education an interpretation conversation between jefferson and abigail adams and a tour of his gardens at monticello exploring the american story watch american history tv this weekend. c-span 3 next on american history tv we hear intelligence experts h, keith melton and robert wallace discussed some of the most notable espionage sites in the nation's capital including embassies hotels and even walking paths the presentation focuses on their book spy sites of washington dc a guide to the capital regions secret history. the international spy museum in washington dc hosted this 90 minute event welcome. we're delighted to see you. i'm peter ernest the executive director. and i think you are in for a scintillating evening. the i must say it it's going to

be a pleasure given all that is going on around us. to be able to talk about things that happened in the past scandals and spies stories and so forth. so there are going to be two authors. there are two authors. and actually there was a third one as well who will be here and be introduced. and the first author i think is someone many of you know may know of his past writings keith melton keith. melton is an internationally recognized author intelligence historian and expert on particularly clandestine devices and technology. how old is stuff works and is a long time advisor of the us intelligence community which is where i first met him. he is a technical trade craft historian at the interagency training center in washington, dc. keith also in his private life has assembled the largest

collection of espionage related artifacts in the world moral not later. part of that collection is on display at cia headquarters some as featured in his book the ultimate spy book, which some of you have seen. this keith has also participated in something on the order of 40 documentaries and tv shows. the latest of which i will mention because it will ring a bell. i think the americans so some of some of the more clever plot devices you see i think of eminated from gentleman right here in this room. the last book he did has been featured in many places spycraft the secret history of cia's spy text. these are the gadgets. these are the things that people are always asking about when they come to the museum. how do things work? what is it spies use? how did that happen? and keith has become a master of

that. is a graduate of the us naval academy and founding a founding member of the international spy museum advisory board, and he was recently appointed to the board of directors one last item. i'd like to note and that is keith. quite recently has generated as generously donated his collection to the international spy museum, which is just a magnificent gesture and i just would like to thank you for that, too. i think we are well on our way to creating a magnificent museum it will be more magnificent magnificent because of keith's gesture. are other are the other code the coauthor of keith is bob wallace a former colleague of mine at cia. he had some 32 years at cia and perhaps and i should say this one of the high points of his

career was he was chief of technical services. now, what does that do repairs cars and so forth? no. bob was head of the unit that you know from the bond movies as q. so that's the easiest way for me to refer to him in that in that capacity. he was all he is the co-author of spycraft the book i mentioned. he served in the us army in vietnam leading ranger reconnaissance teams and later wrote a book about that nine from the ninth. he has a master's in political science university of kansas. peaks and writes on leadership and intelligence and management topics and he also serves on the board of advisors. on the international in the international spy museum. it's really with great pleasure that i welcome both of you and ask you to take the stage. thank you so much. bob you're going first.

okay. go ahead and come down after you okay. you order this water keith? okay. good evening delighted to be here the first challenge in giving any kind of presentation of this type type is will this thing work? and the answer is yes so far so good. delighted to be here. thank you for for attending you brought better weather than we had earlier today. and so i will drive home may not be the two hours at the drive-in or was from today. i tonight we're going to talk about some spy sites in

washington dc some you might be familiar with some maybe maybe not so i think you will find the stories that we will tell. and some of the videos that you'll have a chance to see to be particularly intriguing and and perhaps new peter. thank you to the international spy museum for inviting us and most importantly for displaying our book prominently down in the bookstore. i'd like to begin by recognizing and introducing hank slassinger hank. where are you you hank is standing back there. but by the wall hank is a colleague of ours hank is written books with keith and i now for the last 12 12 or 15 years, i guess that we've we've been associated and hank has just done a magnificent job in terms of research and pulling

together a lot of the material that we have in these books. for those of you who might be familiar or have access. to the publication of the association of former intelligence officers. affio hank has a fascinating article. in this month's or in the current edition. on a spy a little known spy, but an important spy of the american revolution thomas diggs thomas diggs was a resident of the washington area lived just across the potomac from george washington and did spying for us in europe during the revolutionary war. so if you have a chance to read hank's article, i know that you will be enlightened. i would also. like to ask is there anyone here from georgetown university press? georgetown university, press and don jacobs the senior editor

there or just instrumental in putting this book together and we were so pleased with the format and the layout and the design of the book and i did want to acknowledge them. so let's talk about spy sites of washington. oh, that's yes. that's that's mae west, right? now it's known the international spy museum is known for a number of of lovely ladies that they have employed here. and so we thought it proper to grace this event with a picture of a mae west initially now, why would we use mae west so many men so little well, no, it's really so many spot sites. so little time as well. we water emphasize we in terms of collecting the sites of

washington dc. thank our our database now run so well over a thousand different sites and most of you have no interest in reading a book that thick so we had to select and we've down selected to about 35400 sites that are in the book. mae west also though had a fascinating counterintelligence observation that we thought was important to share with you. there are i believe a couple of agents officers from the federal bureau of investigation here personally want to thank you for your service and this is what mais suggested. it seems to me that i've known so many men that the fbi ought to come to me first to compare fingerprints. now if i were a special agent, i think that's one of those assignments. i would love to have.

casablanca world war ii film the vichy police chief captain renault is of course succumb to german pressure to close the popular rick's cafe. everybody to leave here immediately. this cafe is pose until further notice. they're the room at once happening. close me up on one ground. i'm stopped shop to find the gambling is going on in here your wings. oh, thank you very much. everybody on the one. in recent weeks. it seems to me variations of this dialogue from casablanca only a bit modified have been repeated daily by american politicians pundits and reporters. i'm shocked.

