this will not work. it will only take you so far. people have interests and a half needs. and the proprietors had interests and needs. they also reckon that the continuous landholdings would yield great returns. once the federal city was fully established. they would also derive some real income. the kernel set to work at that began and hearea began working closely with my commissioners. it was not seamless, i will tell you.

was not a perfect relationship, but it ultimately worked. i also elected, because of the future prospects of the proprietors, there should be a major government building and every one of the sectors of the city. friends, i said at the beginning, the essence was that people together as a during the period of time leading up to the war, american , andendence, in the war peace. we came together in the spirit of mutual amnesty and conception. my vision for the city was the as my boyhood

interpretation, that this city, washington city, the federal city in the district of columbia would not just be a seed of government where elected officials visited. i saw the federal city as a living city, where people thrived and engaged in discourse with each other. where business was conducted, and theadesmen profited arts occurred. made divine providence not disappoint our fervent expectations. i want to conclude by once again conveying to you the most important message of what i have .poken of this idea of amnesty and mutual

conception. 1787,mber september 17, anyone know the significance of that date? we had been at work more than a third of the year. i was presiding officer at philadelphia city. all of the delegates and dismissed them to return to their respective states the ratification process to begin. i was up on the dais, house in , and ipapers together heard a tap coming closer to the dais. coming closer to the day of, a sage of philadelphia, dr. benjamin franklin. he was in great agony, he had count in his feet and stones in his kidneys. when dr.e days franklin cannot walk into the constitutional convention.

he was carried in on the shoulders of four prisoners from the wall street jail. armepped down, i took his in support and i said to him, dr., how may i be of service? had a walker with a beautiful gold liberty cap at the top. , will to you when he passed that being his most prized personal possession, he left it to me. he started poking it passed me and said to me, general, throughout these proceedings i have been looking at your chair. i said my chair? he said your chair. i said, i don't pretend to know you're saying. he said, general, in our day and when a woodcarver cards the

sun on a horizon, one never knows. he says, one never knows if it is a rising sun or if it is a setting sun. and throughout the great ring core of this constitutional or --tion -- great rank r of thisco constitutional convention -- wealthy states versus poor states, i saw this union crumbling. i had the great happiness of it was a rising sun in america and not a setting one. you may have problems in your day and time.

need to know that we have always had problems here, before we were a country, when we fought a war, when we became a city it this federal has not happened easily. but, as i have written and you that we americans can overcome absolutely everything. as long as we set aside factions and set aside division, and as i have written, dare i say, set aside political parties, which does little but ring -- bring the interest of party above the interest of the nation. and come together in the spirit of amnesty and mutual concession. i thank you for your kind

attention. i remain your humble and obedient servant. thank you, kindly. [applause] there is no need to stand on ceremony. i will sit myself down. >> good evening, i am john adams. [laughter] wait a minute, i am not.

i feel i john adams, trying to follow george washington is an -- a difficult task. am donaldr life, i kennon. donald: it is my privilege to andoduce the authors moderate a question and answer session with them. a little bit about how i am involved in this project. even though i retired three years ago, the project had begun before then. i felt responsible to continue with the project and see it through to conclusion. i am a little biased. i think this is a wonderful book. ands a very attractive book a real contribution to the foundingip about the

of capitol hill and its growth and development. before i founding of capitol answer for the panelists, i was a your recognition to people who were not able to be here tonight. there is run. he is the recently retired president of u.s. historical society. support saw this long and complex process through to completion. gived, i would like to special recognition to choose talented professionals whose work give the book is distinctive and attractive look. is france jensen. institutions radically assistance and they are listed in the acknowledgments section of the book. following the introductions of the speakers and their great opening statements, we will have

time for questions from the audience. if you have a question, raise your hand and maybe identify. she's been will bring you a microphone because we want to get your comments recorded as well. if you look at the page -- the books dedication page, you will see that it is dedicated to charles carol carter. not customary to dedicate a book one of its authors but in this case, carol carter was so much more than an author. it was the unanimous wish of the society and the fellow contributors to dedicate the book to him for his tireless devotion, inspiration and support for its creation and publication. charles carol carter is a defendant -- descendent of three important families.

