>> up next we take you to the jackson center to learn more about the civil rights movement of the 1960's. >> we are in chapel hill, north carolina at the marion cheek jackson center. the marion cheek jackson center is a place where we preserve the history of the north side and 10 top communities. these are photographs of the civil rights movement that took place here in chapel hill in the 1960's. in the 1960's chapel hill was segregated. people could not go into stores,

the schools were segregated. the movie theaters, all things were segregated. this was a time when, again, black people had to create their own community. in this particular community they built their home, they had a business district. they had one school. they had their churches that everyone attended. there was a very close-knit community. what got the ball rolling here in chapel hill during the civil rights movement was, after the greensboro sit in, there were a group of guys that got together and they decided they needed to do something here in chapel hill to make change happen. that is where the chapel hill nine started.

what made this group different from those that were going on in other places was that this was led by high school students. students got together, talked about it, and they begin planning for sit in's and marches. they were subjected to name-calling. they were subjected to rock throwing. they were subjected to chemicals being thrown on them, which would require hospitalization. we will take a look at the photo collection. these photos were taken by photographer named jim wallace. he was able to take photographs during that movement, and get into places where other people probably would not have been able to. then he gave the photographs to the jackson center. this is one of my favorites because it has a wonderful love story.

this was taken on franklin street. they were sitting across an intersection. as you can see the different signs they are holding up. the gentleman on your far left and the lady on the far right is ruby. we are talking about segregation and blacks and whites did not interact. but bruce, he was very much attracted to ruby. he told ruby that he wanted to date her. of course ruby thought he was out of his mind. but he pursued her and they began dating. of course the parents were not in favor of this interracial couple. they thought trouble was going to follow. but they continued to date one another. the parents realized there was nothing they could do. so bruce and ruby wound up getting married. it is just a wonderful love story that survived and came out of a movement and sustained past the movement. this photograph is another special photograph because this just shows you how young some of the people were who were actually marching and a part of the movement. this young girl and boy standing

right here in the front, they are actually the younger sister and brother of ruby, who was in the first photograph sitting across the intersection on franklin street. so when ruby would go out to be in the marches and things, her mother would tell them not to go out. their mother's name was mama cat. mama cat was amazing. she would tell them not to go out. she said as soon she would leave to go to work, ruby would go. not only would ruby go, but she would take her younger brother and sister. this is another story of how the youth were very much a part of the civil rights movement. this photo we are looking at now took place on franklin street. it was a group of students doing a sit in. i remember when i was doing a workshop, and this particular photograph was on a powerpoint presentation and we were talking

to a group of fourth graders. they did not know what a sit in was and what was happening. but as we were showing this, one of the students stands up and says that's my grandmother. we are all like, where? he points to the young lady sitting right next to the police officer. we were all amazed. he was so proud that day. the teacher was proud, we were all proud. i always thought about his grandmother and what she was doing there at that moment. i always say, i bet she was never thinking about her grandson would be able to benefit from what she was doing then. and that her grandson would actually see a photograph of his grandmother making change happen here in chapel hill. for me, i think just to continue to remember.

continue to tell the stories and not just push history under a rug, or avoid talking about it. i believe we have to continue to talk about our past. without the past you have no future. we have to remember our past. if we don't want to repeat it. you know? we have to think about the things that have happened. if we don't want those things to happen again, we have to continue to talk about it. what can we do differently? how can we be better? >> our cities tour staff recently traveled to chapel hill, north carolina. learn more about chapel hill and other stops, visit c -span.com/citiestour. you're watching american history tv, all weekend, every weekend, on c-span3. sunday night on q and a, with the aisle caucus just a week away, we discussed the history of the first in the nation

caucuses with david yet send. this is a lily white state, rural, but the argument is made that that is not all bad. arst of all, it did provide big boost to the first african-american president. it did elevate hillary clinton some within early victory in 2016 on the republican side. they point out that ted cruz and ,arco rubio, cuban-americans have come forward and one. right now with pete buttigieg, iowa is posed to give a big boost to the first openly gay presidential candidate. the feeling that a lot of people have say, yes, we are white, but it is not exactly a hostile place. >> watch live coverage on monday, february 3, and our 8:00view sunday night at

p.m. eastern on c-span q&a. next, historians james holland and richard frank discussed two grim events that took place in june and july of 1944. a hitler's youth's division of executions in the north of france and the mass suicides of japanese civilians who jumped off cliffs to avoid capture in the battle of saipan. >> the next session is kind of a tough one, as the allies made great gains, the axis powers responded not just through combat, but also retribution and reprisal. to lead our panel's descent into barbarism, it's my pleasure to