to find cyber and espionage going on here. and by the russians, no less i'm shocked shocked to learn foreign governments use clandestine operations to affect us policy. too often. i think we've heard exactly that that sentiment and for you students of espionage history and the readers of spy sites will discover that there really is no shock that foreign intelligence is spying on prominent politicians and seeking to influence their political possessions and really have been doing doing so since maybe 1776 here in america. so tonight we're going to talk about locations in washington where intelligence activities are carried out and describe some of the significant operations and profile a few of

the key. people spies are frequently depicted as shadowy. sometimes barely recognizable person just in dark alleys or dimly littered lighted bars, but it's more likely that you're going to find spies hanging out in embassies or major hotels or if you live in northern virginia at the mclean family restaurant. for for those spies that are are people aspiring spies embassy provide. several critical factors that allow a spy to operate they provide cover they provide security they provide a physical presence in a target target country and they also provide targets for the opposition when we talk about spying we there are always two wings to the spying airplane. the one wing is the positive

collection active collection. the other is a counterintelligence side of it. hotels i likewise have many attributes that are attractive to spies. and become the kind of venues where it's often both convenient to find a spy, but also very amenable to spy operations clandestine operations sometimes our best done if they can be done wide open. you know you you don't you you see or you don't see what is really happening? of those embassies that our particularly significant in washington spy history is the pullman house. pullman house was built by the inventor of the pullman railway car. made a fortune george pullman

and he built a house in 1910 for his daughter and her congressman husband. unfortunately for the couple the congressman fell ill and they never occupied that building it was a sold a few years later to the czarist government. and became the embassy then for russia. when the revolution occurred the united states did not immediately recognize the ussr and in fact did not recognize it until 1933 and at that point the pullman house the old czarest embassy became the soviet embassy. this embassy subsequently then became the location. where a number i'm going to go tonight of americans speak with someone in your security department time actually information to discuss.

oh my announcements calling. i would like to use my name. is alright moment. i have something i would like to discuss with you. i think that would be very interesting to you. i am in with the united states government. that is a voice of ronald pelton. ronald pelton was perhaps the most damaging nsa spy before snowden. pelton left the employment of nsa in 1979 and began spying in 1980 made multiple trips to europe where he was debriefed and spied for about five years before he was before he was exposed by a russian defector a story that we will hear a little more later. other well-known and not so well known spies that reached out to the russian embassy the soviet embassy where navy officer john

walker a cia officer alder james an air force officer christopher cook. and a marine private named brian slavens. a former kgb officer described the embassy's fourth floor as a soviet resident tour where the soviet intelligence officers had their offices in a secure area fourth floor secure area described it as cramped. dimly lighted wendell us and about 8,800 square feet that they were all packed into. this sound similar to some government offices that i've been associated with over the years but nevertheless this is today now and i suspect the fourth floor has been renovated the russian ambassador's office, and i think you will notice maybe one antenna on the roof all of the other antennas have

been moved over to their new facility up on wisconsin avenue. so embassy russian embassy heart of soviet spying during the cold war in the the second world war that one of the targets was the vichy government the vicii vichy embassy here in in, washington. there was an oss operative. also working with the bsc named betty pack now betty was an attractive a beautiful young lady who decided that she could be of help to american intelligence. and in fact, she was successful in recruiting the press attache who worked the vichy embassy her

recruitment techniques were both a subtle and and effective and they they involved some some good evenings together long evenings together and so when it became apparent that there were codes in the vesi embassy specifically the french and italian naval codes that might be of use to our service. betty said well, you know, well since we have this good relationship with the press official, let's just have our evening together in the embassy and so betty betty dressed for the for the evening with a necklace. and high heels and the the two a company by a safe cracker in entered the embassy and the the guards when they kind of saw

what betty's attend intent seemed to be being good french. they sort of just let things go as they were and so so the three entered the code room, and in fact were able to obtain the codes without. in i guess in the face of the guards if you will. so afterwards betty was asked about that and she said and said well, you know, are you are you ashamed and she said oh not in the least the results of my work save thousands of british and american lives wars are not run one by respectable methods. the german embassy in world war. i was a hive of espionage propaganda operations collection operations sabotage operations were run out of the german embassy.

the american policy really turned on an intelligence and an intelligence operation when the british intercepted a telegram that was intended from berlin to the british ambassador to the german ambassador in in washington. this was the famous zimmerman telegram, which told of german's plan to lie with mexico and in turn after the war was over mexico could recover some of the territory that it had been lost to the united states when this telegram and i believe today is the 100th anniversary of our entrance into world war. i when that telegram was turned over to president wilson, it was then subsequently leaked to the associated press and the public attitudes in america shifted quickly anti-german and america

entered the second world war. the british intercept and decryption of that telegram stands as as one of the key cryptological successes of that era. the german embassy also operated a clandestine radio system in the second world war from from its embassy. this was detected by the work of the radio intelligence division of the federal communications commission. the the rate radio now by the time of the second world war had become a key element not not only in but also in propaganda. and so both sides the british the allied side as well as the german side were very active in radio and radio propaganda efforts during the second world war.

shifting to hotels for a moment here is there's the mayflower hotel. president truman called this washington's second best address sometimes today. i'm not sure if he would call it. the second best eddie might call that the first best address in washington, but he called us a washington's second best address. it was built in 1925 had a thousand rooms 112 sweets and at a cost of 11 million dollars. this is i like to point out to peter somewhat less than the cost of the new international spy museum current. but it's a little larger too. a magnificent hotel at the time and and still is but it became very quickly a target or a place of intelligence activities.

the japanese naval attaché they are to say yamaguchi use this as a frequent place for holding banquets and social events where he made contact with assessed developed and attempt to do recruit spies on behalf of japan. he was was he died in the battle of midway subsequently after the after the war began? one of the most dramatic intelligence events at the mayflower was in 1941 a couple of months before pearl harbor when president roosevelt gave a speech and and held up a map. that he said had been obtained by it by his intelligence folks that showed how germany planned now in the second world war to

carve up south america and dominate south america. this he claimed had been stolen from a german diplomat in argentina. a diplomat who because he had lost it had been killed by the gestapo this this is pretty dramatic. it was it was documentary evidence of what the germans were planning to do. documentary evidence that had been created by the british service and through through other channels had made it into the american intelligence service now whether roosevelt knew that or not maybe as a bit beside the point, but he was using now a document a forged document to to shape the attitudes in the future of american policy a forged document from the british

service. the mayflower lobby was in the mid-1980s a demonstration point for a intelligent technique called the brush pass and this this was a was an effort or a technique and operational technique by the cia to pass documents or or information between two people in such a way in a crowded environment in a public environment. that would be not detected and once this was successfully demonstrated at the mayflower hotel and then a couple of other locations in washington this became one of the techniques that cia used in the hard target areas around the world to exchange information with agents. but perhaps most most dramatic

of the mayflower events. involves stewart. nozette stewart knows that as a scientist and worked for darpa lawrence livermore department of department of energy and during a 1998 to 2008 about 10 years. he was an advisor while he was working for the united states government to the israeli aerospace corporation. in january of 2009 mr. nozette took a couple of thumb drives to israel and and conveniently left them behind. he was also at the time running a little low on cash and handed to some of his colleagues that that was the case and he expected that there would be people around the world that might be interested in some of the information that he had this led the fbi to mount an operation against mr. nosette. who? we will see.

