>> you are watching american history tv, covering history c-span-style with event coverage, eyewitness accounts, archival films, lectures and college classrooms, and visits to museums and historic places. all weekend, every weekend on c-span3. >> weeknights this month, we feature american history tv programs as a preview of what's available every weekend on c-span3. monday night, a look at history through photographs. during the great depression and world war ii, photographers working for the u.s. governments farm security administration and later, the office of war information created about 1600 color photographs depicting life in the united states and war production activities. the collection was curated by beverly brennan.

she talks about the photographers and images. watch monday, beginning at 8:00 eastern. enjoy american history tv this week and every weekend on c-span3. -- ae legendary ladies historical interpretation group, portraying notable women from western history, including sharpshooter annie oakley and labor activist mother jones -- the golden history museum of golden colorado hosted this event and provided the video. in time to hear the stories of real women who made a significant impact on the west. welcome sharon from legendary ladies. [applause] >> good evening and welcome. i would like to give a special thanks to megan murphy, who just left us for inviting the legendary ladies to visit with you today. the women of the west were quite varied. you need only look at the costumes they are wearing or

listen to the stories they tell to understand this. some women came west with husbands or fathers in search of gold, opportunity, or land in the west. often, the landscape they encountered was quite different from the one they left behind. some had to learn new skills in order to survive. some women were born here and others came for their own reasons. but each was met with a challenge. due to their gender or the path they chose. so let's take a step back in time and bring history alive. era when opportunities for women were limited, annie oakley 's amazing ability with the gun proved that women could do just as well or perhaps better than men. [applause]

>> howdy. oakley was my stage name, but i was kristin phoebe and mosys. annie on account of phoebe was too fancy. as soon i was big enough to lift my daddy's hunting rifle, he taught me how to shoot. but my daddy died when i was six. it left my mama in an awful way. we were dirt poor. when i got a little bigger, i discovered a way to help my mama. on a a squirrel nibbling fence post outside our cabin and i decided to shoot it. i got my daddy's long barrel rifle from above the fireplace and filled it with enough gunpowder to kill a buffalo. .hat was no easy task gun on thee long railing of the front porch and

pulled the trigger. when all the smoke cleared, that squirrel lay dead, shot cleanly through the head. i still think it's one of the best shots i ever made. hunting todays provide food for my family. me,other would often say to phoebe and moses, stop shooting. you are supposed to be going to school preparing to be a wife and mother, not shooting. freshcontinued to provide game for my family. i became so skilled at it that i regularly sold part of my kyl to a regular grocery. soon, customers were asking specifically for birds and game shot only by me. they know i shot down the game with a clean shot through the head rather than the body. that way diners would not crack their teeth on a piece of buckshot. i don't know how i acquired this skill. i guess i was just born with it.

so difficult for my family, for my mama to keep our family together. things had gone from bad to worse. in eight teen 70, when i was 10, mama had to send me to the county poor farm to live. i was hired out to help a family in the next county, which was not unusual, but it turned out to be a nightmare. they locked me in closets, they kicked me out in the snow one night because i fell asleep while darning. me half to death from morning till night. i felt like a slave. after staying with those wolves for two years, i couldn't take it any longer, so iran away back to the county poor farm. the people who ran the place took me in and treated me like one of their own and they taught me how to read and write. left to visit my

married sister in cincinnati, ohio. while there, i took up hunting and sold part of my game to the hotel. new myel keeper reputation as a shooter and arranged a shooting match between me and a professional shooting exhibition or named frank butler. and the prize was $50. i overheard mr. butler say this should be easy money, outshooting some farmboy. but was he in for the surprise of his life. [laughter] had 25 live birds and when the last shots rang out, i had 20 32 francs 21. it was the first time frank butler ever lost a shooting match. 'swon the contest and frank heart. we were married august when he third, 1876. [laughter] frank joined the circus with a

new partner. when they were to appear in springfield, ohio, his partner became ill, so frank asked if i would help. during the performance, frank missed several shots. a man in the audience yelled let the girl shoot. the audience went wild and the team of butler and oakley was born. last name ofe the moses. i thought i needed a new last name to go along with my new career as a performer and oakley sounded like a better stage name. paul,e appeared in st. minnesota, the sioux indian thef, sitting bull, was in audience. he insisted he meet me. he said i reminded him of his daughter. me.ffered to adopt he gave me several presence and

