events that document the american story. the c-span cities tour travels the country exploring the american story since 2011. we've been to more than 200 communities across the nation like many americans our staff is staying close to home due to the coronavirus. next a look at one of our city's tour visits. on gatorade escalator centura a usual libert welcome to the center for basquez studies and the basque library. the center was created in 1967. it is now 52 years old and it was created here because originally it was part of the desert institute in order to study immigration to the desert after that slowly it progressed until what we have today a center for vasque studies, which main goal is to study bus the

bus culture in america in the us specifically in nevada and in other states of the union most of us people are located in american west from wyoming to idaho, colorado, new mexico, arizona, nevada and california, the bus country is located in the corner of the bay of this game. in the border between the mainland europe and the iberian peninsul more or less 80% of the country is southern of the pyrenees. 20% of the country is north of the pyrenees so we are just let's say in the south of england so the bay of the sky is between the basque country and and england. we know that more or less 60,000 people in the us called themself

basque. this is based in sensors data at the same time. we know that there is a larger population of basque descendants, and we know that also because they are more basques that participate in basque events or bus clubs that the numbers in the sensors. the largest community in the us is in in the san francisco area. the second largest one is in boise, idaho, and we are in the third largest area of past population, nevada has what is called a basque capital of nevada, which is elco in northeast, nevada. and then here we have also a very strong community of us that is organized around the basque club here. one of the most interesting parts of our bus collection is the photograph collection we

host around 25,000 items in that collection. covering all kind of activities of bus people both here in the diaspora and in the old country of those 25,000 around 5,000 are now available online in our digital collections. so anyone can reach them and take a look to those. here we have a selection that covers some of the activities or actions or that are more related to basques in the west. first basque arrive into the west where the tube brothers so we have here two pictures of bernardo and pedro altuve which were the first basque arrive into the west. through argentina first groups

of basquez were closely connected to ship herding so ship herring was the main activity for a long time for basques in the west. even the last bus arrived during the 670s and were brought here to work as shippers. so we have here some picture related to that activity, which those large flocks in the in the sierra nevada with the ship her and taking care of the sheep with the help of the dark bus ship her dogs are quite famous in the area. flux in the device country has much as smaller, but the landscape is more complicated for for cheap. the they aren't so open landscape landscapes. there is more mountainous than here. so sheep need help from from

those ambassadship has brought those shipping dogs with then to the to the west. continent talking about activities related to ship herding and in the late 1980s group of people here in in reno and decided that it was important to keep the memory alive. the memory of chip hurt in alive. it was an activity that was disappearing for tasks as we say earlier. 1970 so the arrival of the last ship herders the west so this port here in reno decided to to create bill a national monument the past ship further. one of the first businesses outside ship hurting for basque was managing boarding houses and basque hotels this hotels were

the place were newcomers were will arrive will have the first contact with a new society around them will provide an all kind of services. obviously, they will provide bad and breakfast and food general. but then they will provide services like right in letters in english. all kind of paper was the need to do open in a bank account and they like that they weren't able to do when they first arrive boarding houses in reno and in general in the west were near the railway and the station why because they there was a place there newcomers were arriving. so the work there trying to attract new commerce to their place. usually they knew where they were arriving the that we went to this place with someone or

they will they were going to add this boarding house and but they were near the railways for companies both owners and newcomers. another well-known basque activity in the west are basque festivals every year around summer tense and tens of places will host a bus festival organized by the local bus club. here in reno we have the saspiac back bus club suspect but means 7 r1 and it's in relation to the number of bus regions. we are 7 regions in the country. and so this is a call to unity suspect path 7 r 1 less b together and it's unusual name for basque clubs another kind of organizations. so the suspect but bus club

organizes the the bus festival here in reno every july and this here is one of the items from our for our poster collection. and it's for the bus reno bus festival in 1989. we host around 5,000 bus posters both from the basque country itself and from the diaspora. bus sports and are another component of bus culture. most of the sports in the world's country are related to work in farms. so are what are called strong sports and strong related strength related sports at the year others that are related to leisure and the most well known of this is basque pelota or scalpy lotus we call it.