sitting here in a room in the mayflower hotel talking with an undercover fbi agent. i need you even this first run. some of the most classified information that there is you know, and so i'm in a i've sort of crossed the rubicon. in the sense that we can't go back and take a ci collier app now. okay, you know, so i'm yours. i mean i made the commitment now the so i think when i said like 50k that was probably lord oh god authorities drew everything for me today. i'm here. i'm here to discuss any concerns you have this is a great one. we're going to talk about in a little bit more any other plans any other concerns you might have i'm before i forget. absolutely. now the other thing is i've been

i think i've been very good with cash. i've been able to make it disappear. yeah, we're gonna talk about that. i was instructors here's the final five, okay. there's 10. yeah. okay, so nobody exactly to the point when you provided those classify the information value. so things like i made a career show. thank you. i have made a career choice. i hope yeah, i hope you heard that in it and indeedy had in his career for the next several years as being spent in a penitentiary. i congratulations to the fbi into the agent involved for you know, just just a wonderful operation that that took care of somebody that we should take care of hotels have also been the scene of death. of agents of intelligence officers walter kravensky was a

gru officer in the 1930s. defected in paris in 1937 came to the united states became a very valuable source of information for the fbi as as well as giving some public information about the about soviet intelligence and how it was operating around the world. this was at a time when the soviets were in fact targeting targeting dissident targeting defectors, and we're certainly not above killing them and knocking them off around the world. so kravitzky in february of 1941 checked in to the bellevue hotel. he was under a lot of pressure a lot of pressure relative to his being known as a former soviet intelligence officer and and the

morning after he checked in was found dead in his a hotel room and this particular room in the bellevue hotel bellevue hotel is now known as a hotel george. and with a single gunshot to the head. the case was ruled a very quickly a suicide because there was a note left, although then controversy has continued to surround his death even until today the probably the proponents of evidence does say it was a suicide that he did did shoot himself. however why he did that is really uncertain and it it's likely that the pressure that he was feeling perhaps the fear of what the soviets would do to him was it was a factor in his demise? point of this this slide is that

agents sometimes come to untimely ends. so operational tradecraft i want to talk a few minutes about that some of the elements of operational tradecraft that we discussed at length in our earlier books by craft assessment covert communications signal sites dead drops points of como surveillance. i the one of the fascinating disguise stories of this of the a civil war is that of mary walker dr. mary walker a physician who worked right across the street here in the what? what be careful. what was then the patent office, but had the been then made a makeshift hotel for the civil war. she worked as a surge in there. she works as a nurse, but she was really really a surgeon and she repeatedly tried to get

herself certified as a surgeon but being the society that wasn't the time there was there was a resistant to that until there was enough press about how capable she was. she was appointed a field surgeon and then worked the battles at in warrant in fredericksburg, chattanooga and atlanta. she during that time she was working in the field. she frequently would cross she was a surgeon now dr. she could dress as a man cross cross anime lines and then get information about the deployment of the confederate troops she was captured in april of 1864 then released a few months later in a prisoner exchange and and after the after the war. president johnson thought that her contributions to the war should be recognized and and in

1865. she was given the medal of honor granted the medal of honor now mary walker was the only woman in civil war that received the medal of honor. however, 1917 came around and there was a review of all of the awards during the civil war and about 900 awards were revoked including mary walker's medal of honor. a few years later quite a few years later. in fact 60 years later president president carter reinstated her name as a rightful recipient and to today she remains this surgeon spy remains the only female recipient woman recipient of the medal of honor. so i just divert one point here. so the national portrait museum next door, where where she worked. i went over there a couple of a

couple of months ago and said, i want to see mary walker. and there is no there's no portrait of mary walker in the in the portrait museum. so i'm using this as a public forum tonight to urge the international spy museum to undertake a project to see that mary walker's portrait is eventually comes to comes to it's rightful place in the portrait museum. okay. william seward known for purchasing alaska, he really should be known for running lincoln's spy operations in europe during the second world during the the civil war. he had agents all across europe and one of the successes he had was essentially having an agent co-op the principal newspaper in

belgium to then print pro pro union. stories in it in its newspaper and thereby promote the union cause lincoln or seward was a top was a target one of the three targets of the booth assassination plot lincoln. the lincoln was the vice president johnson and seward seward. when he was attacked when he was attacked, he was a stabbing attempt and bloody loud scuffle at at his home his two sons were also attack by louis powell powell. thought he had killed the secretary. in fact, he had not powell got out of the house, but then didn't know washington was lost wandered around for three days

before he was captured and and eventually executed but but seward survived and the the survival of seward. during from that attack was probably another one of the reasons that it did not it did not succeed the united states. the government was not decapitated because both johnson and seward survived that that awful evening in that spy plot. loretta loretta wanetta vallezquez was a double agent for the union army. except she wasn't they had they they were fooled to buy this cuban cuban born lady who purported to be loyal to the union but really remained a confederate spy her her job her spy work included working at the treasury making numerous trips

to europe and instigating a plan to develop to devalue us currency at the end of the war. she wrote a book interestingly. lots of these civil war spies seem to have written books and a something that i of course have no i don't support at all and her her story spelling her secrets was a woman in battle a narrative of the exploits adventures and travels of madam loretta wanetta valequez. otherwise known as lieutenant henry t buford confederate states army. at pages romance heroism clever betrayal like many books by cia officers. how much of it is true remains in dispute. so we talked about assessment as a critical tool of intelligence

and the in blue you a building over in in virginia on glebe road, some of you may remember it was just torn down the historic preservation. people did not succeed in maintaining this one. so as torn down about a year ago, but the the young guy and the picture this is where he first was interviewed by the agency. and as he tells his story, yeah, he's from the midwest and had come back to washington at the invitation. of the cia and was told to go to this address to be interviewed and so he did and you know, it was one of those kind of kind of standard interviews went back to his hotel that evening and wrote a note to his mother and said, yeah, well, i guess the interview went. all right, what surprises me though is how small the cia is

so not not knowing this was just an outbuilding not a not the headquarters of the building. it remained the principle location for applicants and for testing polygraph testing and then some initial instruction in the cia for a number of years during the 1960s and 1970s. the cuban matahari beautiful lady by the name of jennifer miles south african became became really a cuban effionisiato when she while she was in canada went to cuba worked in the cane fields of met a lot of important to cuban people recruited for the cuban service then sent to the united states sent back to washington and told get a job in the

government. she did get a job with south african embassy. and then began meeting and and dating and greeting and having affairs with a variety of individuals. she was controlled by two cuban diplomats out of new york. she had traveled to new york had an apartment there would exchange information and carry out her activities. it was then in 1980 when she finally started to make some serious. i'm sorry 1970 when she started making some serious inroads into people at the white house staffers at the white house that the fbi said we've had enough of this and they arrested or handlers and she was deported to south africa. so another case of the spies diversity of spies. ethnic gender whatever.