nickname me little sure shot. we became lifelong friends. on buffalosights bill cody's wild west show. when we heard his featured marksman had quit, we approached cody about charting -- about joining. he was skeptical at first. he didn't think a 110 pound girl could lift a 10 pound rifle but he agreed to a trial. frank threw one clay pigeon after another into the air and i shot every single one of them starting with my right hand, switching to my left. when i was finished, man standing in the corner watching came running out, yelling wonderful! it turned out it was cody's business partner and hired us on the spot. cody and i did not always see i to i, but he was the kind of person that she was the kindest person i ever met. he called me little missy. he agreed it was smart for his

partner to hire us and made me a featured performer in his shows. plenty of tricks shooting performances. i would often shoot awkward, holding the rifle over my shoulder, holding a mirror, aiming at a target behind me. i started shooting from horseback. that certainly was a crowd pleaser. but it was my accuracy that made the crowd gasped in astonishment. cody took the whole troop to london as part of the american exhibition for crook -- for queen victoria's golden jubilee. the prince of wales and his wife attended a performance and i had the chance to meet them. tradition, youo always greeted the prince first. but i shook hands with the princes first. i said you'll have to excuse me please because i'm in -- i'm an american and in america, ladies

come first. i had the privilege of meeting queen victoria he made a rare parents at one of our performances. she called me a very clever little girl. [laughter] after being a broad for three and a half years -- the abroad for three and half years, life began to take its toll on the road. we had a crash and i was severely injured. we settled in maryland and spent our summers hunting and fishing with our dog, dave. we continued shooting exhibitions and i taught shooting lessons at the local gun clubs. i was particularly interested in teaching women how to shoot for sport and for protection. i think every woman should use -- should learn the use of firearms. steered my own course through life and i hope i changed people minds about just how

extraordinary a woman could be. i died at the age of 66, but my legacy continues to this day. movies, broadway musicals, tv shows -- >> canada dry presents annie oakley. they have all celebrated my amazing career. i want to thank you all for coming to the show today and i hope to see you at our next performance. [applause] >> this gutsy physician treated all ailments, including the ed of 1918.sh influenza meet dr. susan anderson. [applause]

ma'am, it's dave. dave is all torn up from the barbed wire, hurt bad. i heard you are a doctor. please help. dave is all i've got. that's what the young man said to me inside the general store in fraser, colorado. i had a dilemma. i didn't want anyone to know i was a doctor yet, not until i was well from the tuberculosis. i needed more time to heal, but my hippocratic oath gave me no choice. i ran home, picked up my medical bag, and followed the cowboy to a corral. where is dave? he pointed to a horse. [laughter] it was common for country doctors to treat livestock, but i felt like a fool. no matter. with help, i got the horse untangled and sewn up. after that, folks decided i was

a good healer in spite of being a woman. i cured myself and i saw patients all over frazier and middle park. i charged $.25 for housecall but i really collected cash, but lots of firewood. a single day,, in officials canceled church, they canceled school, that even had to forbid people from attending funerals. in 1918, the worst epidemic to ever hit this planet, spanish influenza, arrived. no one knew what to do about this horrible disease, let alone this country physician. i'm susan anderson, medical doctor. some folks call me dr. susie. denver doctors told me about the spanish influenza. some said it started in the trenches in france during the last months of the great war. some said it started in a military camp in fort riley, kansas. the massive outbreak which began

as a nasty cold that either got better in a few days or killed the patient, this flu often skipped the young and elderly but sucked the life from robust adults in their 20's, including servicemen. while we won the great war, spanish influenza was the at least battle. i worked day and night going from house to house. so many needed my help, and if i cannot get to them within 12 hours of onset, they often died. bodies were everywhere. in houses, on roads, dumped in graveyards. i never felt so helpless. coughs knew it spread by and simply breathing, especially in crowds. but no one knew how to curate, not even the surgeon general of the united states. his advice? avoid wearing tight shoes and

gloves. [laughter] the spanish flu disappeared as quickly as it came, simply vanished. 1416 months, it killed million people around the world from the united states to the south sea islands. with the invention of the electron microscope two decades later, scientists discovered a virus caused the disease. it never came back again. i saw many ways to prevent other diseases. i was often called to lumber camps to treat a melody. while i was there, gathered women and children for physical exams and administered smallpox and diphtheria vaccinations. then i inspected the area. spotting poor health practices, move that privy away from the creek, we don't want a typhoid epidemic here. any good doctor knows an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.