the carols of maryland, the carters of virginia and the lees. he is the perfect trifecta. he graduated from georgetown preparatory school, the university of notre dame and he earned an mba from the american university. he served as a commissioned officer during the korean war. he joined the newly formed u.s. department of transportation and later became special assistant to the secretary. in 1974 he became the founder, publisher and editor of mass transit magazine. wife,and his beloved rosemary have six children and 14 grandchildren. the legacy will continue. it is my pleasure to turn the

microphone over to you, carol to tell us about your book. carol: good afternoon. it is too early for evening. here we are. my name is charles carol carter. captivatedhave been

by my family history since i was a boy. also, the place held in that history by the carols of maryland. to tell thelled of how this most valuable city for the united states of america was formed and how it came about. called theeasily be ultimate real estate deal. to write it necessary so as to describe the final roles played, first by -- -- myct for their forbearer.

nephew, daniel carol. if these titles and names confuse you, one of the reasons we are here is because everybody is confused about who always people are. this is the 25-year-old owner of the 1400 acres where the capital itself is cited. this book follows the development and the enormous risks he took to create this

great monument to democracy. he paid for it. after the destruction of both his professional home and the early days of the founding of capitol hill, right where you are sitting, through the destruction of other key land and improved properties of his daniel caroll stood propertiesther his in 1814. he stood for the rebuilding and improvement of the area that is today, capitol hill. with the balance of his life. my personal hope is that this book will stand for the same

belief for all the early and building a better city, a better country and a better world. this is a special day for my co-authors and all of you who have worked hard to see this book published. also, for all of our descendents. there are a lot of them. those who value our founders positive vision and struggle to bring this great nation to life, may god bless all of us. [applause] donald: our next speaker is

william charles -- better known as chuck imbibed a deep appreciation of american history while growing up in the boston area during the bicentennial of the american revolution. he studied international affairs and modern european history at george -- georgetown university. before returning to washington dc and that other great bicentennial year when he joined the staff of the george washington university calls first federal congress project. that was another one of our founding fathers's commitments -- to higher education. chuck was one of the editors of the 22 volume documentary history of the federal congress. in 2015 he joined the historical

society as chief historian and vice president for education and scholarship. on scholarly interests focus constitutional history and the politics and history of the federalist area -- era. : thank you for enabling me to be part of this. ton john recruited me succeed him as chief historian, he did not say there was a book in the wings already. he brought me to the house for lunch and they lowered they with high caloric foods. they finally got me to see that this was a book that needed to be written. what was my role? i am a political historian. this takes place in the early republic.

we needed to tell the underlying story that made it possible for the proprietors to act on their self-interest for the public good as the general spoke to us about a few minutes ago. i hope you all read my essay in the book. it is an interpretation that medicinehe lessons of essayison's federal number 10. he said as long as you bring in stakeholders to a project or endeavor, the further you will promote the success of that endeavor. washington brought in those providers. he made sure they had a stake in the success of the city. i lead tof that story

my much more capable co-authors. i feel very proud to be able to work with them. school ack from grad long time ago. to share a title page with u2 is an absolute highlight of my life. thank you. [applause] don: our next speaker is don alexander hawkins. theegan mapping aspects of -- he has lectured widely on washington's beginnings. that is washington dc, not the president. he writes on his major unbuilt projects in washington history magazine.

he is preparing a publication for a book. don's contribution to the book includes a special section of maps. most of which he compiled andrew himself. there are some of them on display up at the room. you can see them when you look at the book. tells about -- tell us about your work on the maps. me and asked me to do a nap of some of the caroll family's attachment to the land, here. this is a book about family. it is a book about money. it is a book about building, it is about politics.

-- there is no other way of dealing with this. it is about space. this is about space in this area that we knew in all kinds of ways. i am really an architect. look when how things i was first starting washington formally. thesomething looks on ground, what its shape is, what the spaces like cannot be dealt with in any other way other than by drawing maps. you have to have a map. imagine somebody trying to describe -- take any map you have ever known. imagine somebody trying to describe something that is in that map. the matter how simple it really cannot be done. you have to have the diagram. i am lucky, i'm am the one who gets to draw the diagram.

if you're that kind of person, people like pam and chuck and caroll, when they come to me, i feel like they need me. because they do the work of finding out what is there. i hope that in reading this, i hope that you will realize that that's really help when you are reading about real estate or politics. plea for work for all mapmakers. i believe they are so much more peoplent than many think. ,hen pam got to the detailing she found more maps. enjoy the book. i have so much enjoyed the experience. as with every project i've ever been involved with, the other

people bring me stuff that i just could not have known in any other way. thank you, again. don has been a master. i'm sure the old phrase about hurting them came to mind some time when he was trying to get this going. said, that is a triumph among other things, thank you -- thank you. donald: as a dog lover, i was never into herding cats. stubborn my dog herd dogs. never what is the connection to capitol hill?

