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resettle my families as well. these are dark days for america. because these are dark days for immigrants to this country, those seeking refugee status or

asylum, those who are undocumented aliens, or even those helping them. let's not forget that the fits assassin killed 11 jews at the tree of life synagogue to retaliate against the life saving refugee work. our country has been in this circumstance is the of hell before. think of the very antiimmigrant no nothing party in the 1840s. the chinese exclusion act of 1882, the 1924 racist quota law aimed the immigrants in europe and the refusal to provide sanctuary to people fleeing hitler and the failure to open its doors wide at that time. today's antiimmigrant and anti-foreign afury shows progress is not inevitable. over the past two and a half years, we have hurdled backwards as a nation repeating some of

the cruellest, most bigoted moments in our history. this has no shame. it is bold and brazen. tryings to shut down immigration for majority countries. the bigotry cull my vated in the policy at the highest levels of the government. without developing means to reunite them. taking children from parents who haven't harmed the children is kidnapping plain and simple. us be thousands of children still have not been reconnected with their families. where was the resistance within our own government to the orders for kidnapping who has been punished for it, why are

children still separated. i resign from the council over that horrific policy. but that's not all children on thatrd boor have been held by the government in cages. three children have died in u.s. custody. now recreational opportunities in english language training are being taken from unaccompanied minors. every day we learn of new forms of malicious policies visited by our own government on refugees and immigrants. and americans are victims too direct ly in a larger way we suffer from being -- we suffer from this policy. but just an example a woman was recently arrested for giving some water to three thirsty mexican boys on the roadside. the heartless conduct today is

exactly what our government condemned in the countries of southeast asia during the exodus. i feel so passionately about this because they came as refugees in 1920 they fled from the ukraine and the communist takeover. my mother was thrown out of school because she was born into the family. they were hoping to find a path to a decent life. but if my mom and my family arrived here just a few years later, the doors of this country might have been shut to them because of the racist quotas. i'm forever grateful they had this opportunity, but too much of this country is not grateful for foreigners who came here, although all americans except native americans came here

willingly or in chains or are descendants of those who did. too many immigrants and refugees as a threat not a resource. they see the differences, not our common humanity. they are blind to the striving, the idealism of many refugees and immigrants who see the promise of america. the refugees don't see an america that needs to be made great again. thsz why we need to revisit and celebrate the refugee act. it shows a very different america. the china refugee crisis, which prompted the 1980 act was in full swing when i became chair of the immigration subcommittee in 1979. to understand the problem firsthand, i traveled many times to southeast asia sloging through dozens of refugee camps, talking to refugees and government officials in every effective country.

my heart went out to the people among them were generally escaping political persecution because they work for the u.s. during the war. but the vietnamese government engaged in ethnic cleansing expelling chinese who lived in vietnam. most fled in small unsea worthy boats, risking capsizing and attacks by pirates. even if the refugees reached a neighboring country, they could be pushed back out to sea by the governments that didn't want to accept them. in stark contrast to today the u.s. government led the world in solving the problem. first, it urged countries boarding on vietnam not to push the refugees back out to sea. think about that. telling them to be patient and that the u.s. would work to get other countries to resettle the

refugees. next an international conference was held in geneva because the u.s. agreed to accept a large number of refugees and set an example, set an example other countries followed suit. almost all the refugees were resettled in one of the most successful efforts of its kind in history. maybe the most successful and deserves huge credit for that. all of us can be proud of our country's role. the boat people crisis also prompted the passage of the refugee act of 1980. the act, as you have heard, created a permanent framework for the refugees into the u.s. including a mechanism for annual admission. before that admission was largely on an ad hoc basis. as a nation, we were now fully committed and committed in law to accepting refugees.