i kept my medical bag stocked with standard supplies, including bundles of dressings i boiled in iron to killed kit, and a dental surgical tools. on a typical day, i might stitch a laceration, pull a tooth, and deliver a baby on the kitchen floor. when i could, i traveled by train to colorado general hospital in denver for supplies and caught up on medical advances with university physicians. they knew i worked under primitive conditions without a laboratory or x-ray machine. they considered me the best diagnostician on the western slope. however, it did not take a .octor to diagnose drunkenness banning boos would make my job easier. many problems stem from alcohol abuse -- seizures, beatings,

gunshot wounds, drinking alcohol ruined lives. i used it for one reason, to get my patients through surgery. stopped narcotic -- never stocked narcotics, i told many a wife go ahead and give whiskey for pain. so i was thrilled when --hibition passed in 1920 colorado had been dry for four years already. but most folks, they figured out how to get around without it anyhow. was lydia pinkham's vegetable compound made from herbs and 20% alcohol. advertisers claimed cures all women's ills, including a craving for alcohol. i told my patients it is mostly liquor, throw it out.

i don't think they heeded my advice. local folks everywhere brood their own hooch. i asked sheriff fletcher why he could not stop him. he said -- if i arrested every moonshiner, all the men in grand county would be in jail. including county officials and state legislators. then who would vote for me? fraser valley became prime moonshine territory for denver's crime bosses looking to make a profit. everyone knew i hated those bootleggers, so the sheriff deputized me and included me on many raids. i grabbed my medical bag, my hat, and my acts and joined up with the deputy in the forest. you are all under arrest, and then i would start.

i loved smashing those stills. white lightning flew out of those barrels. prohibition was an exciting time for me. i may have been a little eccentric since i never threw anything away. created was full, but i narrow paths for stacks of books, catalogs, and newspapers. i even hid my cash in those stacks. eventually, i had little space for our patients. no room for food. atropped in for mealtime people's homes when i felt like it. i couldn't eat much, and i liked to visit. decides, it was a good way to collect on bills. i heard charlie warner bagged himself and elk. hot elk stew tonight. thank you. [applause]

>> and now, we have all the way from san francisco, the lady who went to blazes, lily coit. [applause] >> i was known as fayetteville lil. i was 20 years old, fighting fires alongside firemen. that's when a gossip columnist for harper's weekly heard about me. that i could single-handedly rescue men, women, and groups of children from burning buildings, carrying them down from dizzying heights on my shoulders, clinging to frail ladders, my skirts ablaze. to tell the truth, i was a firefighter. i helped man the hook and ladder . i saved lives. i was not afraid of fire. let's go back to my beginning.

wealthyrn in 1843 to parents. my father was an army doctor and when i was still a young girl, he was appointed medical director of the entire pacific coast. we moved from kentucky to san francisco. but it was a very difficult time for me. i battled with my mother constantly. i wanted to wear trousers. [laughter] but mother forced me to wear dresses and act like a lady. at age 15, i had to host a little girls tea party at the fitzmaurice house in downtown, san francisco. we were in a second-floor room. the hotel is being renovated and one of the workmen must have gotten careless with a kerosene lantern. because right in the middle of the tn crimp its, the room filled up with smoke.

[coughing] locked.the door, it was it was so hot. outside, i heard the fire gong. it was knickerbocker station number five. they threw their hooks to the roof and pulled up the ladders. i pushed those screaming girls out the window one by one while the firemen from number five pulled them out. except two, he ran back in the room when the wall started to collapse. i had to leave those girls behind. i climbed on a fireman's back and rode him right out of the flames. i leapt off to the streets and that's when i fell in love with fire, with the bravery, the excitement, the danger of fire fighting. from that moment on, i followed the laddies from number five to every fire i could, they hailed me as their official luck mascot.

