bowfboth in -- uss the summaryi and was nicknamed the pearl harbor avenger. at --look where the japanese signed document's of unconditional surrender, ending world war ii. >> the battleship missouri -- 50 flagship, marking the complete and formal surrender of japan. tokyo, the united states destroyer comes alongside, bringing representatives of the allied powers.

douglasof the army macarthur, supreme commander for , --occupation of japan admiral escorts general macarthur to the deck, where the ceremonies to take place. 1945.sunday, september 2, we are on the 01 level of the battleship missouri, also known veranda deck. ofnks to the events september 2, 19 45, we call this the surrender deck. the japanese signed the unconditional surrender ending world war ii. the plaque just behind is where the table sat that day. the ship looks different. a nice shady canopy overhead was not installed.

and the turn it behind me was rotated 30 degrees to starboard to make room for the officials that would be on board. you would have seen thousands of troopmbers of the misery hanging on anything they could, trying to get a glimpse of what was to occur. at nine in the morning, the japanese delegation were making their way on board. there were 11 of them that made their way up the ladder behind me. on the deck at 9:02 in the morning, general douglas and the admirals decided to start the ceremony. the first person to sign the surrender document would have itsu.mr. shigemu the third person would be general much douglas -- general douglas macarthur himself. he did not represent the united states. that would be the fourth person to sign.

nimitz. m there are two copies of the surrender documents. what japan, so, we do not display the originals, for obvious reasons. we have replicas on board. the originals are in the national archives in washington, d.c. and a war museum in tokyo. have a replica of one of macarthur's pens. he used six to sign a document, which sounds a bit strange. he chose to use sixpence for arthur, for aand very simple reason that we still do today if you look at with important laws. he wanted to give these pens away as souvenirs. following the last signature, he stepped up to a microphone and said simply, these proceedings are closed. thousand signal and a

allied aircraft flew in formation. from the beginning at the ceremony at nine or two bam, to the end, was -- the beginning of the ceremony at 9:02, to the end was 20 minutes. now we are back on the uss missouri. we have come to recognize this part of the ship for an event that happened in world war ii. it is a touching event and it tells you a lot about the ship and its crew, particularly its commanding officer. battle of okinawa, the last great naval battle of the war, the missouri was under, causing attack. that nowe is a word means a lot in the united states and other allied countries. it has a lot of feelings attached to it because of world war ii, but the word is far older. it dates back to the 13th century when japan thought itself under threat of an vacation -- of invasion.

wiped up by a typhoon, which was seen as a divine intervention, kamikaze means divine wind. day, the pilot was spotted 7000 yards off the starboard side where we are standing. he came in low. the missouri's guns fired on the comic ozzy, hitting him a few times but he came in and at 14 14:42, he slammed into the side. of hisy, the left wing plane, the fuselage and the bonds he was carrying fell into the ocean. they did not cause any harm to the missouri or the crew. the bomb did not detonate. the right wing flew onto the missouri, it's billed aviation

fuel as far forward as the surrender deck and caught fire. some thought she was sinking but her crew was so good in a response that they put the fire out in minutes. they found no one from the miseries crew had been killed in there on the a few injuries. as they began to clean up the wreckage they found the body of the pilot. the ships first commanding officer after finding that the pilot's body had landed on board made the order to take the pilot body below decks to prepare it for a full military funeral. you can imagine members of the crew were not happy, but they respected their commanding officer and followed through. that night, several members of the crew stayed up and hand sewed a japanese rising sun insignia because you must be buried below the fight of your country in a military funeral. the next morning, there was a

funeral held for the pilot. the bodytood holding of the pilot. the captain said a dead enemy is no longer your enemy. at 9:00 in the morning, the chaplin said simply, commit his body to the deep. not many people have heard this story even though we like to tell it here and the reason is a got no press coverage. becausealked about it april 12, 1945, the day of the funeral was the day president roosevelt died. harry s truman was sworn in as president. inside the cabin on the missouri, a very large space, well decorated and it is for the captain of the missouri when the ship is import or when he has visiting dignitaries and needs to act as a diplomat. the uss missouri memorial