the act also broadened the definition of refugees so anyone fleeing persecution on account of race, religion, national origin or political opinion could qualify in the past it was limited to people fleeing communist countries or the middle east. importantly, the act provided funds and offices to administer them to make resettlement here easier and faster. and final ly the act created a process for seeking asylum. surprisingly, the act was not controversial. the senate passed it unanimously. there was some opposition in the house, which wanted more congressional control over admissions. the act has held up well. officially it set a limit of 50,000 refugees annually

although the president could lift certain circumstances. in his last year, president obama call ed the admission of 100,000 refugees there was no outcry. before coming here, refugees undergo script scrutiny. the act and the circumstances surrounding it as well as its implementation until the past two and a half years shine a harsh line on present day practices and attitudes. in 1980, the u.s. welcomed refugees. today our government shuns them and has cut the numbers to be admitted drastically to the lowest ever under the act. one-third of the average number. in 1980 our government understood that it created a special responsibility to help those who work for us and other vietnamese refugees. today our government acknowledges no responsibility for the consequences of its malign behavior in the northern

triangle countries of guatemala, honduras and and el salvador. these acts include d ousz ining president of guatemala and propping up authoritarian governments that refuse to address poverty and widespread corruption. not to mention domestic and gang violence and the terrible drought in guatemala. if our government wants to tackle the northern triangle kpo dus, it needs to strengthen those countries. this means restoring serious cuts in aid, enlisting the know how of countries in the region and the know how of the u.n. to create effective systems of justice as well as economic development programs targeted the poor. the burden of absorbing the refugees could be shared with other countries.

hello. we did that in 1980. but the sneering, bullying treatment of countries in central and south america would have to stop. these approaches would be cheaper ask more effective than building a useless wall imposing tariffs and cruelly mistreating the refugees, but they are unlikely to be implemented. in 1980, the u.s. knew that it was wrong to expel refugees by sending them back into danger. today we are trying to do just that and to coerce mexico into joining with us. today our country is frightened of admitting refugees. then we admitted at least 750,000 chinese refugees in addition to 600,000 cuban refugees and hundreds of thousands of jewish refugees in the soviet union. 750,000 indo-chinese refugees.

what has caused the difference in the response. think of president carter and think of president trump and his whipping of public hostility was false and bigoted claims. learn iing the lessons of the 10 refugee act would allow us to tackle today's refugee problems more humanely and more successfully. we have done it once and we can do it again.

>> it's my pleasure to introduce the journalist highly accomplished. she shared with a group of "new york times" reporters for a 2002 series on race in america. and more recently, she shared an emmy for the coverage of pope francis's visit to the americas. but she's here today because before becoming a successful journalist, she herself during the carter administration was a refugee who fled cuba by boat with her family at the age of 16 with her sister who is also here today with us. she wrote about the experience and about the boat lift in finding min ya na. and this is her second visit speaking here at the presidential library of jimmy carter.

>> good morning, i used to teach so i always do that. first of all, thank you to mark for remembering me. we had never met, but he read my work. and to jasmine for organizing this and making it possible for my sister to be here. she's a teacher so she's able to be here because of her vacation. and for inviting me into the carter library and museum. this is my second time here. i conducted part of my research for my book here in the library. so thank you for allowing me to do that.

and thank you to ambassador peters for being the first person i have ever heard geting the numbers right when it comes to the maria boat lift and the number of criminals who came in the boat lift. you helped her with that, thank you. often people say that castro opened the jails and leave it at that. and while that is technically true, one would have to go a little deeper and find out who were kept in the jails and insane asylums. and people know not everyone behind bars deserved to be th e there. so out of the people that came in the span of five months, as ambassador peters correctly said, about 2,700 were proved to be concluded to be hardened criminals.