i can still remember the thrill of the fire gong as the horses galloped past the house. wait for me! and jump on the fire wagon. i cheered them with my trumpet. i converted a man's uniform trousers into a split skirt. it would not billow in the wind or snag on the latter. , we raced to a fire on telegraph hill, one of the highest point in san francisco. as the laddies used hand pumps to pump up the water pressure, i took up the firehose, pointed it at the fire and straight at me strode the new towns fire commissioner. ! i that girl out of here turned the hose right at him. [laughter]

don't you touch me, you bully. he stopped just long enough. i swung the hose back toward the fire. the water pressure was strong enough to knock a man down, but i had an iron grip on the firehose. nothing could make me let go. tell you a few things about fighting fires in san francisco in 18 60. the firefighters were all volunteers and each district had their fire station. in the event of the fire, the first company to arrive at the --flagration was awarded here it is -- a fox tail. they hung it proudly outside their fire station. call, if a fire rival company responded first, the fox tail passed to them. this caused fierce competition between fire companies who accused each other of invading

their districts, trying to gain hero publicity. companyore, the first to arrive had the right to refuse help from other fire companies, even when they knew they didn't have enough water to put the fire out. anduse of pride mismanagement, countless buildings burned to the ground. somebody had to talk to those firefighters. well, i tried it. i said why risk your lives and the lives of your comrades for a fox tail? and you must be willing to accept help from other fire companies. they refused to listen to me. by this time, i was not owing number fives mascot, but also their financial sponsor. the steam engine for the fire wagon in 1868 and a new team of horses. i proposed a full dress parade

for all volunteers to show the people of san francisco the fine men and machines protecting their city. the laddies likes that idea. firehouses that were fighting earlier began to talk to each other. the parade became an annual event. before long, city officials decided the volunteers should be paid city employees. i had a hand in that. was i eccentric? a formal once i left dinner party and fought a fire in my best gown. [laughter] i married howard coit, a caller at the san francisco stock exchange, a big blowhard of a man beneath my social standing. to irritate him, i sometimes shaved my head and were a different colored wig every day. i loved to gamble.

those gambling houses on north beach did not allow women, so i dressed like a man and some of the time, i got in. i played poker with the best of them. i'm lily coit, and when i died in 19 between nine, i left the city $118,000 to build a monument honoring the firefighters. they erected a massive white concrete tower 210 feet high atop telegraph hill made out of concrete. and they named it quite power. of threeoks a statue brave volunteer firefighters from knickerbocker station number five, the best friends i ever knew. thank you. [applause] >> don't let mother jones' frail appearance deceive you.

hell hath no fury like a woman with a cause. >> my, my, my, look at all you folks out there. jobnion boys done a good getting you all in here today. let me introduce myself. my name is mary harris jones. or as my boys like to call me, mother jones. did you know i'm considered to be one of the most dangerous women in america? it's true. and it's all because of my union organizing. i've been involved in unionism as a roundabout way as my husband george had done some recruiting for them. after i lost my husband and children to yellow fever in 1867, i knew somehow i had to go on with my life. so, i went to chicago, where i found work as a seamstress. while i was in chicago, the great fire erected and i lost everything.

i lostted and everything. i was devastated, so i turned to the union and became aware of their proceed -- their crusade to improve working conditions for the working class. i figured they could use my help, so here i am. i'm mighty heartened to see you folks out here sinking information about our union. -- seeking information about our union. money, power,ve political influence and the use all of it to maintain control of them minors and the deplorable conditions under which you work. for me to come to you with a message of improving your lives and working conditions through unionism is indeed a risky business. i harbor no illusions as to my vulnerability. in fact, i recently saw a picture of another union organizer who died at the hands of a group of armed union busters and i was amazed it was not me.

i do not deceive myself at my old age. they say i live in the belly of a shark and i believe it. i do owe a good measure of my remaining faith to the fact that i remain -- maintain complete solidarity with the working class. these men, women, children harbor and protect me and keep me out of the hands of the posses. it also helps that i've got a darn good instinct for getting me and my work publicized. but i do have my detractors. but i do have my detractors. between me and that newspaper reporter polly pry, that goody two shoes who will print anything and everything she can against my work. and i have a number of detractors among those highfalutin women of the women's suffrage movement, and that feeling is mutual.