but this story gets even hotter and to tell that one that are welcome keith melton. good evening. washington has been known for many interesting things certainly casual relationships are one of them but the integration of these into an espionage context has been fascinating in the history of both the check intelligence service. they look as the most significant. former eastern bloc warsaw pact penetration of the cia during the cold war was an illegal couple carl and hanukkotcher. she is remembered as being warm beautiful sensational and orgasmic he is he is remembered as being everything that she

wasn't so the couple penetrated the cia and ultimately betrayed one of our most significant assets in the russian ministry of soviet ministry of foreign affairs man named alexander o'gorodnick. he was involved as a translator ultimately provided information. it allowed the soviets to identify him over again, it finally committed suicide it was significant case. they were ultimately swapped return to prague. this is carl and hana. is there about to be awarded in a suite at the check intelligence services? this young man who was seated here may be familiar to many of you. this is our fellow board member kgb general oligulugan who was personally involved in handling the case. we showed this picture today at lunch. he was with us in the first time. he'd seen it since the time so quite interesting we have only recently uncovered out of the

check files. this is an unknown drop site that they were using in communication with him at the georgetown square shopping center in front of the k-8 theaters, so interesting bit of history that that just showed up all the spies in history espionage of no good unless it can communicate a secret between an agent and a handler. enter in the cold war the function of most of the gadgets that were created that bob in his colleagues did such a good job of making was to facilitate that communication. how do you communicate secretly securely, how can you get a secret picture or recording? how can you pass it? well the russians and the soviets were indeed very sophisticated at this a typical example of this would be an operation called high fly and high fly was a gru, which is soviet military intelligence. it was a senior colonel at their

embassy here. it named vladimir is maloff and his mail off trolling the bars of georgetown makes an acquaintance with a us arm us air force officer. fbi gave the code name yogi. yogi complains his lack of money. he needs growth opportunities is male offset how wonderful essentially recruits him. there's specific interest in the 1985 period is star wars missile defense systems and yogi had access to the material unbeknownst to the soviets. he is actually being operated by office of special investigations and successfully drained the best gru tradecraft from the gre with the period and the key meeting place is was in fort washington, maryland old river road, and the key we had was this telephone pole and it took us the longest time to find the pole in the reason. is that the pepco the utility company had in the 1990s

renumbered the pope happily we were able to finally find a second set of numbers and helped us identify among the examples of things that came out of this. was an f-67 gru rollover camera. this was first developed in 1963 is quite a marvel today. we're very comfortable with the ideas and electronic devices a camera, but this was a handheld analog film camera that you could literally just move across a document and it would scan it to film. so quite exceptional for the time period this was the kind of a different packaging for the time, but it was the type of tradecraft equipment during the whole cold war was the heart of espionage and it was certainly the targets above the fbi and the cia at the time as technology has proceeded forward one of the most significant cases as brian patrick reagan the subject of a recent book.

that's by who couldn't spell he worked for the cia. retired military he is often referred to as an idiot savant and that he was brilliant in cyphers, but had great communication and personal relationships. he decided that his pension wasn't adequate and he made a decision to go to public libraries and made contacts to contact both the iraqis as well as the chinese and unbeknownst to us at the time. he had cashed one half ton. of classified information at 23 cash sites in both pocahontas state park in fredericksburg and patapsco state park outside of baltimore and what was clever at the time is he used the newly created gps and he had gps coordinates for each of his drop sites and they would refer to for example a tree. but then to make them more

obfuscated he took and would put a nail in the tree and he had another number that would indicate the direction and the number of paces from the tree into the park. he then took the documents put them in plastic bags triple wrapped them and buried them. he has the coordinates for all of these and the addresses of the embassies ciphered in a letter a document which was in his shoe when he decides to leave the us he goes to dulles airport us government who had been tracking his communications since he was on the internet arrests him at the airport, but we couldn't break his cipher. and it was a very very clever cipher. faced with what they knew was his bad activity in his offer to the iraqis in the chinese. he was offered a 12 year sentence plea bargain. he rejected that and wanted to go to trial. in the midst of this we were

able to break the cipher and what we found the key to it was buried at the fredericksburg exit sign off of i-95 at the base of the pole up in the top of the hill in a blue plastic toothbrush holder and in it was the key to the cipher and what's we once we got that we were able to find the sites. he went out ultimately with the team that recovered them. now you're saying was there anything there? there was a half ton of soggy documents. it was what he had done. he noticed it he wrapped the documents. they were secure, but he noticed bubbles in them and he was concerned that the bubbles may cause somehow the ground to rise. so he poked holes in the plastic to stop the buggles. the ultimately was just a half-ton of soggy mess, but it was one of the most significant cases. now in operational cases we had

some numbers of opportunities in the book. we're going to talk about that of your more your chinko the myers case robert hansen. among the most interesting examples of a tradecraft case is how many spies in history had an opportunity to examine a drop site? from their home and the case goes back to edwin moore who in 1976 throws a brick. over the wall at the soviet embassy on 16th street wrapped around the brick is a message in rope tied and rope says i have information to sell to the us government if you're add to the russian government if you're interested drop money in a package between this hydrant and the pole on this address and it's a cross from his house and he indeed surveilled the drop site. the security officer at the embassy a man named vitalier

chico the guards bring the rock to him. he doesn't see the message and said turn that over the dc police the dc police read the message and call the fbi the fbi fills the drop. he plays along. he was a retired nsa officer. and of course he was ultimately arrested now. this has an interesting twist to it. does the name vitali or chico mean anything to you? so you're chinko in 1985 becomes a defector to the us he defects he was stationed in rome. he defects ultimately he the us secretes him in a aircraft. they fly him to andrew's air force base. he's met by a limousine cia officer inside. they get his luggage. he quickly goes inside standard protocol the very first question you ask a defector is what do you know of any penetration of the us government now the person

asking the question is aldrich ames who was himself a spy for the russians at that point and in effect what aims is asking is do you know about me and your chico says no, but he goes to safe house. ultimately. he's debrief when he's debriefed. he gives them information that identifies mr. long who was ronald pelton? who's the man who called the russian embassy and bob pledge and recording out the other person that he identifies is a cia defector one of the first defectors edward lee howard. so the information he gave was absolutely valid. the interesting question is why did heat affect? well, he in rome was having an affair with the wife of another soviet diplomat kind of a common occurrence in soviet embassies abroad she with her husband then are we stationed in ottawa and he's left alone?