we all received after the boat lift. but any way, i wanted to talk a little bit about why i became a refugee and a little bit. i know reading from books is not very cool. but just a bit because they asked me to do that. about my experience and why i became a refugee. i grew up knowing, my sister and i both, just the two of us, we grew up knowing one day we would leave cuba. that the lives we were supposed to live had been robbed from us. my comments may seem strange now, or at the very least outdated, at a time when probably each person here probably knows of a person who has traveled to cuba recently as a tourist or wants to. but now it may be hard to imagine what the '70s were like. the late '60s and '70s in cuba

and even the '80s. so i want to read a little bit from my book to remind you of that time. from 1966 until we left in may 1980, the main topic of conversation at home and with friends who shared my parent's obsession was if and when and how we would leave cuba. with the united states closed off to immigrants from cuba after the freedom flights have stopped in 1973 our chances were slim. we knew that some desperate people took to the treacherous waters of the gulf of mexico braving dangerous currents to make it to miami. once in awhile, we would hear stories of those who made it. but we never heard of the ones. the ocean was not an option for us. my mother was pessimistic. my father, cautious. neither knew how to swim. we couldn't request a visa

because we had no relatives in the country. at last something extraordinary happened. a deeply religious man with a commitment to upholding human rights assumed the precedent sit of the united states in 19 77, i get emotional at this part, i'm sorry. if it weren't for him, we wouldn't be here. he wanted to revamp the foreign policy. there was no need to have enemies. there was no place in the world to envision. almost immediately, an ally, the

u.s. president who finally acknowledge that castro was the rightful president of cuba and would give him the recognition he craved. members of congress started traveling to cuba. officials from both countries began this issues of maritime boundaries and fishing rights. an american journalist questioned castro on cuban television about the prisoners he kept throughout the island. and young cuban americans returned to the homeland to pledge their support and youthful enthusisenthusism. in late 1978 with the blessing of the carter administration, cuban americans began a dialogue with the cuban government that led to the release of hundreds of political prisoners and the visits of thousands of exiles who in 1979 returned to the the island loaded with gifts. the visits were a jolt to the country and its people. for almost a decade, cuba lived in complete isolation from the western world.

no one could get in, no one could get out. god and the beatles were forbidden. men with long hair were arrested. homosexuals and artists were sent to labor camps. anyone who expressed a design to immigrate was ast sized, harassed and denied jobs and higher education. those who openly disagreed with the government were jailed or executed. neighbors spied on neighbors and everyone was expected to give ul all allegiances for the good of the revolution, including obligations to the family and loyalty to france. in angst and distrust, the government surprised us all by welcoming back exiles. people were stunned and confused and began to look for a way to escape. embassy breakings became everyday occurrences. by christmas of 1979, there were more than 10 cubans sheltering in embassies in havana.

so many people seemed eager to boon his socialist paradise, castro retaliated by using the only weapon he had. in a repeat of the 1965 boat lift, he threatened to flood south florida with refugees. in april 1980 he invited cuban exiles to return to the island to pick up relatives at the port west of havana. president carter, preoccupied with international crisis and faltering reelection campaign, initially ignored the threat. but miami-cubans desperate to be reunited with relatives once again raced to the shore. on may 7, 1980, the day the police knocked on our door, our names must have finally made it to the top of the immigration list. that day within a matter of minutes, we left our home, our neighborhood, our lives, we left

the way one leaves a cherished but impossible love. our hearts heavy with regret, but beating with great hope. what we lived through in cuba is the reason why organizations such as this exist. the reason why the refugee act was passed. the very definition of refugee adopted by the act to this day makes me emotional. slightly edited, it reads, any person who is outside -- who is outside of his or her country of residence or nationality and is unable or unwilling to return to it because of persecution or a well afounded fear of purse cushion on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion. as i hope the section that i

read from my book makes clear, my family was definitely part of the latter group because of our political opinions. the refugee act became effective the very day that a desperate bus driver plowed a bus against the embassy in havana and saw political asylum unleashing events that led directly to the boat lift and ultimately to the arrival of more than 125,000 cubans in this span of five months. all of them, myself include, benefitted from the refugee act. two days after my arrival, my parents and i started taking english lessons in the evening for free. we didn't need more government help because we had family and because my parents found jobs right away, but we knew we needed it if there was there. they went to work at a factory two days after arrival.

