right here. >> at 6:30 pm on oral histories, veteran david roderick talks about landing on utah beach. >> when they show d-day, they usually talk about omaha and the carnage there, which there certainly was. but they make it look like we didn't have any difficulty. and the fourth division lost there, right on the beach at d-day. the next day, when we atta cked, we lost 50% of our men within three or four days. >> this weekend on american history tv, on c-span3. 1970, president richard nixon developed the latest national policy toward native americans, tribal self-determination. to tribes byonomy allowing indians to control

their own affairs and be independent of federal oversight, without being cut off from federal support. melendez, chairman of the reno-sparks indian colony in independence, health care for native americans and the relationship with federal, state and tribal governments. >> many tribes have large land bases, but in nevada most of the tribes have small land bases, most of them referred to as colonies. in california they are referred and in nevadaas, they are colonies, but they have the same status as reservations. there is no difference, they are just smaller. that,1917, even before nd other paiutes a people were in the truckee

meadows valley in reno-sparks, they would camp along the truckee river. there are historic camps along s andiver where paitue washo camps, areas where they were encamped. there was a movement by some of the townspeople to support an indian reservation, because they indians camped at different areas. the idea was if you put them in a place, you could keep an eye on them. this area the, in many people came to reno-sparks for jobs. paiute tribes, about 30 minutes from here also came to work. the women did housework, those

types of jobs for some of the people here. most of the men did agricultural work, working in different, all the different agricultural types, picking different vegetables or whatever. so basically our tribe was started mainly because of economic opportunities in the truckee meadow, how our tribe basically started. our governing body, first established under the indian 34-35,nization act of 19 basically allowed us to have a tribal constitution, which was basically written by not the tribe itself, but many tribes received the same constitution. we made improvements to that over the years with a number of amendments. that document lays out the role of the tribal council, our

duties, how many councilmembers we have, and also has a certain basic rights -- the certain basic rights, civil rights of our members. section that tells us who the tribal members are. how you become a tribal member. by degree of indian blood. tribes in one, so that is a little different from many tribes that just have one tribe. federalnize the government has entrusted responsibility to indian tribes, as sovereigned, justicedefined by chief marshall in the 1800s, 18 30's i believe. so we have held the federal government accountable for its

responsibility, through services, and mainly because of the taking of millions of acres of land that tribes gave up in exchange for federal government providing for health care, providing for a certain amount of funding for programs, you know? everything from essential government services, law enfor systems, tribal court social service systems. so the federal government has a certain amount of what they call trust responsibility to native american tribes. 570 tribes nowr that are federally recognized. act,ndian reorganization we were at that time what you would call a federally recognized tribe, where the federal government recognized us, and tribes would contend we

didn't have to be recognized by anyone, we were here from time immemorial and we didn't need someone else to recognize us. w, tribalment, you kno people have always met in tribal councils prior to the indian we organization act. so there wasn't anything new, just kind of taking on the european style of government. i think we've kind of grown over changing times n era of what in a they term self-determination. one of the challenges to tribes was the paternalistic idea that the federal government had to do everything for tribes. at the time of richard nixon, the johnson-nixon era, we came into the idea of self-determination, and that act was passed to give the tribes

more responsibility rather than the federal government doing all these things for us. that is when we saw this transition into powe empowerment for tribes to live self-determined. in this era of self-governance where tribes basically contracted for the funding, but the programs themselves. they hired their own people. they hired who they wanted to hire, and didn't have to use indian health service employees. some tribes still do that today, but are health care receives a self-governance funding and we run the health center ourselves with a certain amount of federal funding. so i think we have come a long way. our strength is that we are so all we the city, have to do is buy properties and

bring businesses into the tribe. in rural nevada, you might not be able to woo any businesses. so the strength of us was recognizing, what are our strengths? do we have a stable tribal government? the banks want to know how stable you are. are you changing a chairman every year. so if you have stable tribal leadership, a stable tribal council. experience, and some new people who can learn from the people that are on there. so tribal government that is stable is another strength. what would our weaknesses be? well, there's weaknesses of legislation that could change. for example, with taxes, there was talk in nevada, where we sell tangible products like tobacco, automobiles. if the state of nevada goes to a different tax, something dealing

with non-tangible products, coming up with different taxation schemes. said,, we will lower the sales tax from 7% to 5%. we would lose a couple million dollars if they did that, and tried to institute a service tax or something like that. that's why we don't do insurance companies. if we brought in insurance companies they would not be any tax, because it is not selling a tangible product. so anytime the state changes the taxation scheme, our lobbyists have to be at the table saying, because if they lower the sales tax, we will lose a bunch of money. those are why we have lobbyists at the federal level in congress, but also the same thing at the legislature which we do today. we look at bills that could be detrimental to us, and oppose them. so the future looks pretty good.

i think the tribe is in a really good position. >> our cities tour staff recently traveled to reno, nevada to learn more about its rich history. to learn more, visit www.c-span.org/citiestour. you're watching american history tv, all weekend, every weekend on c-span3. i see something like that, i can only see that from her perspective. i had a lot of people pray for me similarly. as a christian, i believe christianity has a long tradition of divine healing so i certainly don't think it is not possible for god to heal people. divinity on q&a, duke school assistant professor and prosperity gospel scholar kate boler talks about her memoir

"everything happens for a reason," reflecting on being onagnosed with stage 4 col cancer at age 35. >> it is really gone? no pain in your stomach? ok. that is real. >> but you can see how quickly he moved from praying for her, as the anointed vessel of god, and his confidence in himself as that vehicle. and then the idea that because she didn't have pain in that moment that she's definitely healed. his very dramatic approach to faith healing is one i often found to be somewhat manipulative. >> human day, sunday night at 8:00 eastern on c-span. lonnie bunchweek, was elected 14 secretary of the smithsonian by decent sony and board of regents. he's the first -- by the

mid-sony and board of regents. he's the first african american and first historian to take the post. he is the founding director of easement sony and african-american history of museum and culture on the national mall. earlier this year he talked about how he sees his job as a museum director. >> i was associate director in charge of the curators at the museum of american history. i was called before congress. the question one member of congress asked me, can somebody african-american be in charge of america's history? and i was so offended by that notion that i can only note one aspect of it. i realized what i wanted to do, make sure i understood the fullness of the american experience and that i could bring that to bear. so the opportunity to do an exhibition on the american presidency, an exhibition still up at the museum of

american history, it was an amazing opportunity, because it allowed me to think about america writ large. nothing more quintessentially american dan understanding how presidents shape a country and how country shapes a president. that reminded me, thi sis a --

that is the way a leader goes. 14th secretary of smithsonian, this week. and you can watch that program and others by searching his name

n our website, c-span.org-history this, is l erican history tv, al weekend, every weekend, on c-span 3. >> hechlt on the civil war, jennifer weber tells about her "copperheads", the rise and fall of lincoln's opponents the north this, is part of a conference hosted by shenandoah university's civil war institute. >> there a lot of great things about institute and having the great pleasure to work at d one doah university an neat thing about the institute historians, there are so many civil historians that nd had great work a times, you never get to meet them and you can only admire war. from a i've been familiar with jennifer