what is the connection to the caroll family? dunnington wasf the largest landowner. it was on his land that the capital building was situated. i don't want to steal any of caroll's thunder. caroll, one oft the first questions he asked me why is capitol hill referred to as jenkins hill when it was on caroll land? other people can tell you why jenkins --

our final panelist is pamela scott. this is an independent scholar that has been researching, teaching, lecturing and writing about the national capital's architecture history for more than four decades. i have no idea what she can do in her spare time. she does not have any. the capital has been the center of a research teaching and writing articles. these guys have all delved into the contributions of these key individuals. her exhibit at the library of congress resulted in her exploration of the capitals's -- capital's early architecture. pam's section of the book is the largest and the most detailed

history of the origins and development of capitol hill and the neighborhood. tell us a little bit about your work on the book. years caroll a few ago when he asked me to go through newspapers. i was looking for information on daniel caroll of dunnington. microfilm intense project. i was surprised at how much i learned. his name came up frequently. it was the beginning of this long interest in the early development of capitol hill of -- as a residential

neighborhood. the same names kept coming up in newspapers. these were the people who actually carried out the process the residential neighborhood around the capital itself. my view of history is that context is everything. everything inace the context of the place that they lived, what they did and the people they interacted with. that process has led me to a process of -- neglect anperil i interesting tidbit.

how to arrange thousands of coherent paper into a and meaningful story was the challenge. it took months to arrive at nine subject headings for my chapter in this book. all the while, new information was coming in as i searched to clarify what it is i already had. the first capitol hill in the carollintroduces daniel of dotting 10 -- dunnington. highbornmas law, a indian who came to america in 1790 or. -- 1794.

they married eliza. this was the eldest -- ddaughter it was her eldest granddaughter. his huge most of portion developing and promoting washington. he believed that every american would be interested in his new capital city. he enticed three members of jeffersons cabinet to live on capitol hill by offering them finer properties at lower rent president'sar the house. he changed the dynamic of capitol hill. boarding houses and hotels, churches, turnpikes and bridges,

the workinginvited population to buy shares and develop businesses. this african-american william carollworked for both and law, built houses for his family, one facing the capital square. he and his daughters lived in harmony. new information about washington's double house that costected at considerable to help develop the neighborhood for the accommodation of residencesow the

fared in august of 1814 when the firing of the capital destroyed it and some private properties. including washington's double house. his help to fill out the capitals neighborhood. these are the special challenges that they faced in the aftermath. home was one that was buildingsw office claimed their space. this is the tip of the iceberg in a much broader story that we hope to go on and continue with. thank you. [applause] don: let me ask this one follow-up question to pam. one thing you need to know about pam is that she never gives up.

subject, shes on a never stops researching. in your continuing research since the book went to press, what more new things have you learned that you can share with us today? pam: one of the most brutal but least known group of documents are the papers of congressman of the era. , accounts of various david i discovered that was the person that both caroll and law turned to to introduce to congress petitions on their behalf. also on behalf of other

residents of capitol hill. the district of columbia had no legal way to petition congress. legislationoduced robert's house. it was burned by the british. now, this is a very wonderful studies, many the institutions are not digitizing their documents and putting them up -- but in their availability up on the internet, on their webpages and inviting people to buy them or in some cases, actually have them sent to them. papers that among these

to a letter or letters thomas law's son. his name was john law. indian, educated at harvard university. in 1850, francis m carter.- francis ann during his career as a lawyer in washington, he often helped african-americans who were fighting for their liberty. he lost a lawsuit to alexander scott from maryland.

law said that he enslaved a free man whose mother was white. according to law, that african-american should have been free. he lost that lawsuit. he was fined $5,000. he was moved to indiana where for a couple of years he carried on various business arrangements. washington,rned to he applied as -- for the job of secretary of the senate but did not achieve it. he was so light in washington that in 1822, he was chosen to give the principal address belaying the cornerstone of city hall.