association has a large collection, a large part has been donated by former crewmembers. the collection spans from the turn of the century with the original battleship missouri to the currentay with uss missouri simmering. we have pulled out some artifacts for display. the two you see here are very important pieces of the ship's history. ship's history. there but fragments of the kamikaze plane that hit the missouri in 1945. the piece on the left still has factory paint on it, whether the piece on the right was painted. you have two very different pieces of the plane here and they have very different lives, but they both ended up here on the missouri. the next few things we have on display are from the kamikaze attack in the 1940's. these two artifacts are pieces from something larger and they

were both recovered by two members of each division, which is the medical division on board the missouri. when the captain gave the order after the kamikaze attack to , theyhe pilot down below brought the body down and prepared it for a funeral. at some point, in the process, officer came upon to fragments of the scarf that i was wearing and we have them here. and this onesmall from the medical officer is quite large. now, they both bear the same pattern. it is a very faint floral pattern in addition to the oil and things you can see. there are two of our most fragile artifacts, and in the coming year, as we redo our display for the 75th anniversary

of the attack, one of these fragments will go on display to the general public. for now, they are so fragile but keep them in a climate controlled area. important set of artifacts we have on the ship are known as surrender cards. they are given to crew of the missouri who were on board for the surrender ceremony as a way to verify and for them to prove that they were on board. each one is signed if you look here by it is signed the fleet admiral and you also get the captain, commanding officer. he also get douglas macarthur's signature. then it bears the name of each individual crew member. we have only a handful of them. they are incredibly rare and

incredibly important to telling the story of the surrender aboard the missouri. the next two documents we have actually show the timing for september 2, 1945. they record each person coming on board to when the ceremony ends at 925:00 and when each person leaves as well. at notice the ceremony ends 9:25 and the officials have left by 9:29. a have seen how detailed battleship schedule and plan can be. one thing we have are the plans of the day. they detail everything that will happen down to exact times. from august 30, 1945 that bears a line written by the ships second in command that is incredibly telling and bears the weight of what was about to happen in a few days time on

board. the energy,ave ability and strength to prepare for and put on a glorious show for the grand finale. if each of us does all he can in this last push, then as i said long ago before the commissioning, when our grandchildren gather around and say what did you do during the great war, we will all answer simply, i was on the missouri. the uss missouri is bowed by the uss arizona. in world war ii, the start for the americans was the attack on pro-harbor. for the americans and the rest of the world, the final end of world war ii was the surrender ceremony september 2 aboard the missouri. by having the missouri here in pearl harbor, we have the book ends for the united states. the beginning on the arizona and the end on the missouri. gunsss missouri's 16 inch

pointed symbolically over that ship. she is able to stand watch over those sailors forever entombed in the arizona's hall. announcer 1: our cities tour staffers in the travel to hawaii to learn about its rich history. learn more about hawaii and other stops on our tour at our website. you are watching american history tv all weekend every weekend on c-span3. sunday night, yell university historian joanne freeman on her book, the field of blood, violence in congress and the road to civil war. >> you end up with scores of .ongressman in a mass brawl in and of itself its germanic. guys throwing punches and throwing spit tunes. what was really interesting to

me was people at the time looked at it and aside a group of northerners and southerners armed, running at each other in the house of representatives and several said, this doesn't look like a normal congressional fight. this looks like north against south. this looks like a battle. that is really striking. indeed, it certainly did look like a battle and it wasn't that long before the civil war. announcer 1: sunday night at 8:00 eastern on c-span's q&a. honolulu is wise capital city. locating on the island of water, is the largest city in the state with about 350,000 residents. up next, we continue our special look at hawaii with a visit to the state capital. alone. i'm the majority leader of the hawaiian state senate and i want to welcome you all to hawaii.

and to a brief tour of our capital. the hawaiian history is very unique in america, we were an independent monarchy, then a provisional government, then a republic, then a territory and now a state. behind us is the first state capital of hawaii, which was the palace, a royal palace, then it became the seat of the provisional government of hawaii, then the seat of the territorial government, then went hawaii became a state of until he joined the union, from 68, this was the state capital. the senate sat in the throne room, the representatives sat in the dining room on the opposite side and around the building were add-ons for the officers. .his is the first state capital on the palace grounds where the

ands and queens of hawaii today is used for the inauguration of our governor. our governors take the oath of office and we also have the military barracks on the palace grounds. this was moved here when they built the new capital, which will be going to any few minutes. they moved that barracks of brick by brick, rebuilt it here on the palace grounds to preserve it so they could build the new capital in the 1960's. follow me this way and we will head out for the new capital. gatee coming to the palace and i would like to point out to arms, theyal code of seal of the kingdom of hawaii. this was the king and his two uncles. wind and ofhe cape