he's having stomach problems. he thinks it's from the stress. he goes to the soviet doctors and they tell him that he has stomach cancer, but unfortunately, it's not treatable by any drugs available to the russian doctors that it's only in the west to they have drugs such as this so being lovesick thinking he's terminally ill he makes a decision to defect to the us. arrives in the us among the things the cia does is of course give him a full physical they put him in the hospital and they discover he doesn't have stomach cancer he as an ulcer. they treat the ulcer his health recovers. so his health and his libido both are recovering. so he wants to make a plan to secretly go to ottawa to meet up with his love lost friend the wife and have her elope back to the us with him cia supports it the rcmp security service and

ottawa supported the person who makes the travel arrangements though is alter james. so ames in turn notified the kgb they're waiting in the apartment. he knocks on the door. they hear muffled men's voices inside. she comes to the door and says, no she will not come out and slams the door, so your chinco comes back to the us now. he's healthy. lonely and has no love affair. so he makes a decision to read effect back. to the ussr and he goes on a weekend on a saturday night with a cia handler a minder and they go to this restaurant. it was then called alpied kushon in georgetown. during dinner. he says he wants to go out for a smoke. he tells his cia mander if i don't come back don't think harshly of yourself, and he simply walks nearby to the soviet embassy and enters. his immediate statement they hold a press conference is that he was drugged by the cia and

was kidnapped now. is that very believable? well, he's a calculating individual. and he had been on a task force years ago that had judged a black sea fleet captain who had defected was homesick and then came back and he knew the deliberations is the kgb would have one of two choices. either admit he's a traitor and he did damage to the cause and executing or and by the way and suffer the ignomy of the poet bureau that they can't run their organization effectively or claim. this was all part of a very very clever plot that he's done in welcoming him home as a hero. well, they chose the latter and so they welcome him home though the service never allowed him again into the intelligence headquarters and he spent the rest of his career as a security guard in a bank and i interviewed him in 1997 and spent time with him for about an hour and a half. now interestingly. this is in seven november 1985

when he's on the plane back and in honor of his exit they did him honor guard to accompany him from the embassy this is valerie. martineoff martinov is one of the two eminem boys. these were the two of the cia and fbi's most significant penetrations inside the russian the soviet embassy and they were betrayed by both. alder james first in april of 85 and october 4th. so 33 days early or hanson head offered his second batch of information. and so martinez was executed arrested soon after the plane landed in new york city, so it's been an interesting case. he was never trusted by his colleagues again, but he's still alive and still working as a security guard in moscow. one of the most significant damage to the cia was done by aldrich james and this is

chadwick's of georgetown is now i believe mr. smith's of georgetown. it was here that in late april of 1985 that aims gave the big dump to the kgb which was a shopping bag filled with american secrets from this they were able to make numbers of identifications and arguably that of holy gordy. ebski. who was the most senior kgb officer the british in the he was recalled from moscow ultimately aims in his columbia colombian-born wife rosario would develop a very lavish lifestyle here in the us. he had such a need of money, especially for her expenses that this was one of the drop sites. we name a number of the drop sites in the book. this was codename park pipe and in his famous message to the kgb. he says i need as much money as can fit in this pipe, and i need it very quickly. ultimately.

they bought a home in arlington. they paid $520,000 cash their cover was quite clever. her family name was a well known name in columbia. her uncle was very successful and they covered the money saying that it was a gift from the family. he was ultimately prowling at planting a trip to the eastern europe. he was arrested by the cia fbi before he could depart interestingly his his license place is going to be on display in the new museum. this is soon after he was arrested. so he is the at the time the most damaging spy in the history of cia. the most damaging spy in the history of the fbi is robert hansen and this is hanson's residence on 94-14 talisman drive little known is the role played by. house across the street. this is 94-19. and after hanson had been identified in.

she would been the fall of 2000 the cia fbi understood for the first time who he was. this house had been on the market for about three months. not much interest. suddenly one afternoon a woman a well-dressed woman comes in says she'd like to buy it. no contingencies. no inspections. she'll pay cash and she'd like to close within seven days. they did. this would be the primary fbi observation post looking down right into the house hanson's name was code name. fbi was gray day kgb referred to him only as be all ramon. ultimately. he would communicate a dead drops around washington and northern virginia. we give a complete list of them in the book on his final drop in february 2001. it was at foxstone park his signal that he was filling the drop was a one-inch piece of johnson and johnson white medical tape placed horizontally on the left up right of the fox stone.

sign he disappeared into the park nine minutes. if you walk four and a half minutes into the park, you come to this bridge and he left his package beneath this left in placement between the bottom of the wooden bridge in the concrete and abutment there in the bank when he comes back out his car is left there. it's currently about 1700 about five pm. he has just dropped his best friend at dulles airport jack kosher his wife bonnie is waiting at home with a tv dinner and they're gonna watch nascar. these are robert hansen's last moments as he exits the park. whoops as he exits the park and he's walking up the hill. he's wearing his. great jacket his black sweater. he's armed. he's a serving supervisory

special agent. he's going to go to the top of the little hill there turn right his car is waiting the team expected him that night so really set up more for night photography than dave photography the camera at the drop site was not working so they have no picture of him filling the drop. he's turning right he's going to reach for his keys. the fbi doesn't know that he's reaching for a gun. they have a team of five individuals to make the arrest. they are now speeding towards the site in a modified chrysler minivan that they've just a disabled the child protection locks, so they're able to actually get out of it while it's moving. he's now being placed under arrest his final words as he's being arrested is so this is how it ends and hands and always spoke of himself almost in shakespearean third person. terms and so this was the most significant arrest in the history of the fbi and hanson damage to the fbi. we hope it's the worst there is

