war mongerer, even though he pretends he's not. host: and what about leader pelosi, now speaker pelosi once again? >> i think she would be very proud of speaker pelosi and they would work together. they have very similar political aims. chisholm was on the left of the progressive wing of the democratic party, as is speaker pelosi. host: barbara winslow, thank you for your time. >> thank you. this was great. announcer: interested in american history? visit our website. tv schedule,our preview programs and watch college lectures, chores, films, and more. american history tv at c-span.org/history. year, c-span is touring cities across the country, exploring american history.

next, a visit to independence, missouri. you are watching american history tv, all weekend, every weekend on c-span3. >> come on. while in independence, we took a wet again tour of the city with historian ralph goldsmith of pioneer trails adventures. >> thank you so much. we are doing something a little different. tour, wef a driving are doing a covered wagon tour. what is the significance? >> this is the original motorhome right here, this is what pioneers traveled in. >> this is where the trail system began? >> right. stopped. the buck >> who do we have? >> frank and anne. >> what are we going to see?

>> we are going to see a civil war battle and explain how frank james ended up in jail and explain how the border war began between kansas and missouri. let's go. come on, mule. here we go. right across the street over there where i picked you up is the jail and marshall's home. i am going to be referring to this building. right over there is where they help frank james. frank and jesse were the most they got awayaws, with it from all 16 years. that is where they help frank james. they also hold a man named ll, the man who burned kansas to the ground during the civil war. .t is also a dramatic jailbreak on august 11, 1862, william and

his raiders make a charge in daybreak, roque into that jail and they freed 39 men. those were being jailed in there because they would not sign a loyalty oath to the union. martial law was to cleared in the state been. you had to sign -- state then. you had to sign. the 1880's, 1880 two, is when they help frank. 1882, is when they help frank. the jail door was never locked. the most notorious outlaw of our nation. here we go. you do realize, we cannot do a tour without talking about a man by the name of harry s truman. he had a line on his desk, what

did it say? >> the buck stops here. >> i'm going to show you where began. it is called clinton's soda fountain today. it is where harry truman had his first job. he opened up the store at 6:30 a the morning and made $3 week. he worked before school and after school, all day saturday. his father made him quit working there because he was only 14. he was afraid he would get behind on school work. here comes his statue. did you know some of the local folks think the statue is inappropriate. >> why? >> look at it. hat on.not have his he had only been vice president 82 days when roosevelt passed away. he was summoned.

he went back into his office and picked up his hat first. gentlemen do not go without their hats. harry truman had a hand in the lovely court house there. he helped get the bond passed to get it rebuilt. he traveled in his own car, at his own expense, looking at buildings before deciding on this design. this is designed after independence hall in philadelphia where the declaration of independence was signed. mississippi, the built in 1827, 191 years ago. i do have the papers, the records, and the documents. the man who built this sam.house, his name was shepherd.

those are black trees. bugs do not like that kind of wood. shepherd square those up master county paid his $150. that is right, sam shepard was a slave. his master got the money. right up there, where we just left, that is the same location they bought and sold people. a lot of the original trappers and traders wanted to call this calledunty after rivers the little blue and big blue. settlers, they moved up, brought their slaves and the plantation mentality with him. they named it jackson county. battles -- more civil war battles were fought in

missouri except for any other state except for virgin yen tennessee. -- except for virginia and tennessee. in second battle was october, 1864. general sterling price came up , then gotansas whipped in westport headed back down south. general price was a two-term governor of the state of missouri before the civil war. that means a governor attacking his own state. what put him in this position was the union army out of st. louis, missouri into jefferson city and they ran the elected legislature out of our statehouse before they could secede from the union. when that happened, they declared martial law in the state. mr. price took control of the militia and proper the confederacy.

our legislature went into arkansas, seceded from the union , but was never recognized or official. we are headed to the city limits of independence. here we go. give me a yee haa. this is the city limits of independence in 1845, ruby avenue. some folks think it was named after a lady named ruby. it was named after a colonel named ruby who own the farm. he cut this road originally at ground level so he could sell on the south side of the road to some of the four men who work for the flour mill. truman'so bess

workplace. desperate place. it is privately owned. birthplace.-- it is privately owned. the mansion, the city owns this property. they get tourists through daily. the original furnishings still in the home. 1845, it was nearly the busiest year. 1848-1849, the gold rush years, they claim there were three square miles around our city nothing but people camped getting ready to go west. they claim there were 80,000 of these people headed west during alone. one of the latest on terry migrations in the history of man. -- voluntary migrations in the history of man.

this is the reason the city is as historic as possible. if we travel down this road, the ground on the left side get higher, the same on the right. the valley in the middle, that was not put there by a road crew. whenever wagon traffic came through here. >> what trails? >> santa fe-oregon trail. i want you to notice the road is going to start getting lower and the banks are starting to get higher. the valley has a name, it is called a wagon sawale. this in the middle was all wallowed out by those wagons coming through here.

this was the wagner gaetz flour mill. today is is -- it is the national front -- frontiers trailed museum. you the onesl tell who trade made it and the ones who cursed did not. now, i would like you to look through the trees. you will see a building with green. chicagol be the 1879 railroad depot. that is the train station that frank james steps off on when the governor escorted him to independence to stand trial. turned himselfs in after jesse had been shot in the back by one of his own men, there was a mob that wanted to hang frank james. the governor was true to frank.

he says, you will receive the same trial as the president's son would receive. the governor escorted frank james from jefferson city to that train station and from there, to that jail. do you know what the locals did? they through a dinner in his honor and he was acquitted of all charges. their homes, their barns, their businesses burned to the ground. theour daddy had fox for confederate army, after the war, he could get a pardon and reclaim his land. he has to pay taxes immediately to keep it, three years worth of taxes. your dad or any other southerner could keep property, they had to go to eg and try toak

put a crop in the ground. you had carpet baggers, , started bribing bankers to foreclose to kick these others off their land a second time. as frank and jesse were robbing these banks, these people were going, yeah. cannot prove they paid a dime of anybody's taxes. it made no difference whatsoever. they were taking advantage of the people they felt were taking advantage of them. they consider them robin hood ds. they had cardplaying games every night. the door was never locked. >> we have seen all of these spots here. why do you think it is important

to know about the history of this sound? >> it -- of this town? >> it illustrates what can happen. in the same sense, it can illustrate some of the most horrible things that happened. when you start taking revenge against someone you feel has done something wrong to you, it can get crazy. >> thank you so much for taking the time to show us around. our cities tour staff recently traveled to independence, missouri to learn about its history. learn more about stops on our tour.t c-span.org/cities you are watching american history tv, all weekend, every weekend, on c-span3. >> next, on the civil war author , and former jurist frank williams looks at the question

facing union leaders in the postwar era. should ex-confederates receive pardons? he discusses president andrew johnson's lenient approach after abraham lincoln's assassination . he also talks about the cases of former confederate president jefferson davis and general robert e lee, both of whom avoided prosecution, as well as that of henry wirz, the andersonville prison commander who was executed. this program from the annual lincoln forum symposium is about 45 minutes. >> good morning, everyone. i am harold holzer, cochair of the lincoln forum, sitting in this morning for the long lost, unaccounted for joe fornieri. [laughter] i am sure he will make a dramatic entrance at some point this morning. but i get to introduce the next speaker. you all know him.