course, the motto of the kingdom of hawaii. the life of the land is preserved in righteousness. the stripes of the hawaiian flag , these were to signify a certain area, all of this supporting the crown of hawaii. the state seal it evolved from his coat of arms. on the palace grounds is in modern times the hawaiian flag, not the american flag and we arms use the royal coat of on this piece of property. as we come out of the palace entering thee to modern era, we come to the new state capital. in capital was finished 1969, opened in 1969. it was built to symbolize the

island of hawaii. if you look at it carefully, you can see it is completely surrounded by water, and this is brackish water from the spring's underground here. completely surrounded by water to symbolize that we are an island state, we are always surrounded by water. water is integrated into everything we do. the columns represent coconut trees. one of the stables of life in hawaii. if you look at it, it you can see the coconut branches at the top. there are eight columns going and eight across. this is significant, because of the eight major hawaiian islands represented by the columns. the state of hawaii has 132 islands. the northern islands are uninhabited islands, but the sevenrn islands are inhabited, one uninhabited, each

were presented on one of these columns. up, you will see the new seal of the state of hawaii, which is based on the coat of arms of the kingdom of hawaii. from here, we're going to walk over and stop at the queens statue. a memorial to the last queen of hawaii. then we will start going into the capital and i will show you the rest of the building. the palace between and the new capital building and between them, we have a statue of the last monarch of hawaii. she passed away in 1917, but she was overthrown in 1893 by american forces. american military landed and surrounded the government building. part of what was going on was she was holding the constitution creation chalice in native hawaiian and a song that she wrote.

she was trying to restore the civil rights of the hawaiian people. her brother, the king was forced to sign a constitution in 1887 call the bayonet constitution as they surrounded him and pointed bayonets at him to make them sign the constitution. it struck the civil rights of native hawaiians from voting, persuading in government. when the queen ascended the throne in 1891, her promise to the people was that she would restore their civil rights. holdingstitution she is was restoring the civil rights of the native hawaiian people. american and western sugar planters were not happy with that idea, so that is what triggered the landing of american troops and the takeover of the government. statute in many ways represents the transition from our ancient system with the queen to a modern democracy and

it is ironic that she was overthrown for trying to restore democracy and civil rights to her own people. and thatthe queen here is why she is given this central spot between the palace and the new capital building as a reminder of our past and a reminder of what hawaii went through. also a reminder of the great love that the orion people had for their monarch in the queen. i want to welcome you now to the center of the line state capital. this is the rotunda area in the public square. it is completely even with the streets. if you look at it, everything is wide open. everybody can come in here. it is built to be accessible by the public to read highly used by the public. we are very unique as a state capital in that we do not have a dome. the architect when they were

building this decided that instead of a dome, like a volcano, everything comes from the chambers up five floors to the governor's office and then out to the people. we have a wide open sky as the dome and we have this piece of aquarius andalled about one million pieces here are supposed to be a reflection of the sky on water. it is to show that the balance of the heavens and the earth and the balance of as if above so below. everything has to be in balance. is one red piece in this that the artist put in. that is what the book i'm here to find the red piece. the state hawaii capital is built to be open. it is built to be accessible. now we have come into the senate chambers at the capital in

honolulu and the chambers are very unique. it is shaped like a volcano, like an island and if you look at the chamber, we're actually underground. people sit on the ground level, they can come in and say above the senators. that was specifically built to remind the senators that we work for the people and to allow the people the opportunity to observe all of the proceedings. the chamber is very unique in that it represents the ocean and the moon. the chandelier in the middle is made up of 600 or more nautilus shells and represents the moon. the tapestry behind that is reminiscent of the moon coming across the ocean from the south pacific, how the polynesians came to the island.

we have a blue carpet which represents the calming effect of the ocean and the moon. chambers directly opposite us, everything is red, a tapestry in the background representing the volcanoes and the fires. the idea is that the two-year term in the lower house deals with the heat of the moment issues. the senate is a more calling, cooling effect and together, we make one. all of the furniture is made out hardwood.ous hawaiian today would be a most impossible to find enough wood to do this. it is a very valuable wood. the chambers itself is very large and it is built to carry the voice. must whisper on this side and here it on the other end of the room.

