and, you know, there are multiple people there willing to talk about the experience and they have chapters across the nation, the main one is the triangle one around quantico. >> among the greatest of the greatest generation. jeremy, it has been a pleasure, it has been enlightening. it has been great to have you here for the first time and i want to tell you i will look forward to the next time and the time after that, and the time after that. thank you so much again for joining us this evening. >> i appreciate the opportunity and thinks the audience as well. >> you're watching american history tv all weekend every weekend on c-span three. >> the c-span cities tour travels the country exploring

the american story. since 2011 we have been to more than 200 communities across the nation. like many americans our staff is staying close to home due to the coronavirus. a look at one of our city's tour visits. >> [speaking spanish] >> welcome to the center for basque studies. the center was created in 1967. it is now 52 years old. it was created here because it was originally part of the institute to study immigration to the desert. after that, it slowly progressed into what we have today, a center for western studies, which main goal is to study the basque culture in the americas, specifically in nevada and other states of the union. most basque people are located in the american west, from

wyoming to idaho, colorado, mexico, arizona, nevada and california. the basque country is located in bay of biscay. more or less 80% of the country. 20% of the country is not of the pyrenees. we are just in the south of england, so the bay of biscay is in between basque country and england. we know more or less 60,000 people in the u.s. call themselves basque. this is based on census data. at the same time, we know there

is a larger population of basque. we know that also because there are more basques that participate in the census. the largest community in the u.s. is in the san francisco bay area. the second-largest one is in boise, idaho. we are in the third largest area of basque population. nevada has what is called a basque capital of nevada, which is in northeast nevada. here we also have a strong community of basque. one of the most interesting parts of our basque collection is the photograph collection. we host around 25,000 items in that collection, covering all kinds of activities of basque

people, both here in the diaspora and in the old country. of those 25,000, around 5000 are now available online in our data collections, so anyone can reach them and take a look. here we have a selection that covers some of the activities or actions that are more related to basques in the west. the first basque driving to the west were the altuve brother. the first basque arriving to the west through argentina. first groups of basque were closely connected to sheep herding. sheep herding was the main activity for a long time for basques in the west. even the last arriving in the

1960's, 19 settings -- 1970's, on boats were sheepherders. we have a picture related to that activity in the sierra nevada with a sheepherder taking care of the sheep, with the help of the dog. basque sheepherder dogs are quite famous in the area. flocks are much smaller, but the landscape is more complicated for she. they are in such open landscapes there, it is more mountainous than here, so sheep need help. basque herders sheepdogs to the west.

continuing talking about activities related to sheep herding, in the late 1980's, a group of people here in reno decided it was important to keep the memory of sheep herding alive. it was an activity that was disappearing for basques. as we say earlier, 1970's, so the arrival of flagship herders to the west. this community in reno decided to build a monument to the basque sheepherder. one of the first businesses outside sheep herding for basque is managing boarding houses. these hotels were the place where the newcomers who arrived at the first contact with

society around them. we provide a note of services. they will provide bed and breakfast and food. then they will provide services like writing letters in english. paperwork they need to do, opening a bank account. boarding houses in reno, and generally in the west were near the railways and the station. why? because there was a place where newcomers were arriving. they were trying to attract newcomers to the place. usually they knew where they were arriving. it means they were going to this place with someone, or going to this boarding house. they were near the railways for

old comers and newcomers. a well-known basque activity in the west is basque festivals. every year around summer, places will host a basque festival organized by the local basque club. here in reno, we have the basque club. it is in relation to the number of seven. we have seven regions. this is a call to unity. seven are one, let's be together. it is an unusual name for basque clubs. this basque club organizes the basque festival in reno every july. this is one of the items from

our poster collection. it is for the reno basque festival in 1989. we host around 5000 basque posters from the country itself and festivals. another component of basque culture -- most exports were related to work in farms. our what are called strength related sports. there are others related to leisure. we have some items in our collection related to those sports.

pelota was known in the u.s. because a lot of counts were built inside casinos in the u.s. basque pilota, one of the types of pilota, thinking a sport for betting and was offered in casinos across the country, including here in reno. an this one here -- and this one here, this is the kind that was played here in the casinos for betting. with these very hard pilotas. these pelotas were traveling at more or less 180 miles per hour.

this is one of the fastest sports in the world. so they need to use helmets to be secure. the center for basque studies is important, because it is the main research facility about basque cultural history in english all around the world. so we received people from europe, from the americas, from asia that is interested in learning about basques. as such, the library provides the support for doing that research with our archival collection, our poster collections, and providing access to the main collections. announcer: you could watch this

end of the programs on the country at c-span.org/ c-span.org/citiestour. this is american history tv on c-span three. american history tv is on social media. follow us at c-span history. announcer: here on c-span3 every weekend we feature american history. on c-span to focus is public affairs and on c-span two nonfiction books. here are highlights of programs airing on our companion networks, c-span and c-span two book tv. >> black texans celebrated. many white texans responded to the celebrations with violence on their stories about people who were whipped. because they celebrated the end of slavery.

there are accounts of unleashing a torrent of violence on the freed men. someone talks about coming to an area and finding almost 30 bodies of black people, men, women, and children hanging from trees. talk somebody's in the river. once whites lost their control over them a number of whites responded with extreme hostility. >> a pulitzer prize historian talks about juneteenth and shares her stories from growing up in texas during the 1960's and 1970's tonight at 8:00 p.m. eastern on q&a. you can also listen to q&a as a podcast where you get your podcasts. ♪

[captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2021] announcer: book tv on c-span two has top nonfiction books and authors every weekend. tonight at 9:00 p.m. eastern on afterwards, former nypd commissioner on his book the profession, a memoir of community, race, and the ark of policing in america. he has interviewed by the former philadelphia police commissioner . tonight at 10:00 p.m. eastern elizabeth hinton with her book america on fire, the untold history of police violence and black rebellion since the 1960's. watch book to be c-span two tonight.

comcast along with these television companies supports american history tv on c-span 3 as a public service. gunston hall a national historic landmark in virginia was home to one of the lesser-known known founding fathers george mason. up next on american artifacts. we visit the property along the potomac river to learn about his political life and his time as a slave owner on the 5,000 acre plantation. he drafted the 1776, virginia declaration of rights was a delegate to the federal convention in philadelphia, but refused to sign the constitution because it did not include a bill of rights.