thr people in this room or watching this meeting from home as i hope president carter is is. the they are directly responsible for us being here today, especially the congresswoman, my thank you to you. to all of you, i say thank you, thauk from the bottom of my heart. everything we are, my family, my three wonderful u.s.-born sons, and my two nephews, our careers and our family, they are in addition to myself, a teacher, an actor, a pilot, a journalist, our home is in beautiful miami. my terrific years in "the new york times," my laughing york, my travels around the world, the fact i'm a practicing journalist who has never been silenced and that my sister teaches so many kids in sixth grade, everything we owe to this country.

and therefore, to those of you who opened the doors and as president carter said so many years ago, welcomed us with open hearts and open arms. thank you. [ applause ] >> now we're joined by a representative of the united nations high commissioner for refugees in geneva. actually the second in command there, kelly clemmons, who had a long career at the state department. last position there was deputy assistant secretary of state for population refugees and migration around the world, especially in the refugee world, she's known as the dhc, but to

me she's known as kelly. i have known kelly for 20 years since she was in congressional relations at the state department and we took congressional staff to meet with refugees in west africa and the middle east together. kelly? [ applause ] >> thank you very much, mark. you are a hard act to follow, but i'll do my best. dr. evans, ambassador peters, mark, representative holtsman and guests and friends, i'm truly honored. it's a great honor to be to celebrate the refugee act of of 1980. i want to bring greetings of the high commissioner and colleagues around the world, who compliment the ongoing commitment to refugee protection and for

recognizing the need to rededicate ourselves to the service of the world's most vulnerable populations. speaking very personally, many of you here in the room have served as mentors to me and friends to me over three decades. and i entered the state department ten years after the refugee act was adopted, but when i started at the state department, its implementation was in full throttle. global force displacement currently stands, as was mentioned earlier, at the highest level in recent history. more than, and i can say that in the next couple day, you'll hear it officially. more than 70 million women, men and children forcibly uprooted from their homes by violence and persecution. some 25 million who have crossed an international border and over 40 million remaining within their own countries known as

internally displaced persons. while refugees and stateless, glad to hear that was mentioned this morning as well, are our core constituency, we also join with partners to protect and assist the internally displaced. a mission that often involves working in war zones under extremely dangerous conditions. as deputy high commissioner, i'm proud of 17,000 people that i work with day in and day out of whom set 90% are working in the field, often in remote and very challenging locations. both the establishment in 1950 and the adoption of the refugee convention the following year, were in response to the events of world war ii, as we discussed this morning. and our collective decision to learn from the toughest of lessons. the initial job was to help the millions of europeans uprooted

by their homes from their homes during the war. in the decades since, our role has expanded. we're now lead iing the respons to refugee situations around the globe and we have operations in over 138 countries. we provide many forms of life-saving assistance, both directly and through important partners, who i was privileged to see last week in ecuador. we work to achieve long-term solutions for displacement, but our core mandate remains the protection of refugees. this role is is enshrined in the convention itself, which prohibits governments from forcibly returning refugees to countries where they fear persecuti persecution. central to that is the question of who is a refugee. as mentioned by ambassador peters and the representative, the 51 convention defines refugee who is outside of his or

her home country ask can't return due to a well-founded fear of persecution on those five grounds mentioned. they relate to the fundamental access to a person's identity. things that cannot, nor should not, have to change. during world war ii, millions of jews and other populations were targeted for such reasons. and unfortunately, around the world today, we continue to see egregious human rights violations carried out against people because of who they are. we see this in the targeting of the ethnic ro behind ga, the murder of teenage boys resisting gang recrewsment in central america, and the disappearance of pro democracy activists in many places around the globe. we see this in the brutal attacks against civilians believed to be supporters of the political opposition. and we see this in the horrific violence perpetrated by isis

against not only religious minorities, such as christians, but also against the vast majority of sunnis, who do not share the group's extremist ideology. although the faces of victims have changed many times since world war ii, the human ability to demonize and oppress others sadly remains. as you have heard from others this morning, the u.s. formally associated itself with the definitions and obligations in the 51 convention when it became party to the 67 protocol. even before seating to the protocall, the u.s. enacted laws to welcome refugees from various parts of the world, yet public sentiment was not always on the side of refugees. and the various ad hoc laws that allowed the admission of refugees were hotly debated in the late '70s.