the most damage that was probably done to the to the us army or defense intelligence agency is certainly that of onamontes and unabailin montez with the queen of cuban spies was well infiltrated into the intelligence community here. she is a picture at a cia at senior intelligence conference course in july of 92. she was a graduate of john hopkins sais, she's likely recruited in that 1984 period she went to work to the department of justice working on freedom of information act. she had a top secret clearance, but without a polygraph she graduated from john hopkins, and she wanted to go into the intelligence community, but the only agency she could work for that didn't require a polygraph was a defense intelligence agency and she goes there we believe for a while that she was a romeo recruitment. she had been recruited by a male

at the at the university and doesn't seem to be true. she was truly an ideological convert. she believed passionately over the in the cuban system ultimately from 1985 to 2001. she would spy. she would become known as the perfect spy. because she became the definitive analyst in dia on cuba. she is the person that the military intelligence the us military looked to for strat strategic advice on cuba. she would be in a position to write policy that ultimately would affect the us relationship with cuba and finally she made her rolodex of contacts within the us intelligence community available to the cuban government at points. she was directed personally by fidel castro that was tasking her own specific missions just it doesn't get much worse for us

for years. we couldn't understand how she was communicating. the belief was that her communications were always with a member of the cuban mission in new york city it later turned out that she had 232. unauthorized meetings with cuban officials over coffee at starbucks at different locations around the dc area. so a significant damaging case. this is her residence. she lived in in this apartment. she had a very challenge. she had two siblings. she had that were members of the fbi. there were completely uninvolved with the case. she had a boyfriend who worked in for special operations lived in miami. she was operating from this bedroom. she was communicating. over one way voice link, which was a rf transmission over a shortwave radio. she would receive and decipher. she used a toshiba laptop computer.

this is a surveillance film of her coming into her house. once she came to the the attention kind of threw a fluke. she was placed under surveillance while she was under surveillance. ironically her boyfriend shows up unannounced from miami one night about 10pm on a saturday evening knocks on the door. she starts screaming at him and won't let him in turned out later that she was in the midst of receiving a one-way voice link transmission, and she couldn't stop they always repeat the numbers twice so she had a second go at it, but she couldn't do that while he was there. so ultimately he was completely uninvolved, but she received the 25 year prison sentence. it was the most damaging case in the history of the defense intelligence agency, but traders don't stop there one of the most interesting is is that of greg burgesson and burgesson work for the department of defense

security cooperation agency. he was in the position of being able to give input own technology that was going to be sold to taiwan defense equipment now, he was false flagged false flag by an he believed represented taiwan but was actually a chinese agent and the false flag premise was that we want to recruit you. we'd like you to give us help write papers for us. you're giving us information. we're going to get anyway, we're getting the technology you see if we know about it a little earlier we can fan we can plan our defensive spending and so we don't duplicate buying things that you're about to give us secretly. this was all being orchestrated by the chinese. what makes it very interesting is after he was discovered is the technical skill at which the fbi did so once the fbi is on to someone they don't get away and what they did was modify his car his suv so that they had two

cameras inside and full audio so they are able to surveill his meats the person he's speaking with is the chinese agent from new orleans, but the name of johnny quo and they are riding around northern. virginia and i thought you might like to hear him describing his activities in his own words. so this is greg sitting here. this is johnny quo sitting here. they're driving in the suvs and you'll heal him talking about what he does. i like this. i just wanted. oh, you sure that's okay. you sure. and that's nothing like a little money between friends. let's see. let's get another one back here. this is copying documents. i'm very very very reticent to let you have it because it's all

classified and but i will let you see it. and you can take all the notes you want. which i think you do today. but i if it ever fell into the wrong hands, and i know it's not going to but is it ever it's was then i would be fired for sure i go to jail because i violated home. well, actually he did violent all the rules now. what's interesting? is he stops at a rest stop to go in and use the the facilities there when he goes inside it turns out that quo is secretly tape recording the whole thing. so the fbi surveillance picks up surveillance that quo was running on the meeting as well. so it didn't end well for him you received about an eight year prison sentence one of the most interesting cases we cover. is that a foggy bottom and this refers to a 1999 operation in which this individual but the name of stanisloff goosef who was the top russian rf radio

frequency bugging expert one of in the world and he was stationed at the embassy here in washington the fbi and surveillance notices him loitering outside. the embassy on the state department on foggy bottom in his activity was very suspicious anyone have an idea what he was doing. he was feeding quarters into a parking meter. is that a consistent activity with the diplomat? diplomats don't pay for parking. there's no consequence. they can park anywhere. they want and seeing a russian intelligence officer. so feeding quarters into the meter was very very questionable. ultimately the fbi surveilled him. this is one of the surveillance films let's see. they noticed he was parking his car and what had happened is he has a listening device planted inside a fake piece of chair rail inside a conference room in

the seventh floor the the executive level of the state department. he has the receiver is in a car and in a mobile pack and he's there monitoring it sitting in the park and they're trying to record the communications, but they know the problem. is that the listening device the transmitter only has certain power so they're trying to turn it on and off selectively to conserve the power one of the things that the bureau notice or the parking places that he kept moving his car around to pick up a better signal the transmitter was here. this is the equipment that he used. actually we have a set of these pieces here on display. it'll be in the new museum now, but it was a very sophisticated intelligence operation. the last case that i wanted to chat with you about and certainly one of the most famous how many of you remember the ghost stories operations. the russian illegals in 2010. it's one of the most significant cases of russian operations in the us many of you are some of you may remember some would

glamorous redhead by the name of anna chapman, which got all the attention, but the the illegals were very effective. probably will look back on it as the watershed moment in russian illegal operations from the sense that historically illegals were the best train of russian spies. they would have careers that would span 20 or 30 years. they would go under a cover of false name. they would have a family they would have children. they had to live completely separate lives and operations, but what they discovered is the problem was maintaining cover and in a world of the internet and digital databases, you could not conceal your true identity even though you could make up records. you could show you what to a college and you graduated and you had a home. you couldn't constantly hide the records that would show that's interesting. all these records were created on the same date five years ago. you couldn't build a convincing cover. so the russians have found out a