in 1959ecame a state and we were admitted to the union as a package member. there are two territories that at the time eligible for statehood. alaska and hawaii. alaska was democratic, hawaii was republican, so the debate in congress at the time was the balance of power. they couldn't admit one without admitting the other, because to public and senators, two democratic senators would keep the same balance of power. what they didn't expect was for alaska to turn republican and hawaii to turn democratic. that is what happened. just before statehood, the party politics switched. hawaii went democratic, alaska went republican, but again it did not change the balance of power on a national level, so but states were admitted. as we talked about earlier, from ,he palace coming over to hear the senate evolved from the

house of nobles in the kingdom of hawaii. after the american takeover, the current room became the senate chambers and so, we have sort of followed from their from the republicinto a modern and into part of the united states. hawaii still has the notion of the house of nobles. the house of representatives came from the house of commons. interesting fact for hawaii is that our common law is actually british common law because we were independent and we followed the british system before that. when you look at common law in hawaii, people from north america would say, the common law is different, because we are actually british based. the beginning of statehood for hawaii, the embrace the idea of democracy and one of the most

significant ones was the early 19 centuries, hawaii adopted the health care act, which many years later, the federal government copied and it became obamacare. prepaid medical for everyone in hawaii and i was put in place in the 1970's. president obama used this as a model to create the national healthcare system that was in place then and is trying to be dismantled now. we wouldave said is like to maintain we originally had. we had it before the federal legislation and if it should go away, we want it to remain. hawaii was one of the first states to legalize abortion and that was in the late, right after roe v. wade. they quickly adopted the legislation here and we were one

of the first to adopt it. hawaii tells me -- hawaii was really advanced at the time in social policy and multicultural policy. able to have workers rights, union rights, sick leave and family leave earlier. today, gender equality, marriage equality, now we are talking about housing equality. talk aboutople nondiscrimination in housing. ofcan still have the ideals a vibrant democracy alive here in the state legislature. the native hawaiians are not recognized by the federal government. like most american indian tribes, their recognized and

they have a government relationship that the federal government, not in hawaii. 1978,le things we did in there was a constitutional convention, we created a fourth branch of government. is the officench of hawaiian affairs. the office of hawaiian affairs is setup up to look after the interests of the native hawaiians, look over the former crown lands and make sure the revenues off of those lands belong to the native hawaiians. cultural issues, language issues, hawaii guarantees to languages. .ou have hawaiian and english for example, our orders of the day is issued in hawaiian and english. first then english. anyone can come and testify in

hawaiian or english. banks and hawaii will accept checks written in hawaiian and english and bank of hawaii, if you go to their machines, they have five different linkages. , andse, japanese, english hawaiian. hawaii is the southernmost state in the united states. people from this south say, we're the south. actually, we are the south. we are way, way south. that is the thing about hawaii. we are the most remote landmass anywhere on the planet. anywhere on the whole planet. hourt to hawaii is a five flight from anywhere. by ship, three or four days. we are isolated. like i said, when you got here, you realize how different this place is. violence thatf are dependent on the outside for

everything. we are dependent for food, power and electricity, all of the built structures around, everything is imported. that is the thing that most people when they come here, the first thing they realize is this is a different place. it feels that the rest of the country, the same currency, same language, same forms of government, but it is different. something is different. it is our extreme isolation. for us to be a vibrant and healthy society, we have become a lot more self-sufficient. we are looking at that. hawaii, our goal is 100% energy within the next 20 years. we are on our way. we are starting to innovate and come up with ways to do that. looking at food, same thing, how can we create food independence? how do we use better materials

and cheaper materials so we don't have to import? for someone visiting for the first time, understanding that hawaii is a unique culture, a unique place, a unique history and we are one of the many shades of the american society. announcer 1: our cities tour staffers and travel to hawaii to learn about its rich history. learn more about hawaii and other stops on our tour at /citiestour. you are watching american history tv all weekend every weekend on c-span3. next on history bookshelf, the book countdown to pearl harbor, the 12 days to the attack, in which he provides a

history of the 12 days leading up to the japanese attack on pearl harbor on december 7, 1941. this was recorded at the roosevelt reading festival at the fdr presidential library and museum in 2017. it is about 45 minutes. >> good morning. welcome to the annual roosevelt reading festival. we have an incredible day, 15 authors, we will get started with one of our headliners but first i will go over a few housekeeping details. the program format is there is a 30 minute authors talk, then a 10 minute question and answer iod, then the author will