there are no signs that they are losing heart in this savage fight for their country. [bird chirping] this is american history tv, featuring events, interviews, archival films and visits to college classrooms, museums and historic places. exploring our nation's past, every weekend on c-span3. this weekend, american history tv is joining our spectrum cable partners to showcase the history of chapel hill north carolina -- chapel hill, north carolina. to watch more videos from our

torah, visit c-span.org/cities tour. we continue with our look at the history of chapel hill. we are in chapel hill, north carolina at the marion cheek jackson center. the marion cheek jackson center is a place where we preserve the side and 10he north top communities. buying me are photographs of the civil rights movement that took thee here in chapel hill in 1960's. in the 1960's chapel hill was segregated. people could not go into stores, the schools were segregated. it will be theaters, all things were segregated. , again, a time when black people had to create their own community. in this particular community they built their home, they had a business district.

had one school, they had their churches that everyone attended. there was a very close-knit community. what got the ball rolling here in chapel hill during the civil rights movement was, after the greensboro sit in, there were a group of guys that got together and they decided they needed to do something here in chapel hill to make change happen. that is where the chapel hill nine started. what made this group different from those that were going on in other places was that this was led by high school students. students got together, talked about it, and they begin planning for citizens and and marches.t in's they were subjected to name-calling. they were subjected to rockthrowing. they were subjected to chemicals being thrown on them, which would require hospitalization. we will take a look at the photo collection. these photos were taken by photographer named jim wallace.

photographsto take during that movement, and get into places where other people probably would not have been able to. then he gave the photographs to the jackson center. this is one of my favorites because it has a wonderful love story. this was taken on franklin street. they were sitting across an intersection. as you can see the different signs they are holding up. the gentleman on your far left and the lady on the far right is ruby. we are talking about segregation were black and white did not interact. he was very much attracted to ruby. he told ruby that he wanted to date her. of course ruby thought he was out of his mind. but he pursued her and they began dating. of course the parents were not in favor of this interracial couple. they thought trouble was going to follow.

but they continued to date one another. the parents realize there was nothing they could do about it. woundh -- bruce and ruby up getting married. it is just a wonderful love story that survived and came out of a movement. and sustain past the movement. this photograph is another special photograph because this just shows you how young some of the people were who were actually marching and a part of the movement. this young girl and boy standing right here in the front, they are actually the younger sister , who was inof ruby the first photograph sitting across the intersection on franklin street. to ben ruby would go out in the marches and things, her

mother would tell them not to go out. their mothers name was mama cat. mama cat was amazing. she would tell them not to go out. she said a soonish you would leave to go to work ruby would go. not only would ruby go, but she would take her younger brother and sister. the is another story of how youth were very much a part of the civil rights movement. this photo we are looking at now took place on franklin street. it was a group of students doing a sit in. i remember when i was doing a workshop, and this particular photograph was on a powerpoint presentation and we were talking to a group of fourth graders. they did not know what a sit in was and what was happening. but as we were showing this, one of the students that's up and says, that's my grandmother. we are all like, where? he points to the young lady sitting right next to the police officer. we were all amazed.

he was so proud that day. the teacher was proud, we were all proud. i always thought about his grandmother and what she was doing there at that moment. i always say, i bet she was never thinking about her grandson that would be able to benefit from what she was doing then. and that her grandson would actually see a photograph of his grandmother making change happen here in chapel hill. me, i think just to continue to remember. didn't you need to tell the stories and not just push history under a rug, or avoid talking about it. i believe we have to continue to talk about our past. without the past you have no future. we have to remember our past. if we don't want to repeat it. you know? we have to think about the things that have happened. if we don't want those things to

happen again, we have to continue to talk about it. what can we do differently? how can we be better? travelcities tour staff to chapel hill, north carolina to learn about its rich history. video, visit c-span.org/cities tour. you are watching american history tv, all weekend, every weekend on c-span3. >> this weekend on the presidency. former bush administration officials describe their roles in president george w. bush's two dozen seven decision to increase american troop levels in iraq. here is a preview. so, at the risk of -- not disagreeing, continuing on this, but i think it is at the heart of this project. difference between policymakers and epidemics -- academics.

i was struck in the course of this project and reading the final project about something i had realized earlier on in my career when i was working on the issue of sanctions. this was before i went into was a fellow at the brookings institution. you had academics who said sanctions did not work, and policymakers said sanctions were abandoned. i realize policymakers and areemics -- academics interested in different questions. i think this project reveals that in some fashion. as a policy maker, or at the time, the question i was interested in and is still interested in, is did this advice andvide and was the best decision open to the president at that time? that is what i'm interested in. as we see in many of the

academic chapters, which were really useful and interesting, there is a lot of other questions at play. animatese things that a lot of the scholarly take on it is, how does this process compared to some kind of ideal? again, i think as a policy maker you're much less interested because you realize there is no run -- no one ideal that works in any circumstance. if you are asking what i'm asking, does this process produced the best decision for this president at this moment? you realize that the process will different >> this weekend on the presidency, former bush administration officials describe their roles in president george w. bush is 2000 seven decision to increase american troop levels in iraq. here's a preview. history, grovein city college professor paul kengor explores the tense days

of october, 1962 when the united states and the soviet union faced off over missiles in cuba in one of the "hottest" episodes of the cold war. he explains how the ideological militancy of cuban leader fidel castro worried leaders in both moscow and washington who did not truly desire nuclear conflict despite their tough talk. dr. kengor: all right, welcome. here good we have c-span today. and we are going to talk about the cuban missile crisis. and specifically, fidel castro leading into the cuban missile crisis. so we will hit a. of 1957 until 1950 nine until the missile crisis itself in october, 1962. aboutst class we talked july 20 6, 1953 launch of the