broad and much more complex and nuanced history that has yet to be explored. thank you. [applause] donald: we will open it up to questions from the audience. if you have a question, raise your hand to be identified. wait for c-span to bring the microphone to you. who has the first question? don't be shy. connie: i am connie carter, daughter of one of the authors. us carter, could you tell

what it was about that particular place of all of the land that could have been purchased or acquired that made it so attractive to become the si -- sighting for the capital? >> you want to know the eyes and shape. you want to know its elevation. in addition to that, you itscially want to know approach to water and drainage. also, the possibility for being

connected to other bodies of water. we are talking about the 1800s here. the shape of the land is very important. one would say that it is the .ost important characteristic it is the relationship to water, it is the elevation that the land is that. three, the extent to which the site lets you into other bodies of land. what am i rambling on about?

i'm saying there are a lot of having to does that are important. enough on that for now. courts exploring this -- this was woodland area, it had to be cleared. it is a pedestal in need of a monument. donald: do we have another question? anyone? yes. >> i would ask anyone of the

authors if they could briefly explain why it was called jenkins hill and not caroll hill? there was a jenkins family in the old area of the city that mostly seemed to rent land. this was not of carol's for, there was a plot in my minds eye. i think it may have been 60 acres or so, it was owned by a jenkins. this was a good half-mile away from carol hill. jenkins were around. generally agreed that the only reason we turn -- we use the term jenkins hill now is that the first few days he was

on the sight, he mentioned jenkins hill. he heard from somebody in there was that over jenkins hill. it was something sloppy that mistake. 225-year-old i have been through the papers in great detail. names asseveral place well as the names of streams and so worth that we don't otherwise know about. about very well informed how to describe this whole area in terms of those current names. he does what became of greenleaf point. he referred to the eastern part

of it has carroll point and the -- rn part of it as >> was he misinformed about the name of the health -- hill? jenkins it was called hill at the time. capitol hill is a hill but then it is a plateau. the land that he thought of was that entire help, not just where the capital is located but the plateau behind it. it was called jenkins hill. carroll: i am interrupting. pam. you for that, this is a fine art.

there is a description in the on why it is called jenkins hill. others doingwith this kind of work. talking about the land in this was up by the potomac river. as he progressed toward this woods area, he was not familiar with it and so on. he comes along and goes in to a nearby farm and says can you tell me who on this land? back -- whomes

owns this land? carroll.r comes back there is something like 100 acres. up there.ot right it is a square plot. ofis set in a number property owners that homeland -- own land on a parcel of that -- of the countryside the question was asked -- who owns this? jenkins.r came back why was that?

right there, there was a 100 acre plot that was surveyed and was owned or occupied by a jenkins. how did yousked get here? it was a name of convenience that casual comers to the land .sed in connection sorry for the convoluted answer. it is as it is. we have some maps that we had made. this was especially to help people with this kind of question. is this one of them?

we went ahead and size the value of the map. jenkins was here. it was rented over there. ca -- carroll: it is that sort of thing you are confronted with here. >> this is about his relationships with the carroll family, charles carroll, daniel creek -- rock >> why would you have an interest in that? >> only because i am related to charles carroll carter and i am jr.les carroll carter know that i knew

that. he was one of the 56 men who pledged everything. i could go individually amongst the three daniels but all of them were by -- fine, upstanding individuals. all of them were my contemporaries. it were well-respected gentlemen. that they didu selfless public service. to this negotiation with them, it did not work out particularly well for all of them. i believe that in many respects, it is the height of selfless public service that is being displayed by this family in general.

donald: if there are no other questions, i think i will close by saying that this is the kind of question that i would have asked but in reverse. what was the reading of the relationship between the carrolls and the president? there is a famous story about a conflict between daniel carroll and peter. this was about one of the houses he was building. he ordered his workment t -- workmen to dismantle the structure. i won't tell you anything about that other than george

washington gets involved. you can read mr. washington's correspondence about this in the book. a photocopy ofe be letter so that you can certain of our sources. [applause] >> i hope you all enjoyed the commentary about the book as much as i have tonight. i encourage you to take the time to meet the authors and purchase the book and prepare to join one of our capitol hill tors. i think you all for coming tonight on behalf of the capital , for your society support of our work and your support of this book. thank you so much. [applause]

1968, nine week series -- america in turmoil is available as a podcast. you can find it on our website c-span.org/history. this is american history tv, only on c-span3. interview, we elizabeth haas regarding the impact of the spanish missions on the native people of california during the late 1700s. we spoke with her in sacramento, california. this is about 15 minutes. steve: elizabeth haas is a professor of history. at uc santa cruz. let's talk about your book and your presentation here