more effective cover. just since somebody had a true name. that'll be a younger person having gone to university within the last five or ten years in moscow. true name flood put them in the immigrant stream coming to the us that 'em come here as a student smart articulate and they simply pass a noticed and this is this is the what happened with michael saminko. this is his apartment. he lived at in northern virginia sumiko was false flagged by the fbi. he came under attention. there was a decision that we're going to all the illegal to would be rested in late late june of 2010. there was not a convincing case against him. so the fbi called him to a fake meeting they new the code word to bring to the meeting. the agent who met undercover simply said we'd like you to do a clandestine act for us in that act as we have an envelope filled with 5,000. we want you to go to a park for the first time. we'll tell you in the book that

was in lover's run in arlington and the key was to leave the $5,000 on top of the abutment beneath the wooden bridge and that's what he's to do once he does that he shows he's operating under control of a foreign government. he's committed a clandestine act and he can be arrested so unbeknownst to him he goes to the site and there's a surveillance video waiting for him. and this is the video of the time now somewhere in the svr academy. they're showing the same video and this has to be the example of the longest time ever recorded to fill a drop site. he has to reach under the bridge and put the envelope there. it takes him two minutes and 43 seconds to do this. so this is the video can catch him coming out? there he comes and so he's coming he finds the bridge. reaches underneath will actually get down underneath now the

bureau had made it a little easier that they had put a big green spot of paint on the rock to identify. we want the money right on top of this. and he'll actually we won't sell spare you the rest of the two minutes looking at it, but it was a probably among the poorest tradecraft what they found is by recruiting very young agents you get youth you get vitality you get street smarts, but you like the tradecraft training and it was interesting that the two young agents on a chapman in macau saminko were both false flag by the fbi. so it's one of the many wonderful things that they do bob and i have just had great fun doing the book. it has been a labor of love. we had done too early books on spy sites of new york city and by sights of philadelphia. we're pleased to let you know the first book's been so sex so successful we are now doing new and double the size edition of spy sites in new york city for georgetown, press we're busy.

on now my passion is is peter mentioned to use the artifacts. there is nowhere in the world that artifacts and the craft of espionage are taken as seriously as we do here at the museum and it's my pleasure to have the artifacts here. we have some very effective and brave people that protect our country in the intelligence services. we are honored to tell their stories here. we hope some of this will be of interest to you and that you'll hopefully join us again in the future. we'd love to have you join the inner circle at the spy museum and visit with us our new museum will open in the summer of next year at law and font plaza. the structure is up drive by it sometime you'll see how impressive and if anyone had any questions. i know bob and i we'd be delighted to answer them. thank you. and when he was hit you here i'll but yeah any questions did we could we happy to chat about any of this? yes, ma'am.

god will dropships yes, this is very interesting. even it's very interesting. i do have a question for you. what does the cia think about you sharing this information? as a cia officer, i'm under lifetime obligation to submit any material that i write for the public to the cia publications review board that publications review board reviews the material and suggests or or identifies anything that is classified or inappropriate for public dissemination public for release to the public and then we talk about that and usually the publications review board wins.

so everything that's in these books that have my name on has been reviewed and approved by the publications review board. let me just add one note. that's a lovely answer bob. i really enjoyed it. what i actually know is it took them a long time to get that book through the publications review board and a lot of talking about issues. okay, we can take some more questions if you like. what a fascinating presentation. yes, ma'am. i'm just curious about all the people from the us that were turned by like the kgb how many of those people did the kgb actually know those people's names or were they unknown in terms of their specific names, but they knew like ramon, but they didn't really know it was hanson or it's it's a very very good question to our knowledge the only individual that argueably has maintained.

completely protected. his identity was was robert hansen and hanson was skilled as a counterintelligence officer and he his greatest likelihood of every being detected wasn't through bad tradecraft because the russians teach if you follow our tradecraft, it is foolproof. you will not be found. he knew his greatest fear was a us penetration within the russian intelligence and he would likely be betrayed by someone who learned his name now. he justified the people he betrayed so when he on october 1st, may all the letter to manny victor and offered the information, he betrayed three people he knew where us penetrations in the embassy, but he knew that someone else would do the same thing to him. so if he could maintain his anonymity he thought that would give a letter a layer of protection. arguably it does but then if we ask holy colluken said holy the

most important agent that you had in the us. would you allow him to remain anonymous? to answers once it says well, yes. but the other says would know. now so could they have set up a surveillance vehicle on one of the drop sites. the answer is yes, did they? we're still unsure. there was some hints that that they they gave if you look at the communications back and forth. there's some times that you believe for example, all of the the drop sites had an alpha mere alphan. better number on them they use names. they omitted the letter b in any of the names of drop sites now, is that a message? well, possibly because they know him as be but there's some reasons to believe he is the only one that ever had a plausible chance and the problem was how do you maintain your anonymity? but then prove that you have access to the documents and what he sent over the first time

we're so devastating that they knew that no one would have voluntarily sent that information in. long answer man yes. the questions you've got some real experts here. yes, sir, right here. coming around the mount. okay, i can go down there. okay. the mayflower should always be given credit for preserving the history that's taken place there might. three as a three years ago. my niece was a great fan of franklin roosevelt's i was gonna plan a trip here and as of three years ago, they would still let you stay in the very room that franklin roosevelt composed his his 1933 first inaugural address. and that that's a great thing to do to know that you have that history and preserve it on hanson. hanson and louis free were both members of the conservative catholic organization opus dei

and elaine shanahan and her life of hanson talks about the open state picnic. and the fact that hanson was showing movies of the open state picnic at saint ann's church on wisconsin avenue and louis freeway was in the audience knowing that he would arrest hanson in three days that story true. yeah, well, it's an interesting point. so all that is true in the key is that hanson went to church daily. and repented for the sins, he would then. commit that night when he would pass documents to the russians the first time he was ever caught. that's the that's the interesting point to me hanson had been unfaithful to his wife bonnie her maiden name was bonnie walk and bob had a significant girlfriend in college, but he had been infatuated with bonnie walk. who was the most beautiful girl in campus and bob was kind of a

tall geeky guy in somehow he ended up with the college beauty. so is college girlfriend to show his new wife that he she wasn't that special they had an affair on the evening of day. he was married. and so body discovers this later, but she was married for life, and she never ever trusted bob again. so in 1979, he was stationed in new york city. they were living two hours out. they could barely afford it. he's in the basement of his home and he secretly writing this furtive note to someone bonnie discovers it and thinks immediately. he's got another girlfriend. he says no. no, it's not that it's only to the russians. i'm playing a game on so what does bonnie say? bob we've got to go meet with the open. stay priest tomorrow and she drags bob to the opus de priests