this was still very much the case. this conversation has never been easy. what made the difference then, as is now, was one thing. leadership. in 1975 such leadership came in the form of representative holtsman and a small group of congressional champions. together they pushed back against fear and misinformation, against the notion that vietnamese refugees wouldn't asim lute or posed a threat to values. the result, as we know, was a law that welcome d and assisted refugees. four years later when president carter, who i hope very much is listening today, took the bold step of doubling the monthly resettlement number for southeast asian refugees. that act of u.s. leadership helped to convince other countries to take similar action. soon after president carter,

representative holtsman and others worked to enact the act that we're celebrating toad. that created a permanent and systemic procedure for the admission of refugees and granting of asylum to persecuted individuals from anywhere in the world. as a u.n. official who also happens to be an american, i believe that i'm within my rights to say that the world could use such leadership today. in his 1981 state of the union address, president carter noted, we cannot hope to build a just and humane society at home if we ignore the humanitarian claims of refugees, their lives at stake who have nowhere else to turn. our country can be proud that hundreds of thousands of people around the world would risk everything they have including their own lives to come to our country. this principle that a kohn try should be proud that victims of

persecution and violence seek safety is sadly lacking in many parts of the world today. yet that sentiment is needed now more than ever. today worldwide force displacement is referred to as a global refugee crisis. and indeed it is a crisis. although not the way that it's often portrayed in the media. the persecution, war, oppression, that our drivers of displacement are collectively a crisis. the failure of the international community to prevent or resolve conflict, that's a crisis. the inability of victims of conflict to find safety is, again, a crisis. yet too often the displaced themselves are seen as the problem. as if their movement across borders is all that needs to stop. as a result, fwofts often respond by shutting door, denies those victims of persecution, the safe haven they so

desperately need and we see this on every continent in the world today. we saw this in 2015 when more than a million refugees and migrants crossed the mediterranean in search of safety and aid in europe. almost 85% of those arriving were from the world's top ten refugee producing countries. including syria and afghanistan. the initial response by some governments was chaotic with various borders being blocked and tens of thousands of people left stranded. eventually a more coordinated approach, but we continue to see an uneven response to asylum seekers. instead of humane and consistent policies governing disem par indication, vreception and acces to systems, instead of an equitable burden sharing arrangement, we sometimes see denials of access. which can force refugees and asylum seekers even further into the hands of smugglers and traffickers. we have seen this in asia as

well. in mid-2015, thousands of refugees from myanmar took to boats. either directly from myanmar or neighboring bangladesh and sought access throughout southeast asia. the governments in the region responded with varying poll circumstances many of them initially denying access. after images of december pras stranded at sea on rickety boats went viral, several countries allowed them to come to shore. two years later, late 2017 more than 700,000 fled into bangladesh after renewed violence in myanmar. they joined more than a quarter of a million refugees who had already been there for years and even decades. the response by the government and the people of bangladesh has been incredibly generous, but the pressures to return to myanmar are mounting. while another crisis is possible

and despite a long and proud tradition in africa of hosting refugees, we have also seen people denied protection on that continent as well. in 1996 thousands of lye beern refugees spent days at sea until ghana finally relented and let them disembark. it's home to a quarter of the the world's refugees with many countries hosting each other's citizens as conflicts become interrelated. it still occurs on a regular basis. this is not a solution. here in the u.s., a a vigorous debate regarding how to respond appropriately to an increase in the number of asylum seekers from central america.