we have some knights in our collection that are related to to that those sports and bus pelota was very well known in the us. because a lot of front tones or pelota cars were built inside casinos in in the us. so bus fellow especially if the punta which is one of the types of a lot of became a sport for betting and were part of the offer of casinos all around the country including here in reno and this one here. it's a testa. of testapunta the kind that was played here in the front-ons in in the casinos for betting with this kind of very hard a lotus so they were even dangerous

because this pallotters were traveling at more or less 180 miles per hour. and test aponte is one of the of the fastest sports in the world. so they need to use helmets and the light be to be secure. the center for process studies is important because it's the main research. facility about basque cultural history in english all around the world. so we receive people from europe from the americas from asia that is interest in learning about tasks. um, such library provides the support. for doing that research with our cable collection with our photograph collection with our poster collections and providing access to the main collections

of the unner libraries. you can watch this and other programs on the history of communities across the country at c-span.org cities tour. this is american history tv only on c-span 3. sunday on american history tv a panel of journalists and law professors compares the definitions of free speech in france and the united states and explores whether france's model would work here. here's a preview. um the supreme court, but it first began interpreting the first commitment in 1919 upheld the convictions of a broad range of individuals who would criticized world war i and the draft on the ground that such speech could interfere with the ability of the government to to

draft soldiers and to fight the word successfully and therefore it could be prohibited. and then later on during the communist era in the 1950s the supreme court upheld the convictions of all the leaders of the communist party on the ground that their speech could be harmful to the nation. and during the civil rights era lower courts upheld convictions of civil rights marchers because they triggered a response by white onlookers that was seen as violent. and therefore you could punish the martyrs for for doing this and over time with the supreme court came to understand is first of all, we cannot trust ourselves to have the authority to decide what we as americans can say in the moment, we may think we are being fair-minded and balanced and appropriate and proportionate but with hindsight we realized that our judgment

has been severely colored by the circumstances and by the pressures of the time and with the court learned over those decades is that it cannot trust. ourselves and it cannot trust itself. to have the authority to approve the suppression of speech when that speech might be offensive to others. and even if it causes harm unless the harm is essentially like to create a imminent and engrave danger and it one wouldn't start there if one wanted to begin in 1919 and one would have a hard time justifying such an extreme approach to free speech and even though as we know just as homes and justice brandeis embraced an approach somewhere like that very early on it's not even clear. they would have carried it as far as we do today.

so i think a lot of a lot of first amendment jurors prudence and this issue is the product is the product of learning for our own mistakes and learning we cannot trust ourselves and in particular. we cannot trust yourself to allow the majority to decide what points of view can be prohibited. yes, you can regulate speech in terms of the time place and manner of speech not based on the message being communicated as low as it's reasonable. but as soon as the government picks out particular points of view, whether it be anti-war speech or communist speech or civil rights speech or hate speech. we don't trust ourself to do that. and we therefore air dramatically on the side of guaranteeing free speech and there's a cost to that. it means we're allowing speech that does cause all sorts of harm in society, but what we've learned is that better to deal with those farms than with the danger of giving the government the power to decide which ideas and which points of you it will censor watch the full program

sunday at 7pm eastern 4pm pacific here on american history tv. next on american history tv jerry enzler discusses his book jim bridger trailblazer of the american west bridger was a traitor and guide who traveled across much of the western wilderness from the 1820s to 1868 the kansas city public library hosted this event and provided the video. i'm jeremy drouin manager of the missouri valley special collections. the library's local history department in archives. thank you for joining us for another online installment of our signature sunday series. we look forward to the day when we can once again hold the vents inside our auditorium, but until that time we will continue to offer a variety of online programming. if you missed one of our recent events, you'll find them archived on the library's