they say i am a paradox because i do not support women's suffrage, and yet i do believe women have strengths not yet discovered. doo not better the poor -- i not pity the poor women of the working-class. they have pride, joy of life, and tremendous faith. they are trying to keep food on the table, their houses warm and their children clothed. and they live with the constant accidents thate killed their husbands and overnight leave families destitute. many a grieving mother has made the difficult decision of sending her children to work in the mines because her family had lost all means of support. and so the older boys, that take the father's place in the deep, dark, cold depths of the mines doing backbreaking work, while

their younger brothers would chutes, oroots -- let mules in and out of the mine the younger brotherss in and out of the minds. chores also needed around the mines. if this was not bad enough, then i heard about the horrible conditions of the children working in the textile mills down south. so i went undercover and presented myself to a mill manager is a person seeking employment. when i told him that i had other family members that were also seeking employment, and children, he hired me on the spot. the next day, i went to work. when i went into the building, i 6, 7, 8, 9,ildren, 10 years old, working alongside their parents. they were working amidst the

horrific noise and the dust of the mills. they were climbing under the equipment to world machines. they were reaching into the to pick-louvers threads, carrying skeins of yarn. they too would soon renounce their childhood and become a wage earner at the age of six. the children started their workday at 5:30 in the morning, and by the time they took their noonday break, they were exhausted. many would fall asleep over their lunch buckets, only to be aroused awake to go back -- to be r a way go back to workoused. that was there only relief. they had no playtime. the children looked old for the years and there were many injuries, broken, missing fingers, maimed hands, maimed

arms, and illnesses and deaths. consumption, bronchitis, pneumonia, getting caught in the machinery. sunday was their only day off, in which time they were expected to go to church, and then they would have a little playtime, but most were too tired to even participate in play. i met maggie, a sweet little 11-year-old when i stayed with her mom. it was maggie's day off and her mom asked her if she wanted to go out to play, but she said no, that she was just too tired, so she slept and the next day went back to work. they carried her home that afternoon and laid her out. she had gotten caught in the machinery and headman killed. -- and had been killed. you may wonder why they are in school. there are two things. the family is so poor and they

have too many children, so all the children who could work had to work in order to keep food on the table. only when a child was injured was that child allowed to go to school. and the schools were not adequate -- and though the schools were not adequate, at least they gave the children a chance of some of a childhood. moreover, the concept of a required, free, public school education originated in the 19th century, but it was not until 1918 that it became a requirement that all children should have, at a minimum, an elementary school education. tirelesslys working to eliminate the worst cases of child labor. in the few dishes a few states, they actually enacted laws -- in a few states, they actually enacted laws, but we have a long way to go. ands in west virginia

pennsylvania when i got a call to come to colorado. i bet a lot of you folks out here don't realize there were so many coal fields in colorado, in theound marshall and northern part of the state, garfield county, and in the western part of the state, trinidad, wise and berg -- wise and berg. i first arrived in trinidad in 1913. i came at the request of the miners who asked for my help in the struggle against john d rockefeller. the working conditions were horrible. .t was my encouragement strike for went on basic demands. the state's governor called the militia. the militia, under general

chase, was not neutral, and when they arrived in trinidad, the general immediately ordered me out of the state, so i had to go. and then i probably came back. placeddid, the general me under military confinement in trinidad, and then threw me into a red infested jail for several more weeks. minersthis time, 11,000 statewide heeded the call to go on strike, and colorado risible day war zone, with both sides armed and ready to shoot. i went to washington to appear before a congressional committee on miners' issues, and while it was gone, the state militia decided to take matters into its own hands. they attacked the little town we called ludlow. they attacked with guns and machine guns and with fire.

day, after the embers wentooled down and miners back to their camps, they found over 20 people dead, men, women, and children all dead. the state and the nation were her if i'd that this could happen and the miners were arranged. thisre horrified that could happen and the miners were enraged. the killings continued and colorado stared into the deep abyss of class warfare. i came back to my boys and cal and and -- in colorado counseled them to keep a level head. federal troops replaced the militia. december, ended in but it was not a victory for our miners, because none of their issues had been addressed. the struggle went on and on and on. goodness, gracious, look at the

time. the rally is about to start and i have to scoot. i do hope to see you there. [applause] when our men went off to war, ray wilson found a way to help on the home front. coming. is we heard the shout and eagerly lined the platform at the station to surprise our men when they pulled into the depot. 1941, andember 17, war had been recently declared. i am at ray wilson. i was hoping to see my brother, captain denver wilson, who commanded one of the nebraska companies rumored to be on that train. broughtd girls had cookies and cupcakes, cigarettes, magazines, and gifts