we welcome this discussion to trau attention to the brutal violence in central america and which is causing central americans to flee and to seek solutions to these dilemmas we are working to help the government enhance the asylum system to families fleeing honduras can find protection closer to home without resorting to a dangerous on ward journey. at the same time, we call all countries to provide access to asylum systems. as we do elsewhere in the world, they stand ready to offer our technical assistance and guidance in help iing the u.s. respond to what is clearly a challenging humanitarian situation on its southern bor r border. we're also working to help governments in the americas respond to the movement of venezuelas and what constitutes the largest exodus.

the refugees leave due to violence, insecurity and lack of essential services. 4 million refugees now live abroad mainly in countries of south america. we believe that the majority of those fleeing now are indeed of international refugee protection. before arriving yesterday here in atlanta. and in colombia. we met with venezuelas that left in recent weeks and months and the situation to be quite blunt is desperate. openness to countries. while on the surface, many leaving are simply in search of food, shelter, access to health care, support. to hear the full story the refugee dimension became so clear. scratch below the surface of

poverty and desperation and you hear the stories of persecution. intimidation, targeted violence, often at the hands of paramilitary street gangs. this is simply not just an economic crisis, but a a political one. millions leaving venezuela are in need of protection. they are mounted by men in white masks after her husband, a profess professor, switched political sides. the government took away their home, denied them access to public food and after the stabbed her husband, she fled with her three kids. while she was there all a week when we talked with her a a few days ago, her husband is in peru recovering and their family is

in chile and colombia. a couple days later near the border, we visited a youth shelter specializing in support for victims of sexual exploitation and abuse. already a major problem within the colombian community in one of the most impoverished states, the director described the influx of young venezuelans, many unaccompanied and smuggled as ab atomic bomb. the protection risks are just that serious. the exodus is fast approaching the scale of some of the other mega crises in recent history as syria and indo-china. emergencies that can combine an entire region for generations. although uniquely complex in its mix of economic, social and political factors, the situation facing those leaving the country also increasingly reminds us of the reality faced by refugees

around the world. despite the media's focus on refugees crossing oceans, deserts to reach western nations. and they remain very close to home. while in ecuador, we met many moving further south, they were doing so out of desperation, seeking safety and support that was illusive further north. and after seeing people sleeping on the streets in northern colombia, i can see why. this is a recurring theme. and trend. they have begun pursuing a new approach to refugee response. the approach contains four key components. first, we're increasing support to the refugee hosting communities and countries such as jordan and lebanon.

kenya and mexico, in ways that will allow them not only to help refugees, but also to improve the well being of their own citizens. second, we're giving refugees more opportunities to go to school and to earn a living. third, we are asking the international community to provide more opportunities for resettlement and other legal pathways. finally, we're redulk our efforts to bring about the conditions to enable them to return voluntarily to their home countries. refugees fleeing persecution clearly need safety, but they also need to be inn colluded in the societies hosting them ask have the chance to create a better future. with skills and education, they can also help to rebuild their home countries once cob flikt has ended. this is something called the comprehensive framework and

intended to achieve a more predictable and equitable sharing among donors, refugee hosts, resettlement countries and others. we need a stronger and more equitable response to large refugee movements and situations of prolonged displacement. in the decades since the 51 convention, it's become clear that sustainable solutions to refugee crises cannot be achieved without significant international cooperation or without leadership. here in the united states, issues have been debated and the response has sometimes shifted, as we have heard this morning. as happens in other parts of the globe, sometimes courageous leadership allows humanity to win out, a as it did in 1980, and sometimes, however, fear takes hold, as it did when st.