and makes him confessed to the priest. the priest says you've got to do the right thing and you've got to turn yourself into the fbi and confess what you've done now. what do you think bob's response is? i'd like to sleep on that. the next morning before he can respond the priest calls back and says, you know, i may have another idea come in and he had to say a thousand hail marys and give all the money he'd earned which estimated 30,000 give it back to a rush to it to a catholic charity. he later claimed and told the priest that he gave it to mother teresa though interestingly the bureau looked and there was no record of any money transfer ever going to him. so bonnie new about it. but he kept silent until 1985. bonnie wood at a later point discover a role of large amount of money in bob's gym bag she

called her brother who is a catholic priest in rome and says i'm concerned that bob's up to bad things again that brother calls the other brother who is an fbi agent in chicago working on the polish squat and says, i believe our brother-in-law is a spy. the f current fbi officer calls his supervisor and says i believe my brother-in-law is a spy. it gets murky at that point that that supervisory agent never files a report and they never pursued it. and so hanson was able to file for years later, but director free knew about it. the problem was they knew there was a traitor because they could never explain all the losses in russia following in 1986. 87 is the agents betrayed by anne by by ames were racked up and they could never justify

them. so they were constantly looking for the mold. they believed it was a cia officer in a close friend of mini as us here named brian kelly and it was actually robert hansen. they were the same age they live on the same street. they had a similar background and they had run similar cases. so it was a great shock when hanson was discovered and it's it's a remarkable case. he's still alive in florence, colorado and super max. okay, ask your question and you'll get a good answer. yes, how about right here? here's a mic. i'm just curious. i think it was handsome to say this is how it ends when he was being arrested from i guess. i'm not sure how many people you've been able to interview but the majority of them feel like you know, this is how it ends or is there more of a sense of invincibility and they're going to get away with it? well, i was told that by the officer that put handcuffs on him.

and by the way, we'll have those handcuffs on display in the new museum to open next next year and in going the ghost stories illegals. we have the set of handcuffs that each of the ten where there were arrested had so it's kind of an honor for an fbi officer to put his cuffs on a bad guy at the time and i'm told specifically those were exactly the words, but it was almost in a shakespearean sense that he saw himself in the third person says, so this is how it ends but interestingly when he was in the car. and he's handcuffed in the back of the vehicle there. they didn't immediately take him and call a press announcement because they wanted to arrest the svr officer that was coming to clear the drop so they actually took him to a small jail south of quantico a regional jail and kept him there overnight and the the svr never came and cleared the drop site, but it was in the car as they were driving him down there. he started trying to talk as a

colleague to the two fba agents instead of just arrested him and finally they said bob. don't talk to us anymore. you're no longer a colleague. you're a spy. so it was a bit cathartic moment. but those were the exact words if i understood your question. keith melton, oh, i'm sorry, bob go ahead two weeks before all rich aims was addressed. it was arrested alder james went to the chief of the soviet division at cia. and alder james said, you know, i'm coming to the end of my assignment in the counter in the counter narcotics group, and he said now i'm looking i'm looking for my next job the chief of the ce division soviet union time knew that that aims was a spy. and he said oh, yes, and and older james said yes, they're really two jobs that i'm interested in one. i'm interested in being deputy

chief in moscow if that is open the other job. i'm interested in i understand you're moving upstairs to be the deputy to the direct to the deputy director for operations what we call in the cia the addo. and and the chief said yes. yes, that's correct. and and said well, i i think i'd like to be your assistant on the on the seventh floor. and the chief again knowing what he knew said well all rick rick. i'll tell you what i can assure you this i will do everything in my power to see that you get what you deserve. about a month later now older james is being debriefed by the cia and the fbi to determine the degree to which the damage that he had done and damage

assessment and alder james says now i know what that son of a -- meant. i think we have time for one more question. hi, i heard in my readings that they had one as far as i know only one elected official that was spying for i believe it was the soviet union or american spying for the soviet union and supposedly he walked into i don't he was a congressman from new york any either walked in the mission over there or in the embassy here and it did anybody ever discover that until many years later or did they discover it it while he was still alive? this is congressman samuel dickstein from new york. new york congressman 1937 was recruited by soviet union soviet intelligence. was then for the next three years was an off and on again troublesome source for the agent agent for them one of the things you learned in the intelligence

business is not all of the agents are real pleasant people and easy to get along with so and evidently congressman -- steen was in that in that code so by 1940 1941 the soviets had pretty much given up on him. although he he had in fact given them some information spied for them during the previous three years. it was about that time that congressman dixie also introduced the legislation to create the house on american activities committing which then was passed in those created and actively hunted communists throughout the united states government in 1945 congressman dix dean retired from congress became a judge in the state of new york served honorably in that capacity before he passed away. he was never identified as a spy

until we released the winona transcripts in the mid 19 in the mid 1990s. winona was an activity a collection activity of soviet. communications between their center and their operations in new york and and washington. that was a laborious effort to decrypt those communications that had occurred from the late 30s through through the 1950s, and he was one of the several people that were then identified conclusively identified as soviet agents from from those transcripts the other well known one was alger his okay. oh, yes, and keith always reminds me keith loves these code names. oh, yeah the code name for

congressman dickstein was crook. okay, go home. get night's sleep. and when you wake up in the morning and read your paper, see if it matches anything you heard here tonight. keith melton and bob wallace. thank you so much for an absolutely fascinating evening. they will both be here answering some brief questions, but back signing books. thank you so much for joining us this evening. american history tv on c-span 3 every weekend documenting america's story funding comes from these television companies and more including comcast. are you think this is just a community center? no, it's way more than that comcast is partnering with 1000 community centers to create wi-fi enabled lift zones. so students from low-income

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programs on thomas jefferson on the president's view on education an interpretation conversation between jefferson and abigail adams and a tour of his gardens at monticello exploring the american story watch american history. be this weekend on c-span 3 entertainer josephine baker baltimore resident, virginia hall and muslim pacifist norcon were recruited as spies during world war ii up next cia museum deputy director janelle neises and professor elizabeth baer discuss the important role these women played and how they were able to use prejudice and sexism to their advantage. this event was hosted by the us holocaust memorial museum, and they provided the video. good morning, and welcome to another episode in our facebook live series. i'm your host historian, edna friedberg. during each program we ere