for our men going off to war. the train pulled into the station and stopped to take on coal and water. we scanned the windows, searching for familiar faces. where are you boys from? "kansas, company d of the national guard." disappointment said and as we realized we had been misinformed. -- set in as we realized we had been misinformed. well, i am not taking these cookies home, i said, and stepped up to pass out goodies to the soldiers above me, and the other women followed suit. gratefulness, smiles, cheers, and thank yous, well, i practically floated home. the following day, i wrote a letter to the editor of the that werald proposing

begin a venue that would greet every troop train coming through. i volunteered to organize and run this venture free of charge. the following week, we opened the north platte canteen on christmas day. the idea caught on. whole towns from as far as 150 miles away, grand isle to the east, colorado to the west, signed up to come to north platte and me in the operation.. -- and man the operation. what started out as cookies soon ballooned into a full buffet as people gave what they could. we kept records. here's what was brought in on just one day. chickens, 58 dozen 73kies, 68 dozen donuts, pounds of coffee, 160 loaves of

ofad, and comparable amounts eggs, ham, lunchmeat, cupcakes, plus cigarettes, playing cards, $600 and more. peeling eggs was the first task of the morning as bushels of eggs were delivered daily along with homemade mayonnaise that we transformed into egg salad sandwiches. the sandwiches were a favorite in season, and sometimes out of season. [laughter] women whipped turkey egg whites into angel food cake's, a special treat thanks to donated sugar rations, and every service member celebrating a birthday got back on board with a cake to share. popcorn balls were especially popular because of the surprise tucked inside. a slip of paper with a girl's name and address. [laughter]

many penpals resulted, and even one marriage. the train pulled into the station and dozens of men, sometimes servicewomen too, hopped off and ran into the station lunchroom for their 10 to 15 minute break. across the room, they found a long tables filled with food. -- they found a long tables filled with food. on the sidewalk, a table laden with books, magazines, readers digest, cigarettes and candy bars the disappeared in a flash. and everything was free. at the far end, they could get their shoes shined or sing along to the tunes coming from the upright piano. under the apple tree with anybody else what me pardon me boy, is that the

chattanooga choo-choo? oldll see you in the familiar places ♪ and girls lined up eager to dance or just talk. this frenzy repeated itself 18 to 32 times a day and into the night. it was exhilarating. -- too soon, the train whistle sounded, and the men scampered back on board to continue their journeys into who knows what future. someone never return. the room, which had been crowded and noisy, was suddenly mute. then we got busy to greet the next train. i was off and on dishwashing duty, a never-ending chore. some men climbed back on board

carrying their coffee cups or bottles of milk. these,ductors collected set them off at the following station, for the next incoming train to bring back to us to wash and use again. we received mail from all over. men on the front lines wrote to say how much it meant to them to have one place unique in the nation where they could see friendly faces on their cross-country journeys to unknown destinations. they are wives, mothers, and sweethearts thanked us for our service. -- their wives, mothers, and sweethearts thanked us for our service. some of those notes included money for expenses. one letter came from the white house, saying, heard you are doing some good things out there, along with a check for five dollars signed by president franklin roosevelt himself. [laughter]

1945, vj day. the war was over. troops were coming home. we were there to welcome them again. we stayed open eight more months until the final campaign came through and we took down our sign. the canteen operated for 51 months. needing dozens of trains every , rain, shine, or blizzard, greeting servicemen and women. if you visit north platte today, you will not see the train station. they tore that down years ago. but you may look upon a statue of me in a small victory garden beside the veterans memorial. ask "what did

georgetown contribute to the war effort?" i stand proudly and say, " we might not have had a big war industry, but north platte exported morale." [applause] ♪ >> ray wilson, annie oakley, doc hoit, mother jones, survived by their wit and determination. they and countless others paved their way for the freedom and individuality women enjoy today. please join me in saluting their courage.

>> american history tv is on social media. follow us at c-span history. the c-span cities tour travels the country, exploring the american story. since 2011, we have been to more than 200 communities across the nation. like many americans, our staff is staying close to home due to the coronavirus. next, look at one of our cities tour visits. -- a look at one of our cities tour visits. ♪ >> the battleship missouri, 53,000 ton flagship of admiral halsey's third fleet becomes the scene of an unforgettable ceremony marking the complete and formal surrender of japan. in the bay of tokyo itself, the united states destroyer buchanan comes alongside, bringing representatives of the allied powers to witness the