louis was denied permission to land and hundreds of jews were returned to europe in 1939. today with the record number of global force displacement, the united states remains the biggest financial donor to unhcr and other partners. the u.s. remains one of the top countries of both resettlement and aassignment lumbar, which would not be the case of 1980. despite the debates and challenges i'm confident the leadership and generosity of the american government and the mesh people as exemplified by president carter and others here in the room will endure. as president carter once told us, whether the border that divide us are picket fences or national boundaries, we are all neighbors in a global community. thank you very much. [ applause ]

>> good morning, everyone. i'm jasmine sanders, special projects officer. through the efforts of many including the newly elected board chair, we were able to have vice president monodale send us a short message. so please sit back and watch. >> sometimes it's so surpass ed

and instead we speak the dialect of the human heart. today we confront such a tragedy is vir clully all the world's language, desperate new expressions have been born. a barb-wire bondage, a flood-tide of human ministry, with this new kwidage a language is enriched and our civilization is impoverished. at stake of decency and self-respect of the civilized world. if each nation that agreed to that, just 17,000 jews, every jew as one american wrote, it is

heartbreak i heartbreaking to think of the desperate human beings waiting in spens for what happens. but the question they underline is also a a test of civilization. they began with high hopes, but if they fail the test of civilizati civilization, we're preparing to welcome another 168,000 refugees in the coming year. the governors and the members of congress in our delegation as well as outstanding throughout america are a symbol of the enduring commitment of president carter and the american people. but the growing exodus from indochina still outstrips international offerers.

the suffering will mount. unless we all do more and risk first conflict will arise in the stability of southeast asia. unless this gives berth to new commitments and not simply new metaphors, we will inherit the score. it is a time for action, my friends, not for words. second, our children will deal harshly with us if we fail. the conference took place and is the same comfort we enjoy in our deliberations today. the tasks set, these poor people and those great principles seem so far away. to one who has attended other conferences on lake geneva, the

most striking thing on the eve of this one is that the atmosphere is so much like the others. let us not be like the others, let us renounce that legacy of shame. let us reach beyond the metaphor. let us honor the moral principles we unhertz. let us do something meaningful. something profound. we face a world problem, let us fashion a world solution. dear friends gathered at jimny carter presidential library, first and most importantly, i wish jimmy carter and his friend and tomorrower vice president a speedy recovery. we need him. i thank you for celebrating the refugee act of 1980, a great humanitarian achievement of our country, administration and

congress. it is the pulse of the american heart to provide a hearth for those fleeing tyranny and seeking a better fleeing tyran seeking a better life. in my beloved and native minnesota we are enriched by the many hmong and other immigrants who came over the decades. it is my hope that our aspirations continue to guide us in 2019. on the 75th anniversary, i thank you for your decency and leadership. >> all week, featuring american history tv programs as a preview

of what's available every weekend on cspan 3. lectures in history. american artifacts. real america. the civil war. enjoy american history now and every weekend on cspan3. weeknights this month, featuring american history tv programs as a preview of what's available every weekend on cspan3. tonight purdue university has a remaking political history conference with the discussion on the correlation between violence and political change from the time of the american revolution to present day. watch american history tv tonight at 8:00 eastern on cspan3. sunday at 9:00 a.m. eastern, a

washington journal on american history tv, live special call in program, looking back at woodstock, the 1969 cultural and musical if he nom nan. david farber joins us. >> drugs matter, why the drugs have the effect they did in the '60s and '70s is something we're wrestling with as scholars to understand. the technology of drugs, you have david cart write and others that thought long and hard of it. what drugs we use at a given period and place have incredible ability to change the direction of a given society. >> call in to talk with david farber about social movements of the '60s leading to woodstock and its legacy. woodstock, 50 years, sunday, 9:00 a.m. eastern on cspan's

washington journal. live on american history tv on cspan3. >> doug mills talks about taking photos of president trump. >> obviously he likes having us around. despite his comments about fake news and the media, i feel he enjoys having us around. it helps drive his message, drive news of the day. >> former government officials helped write the 1980 refugee act on reasons behind creation