the society's most recent publication "table for two." we are serving justice marshall's maryland crab soup, and mrs. marshall's mango bread. copies of "tables for nine" are available at the society's gift shop along with many other books and many other gifts. the giftshop is on the ground floor of the court, and it will remain open throughout the reception tonight. ladies and gentlemen, the 2018 national heritage lecture is now adjourned. [ applause ]

in 1970 president richard nixon developed the latest national policy towards native americans, priebl self determination. to give is autonomousy to tribes to be independent of federal oversight without being cut off from federal support. the chairman of the reno sparks india colony in reno, nevada talks about the relationship between federal, state and tribal governments. >> many tribal governments have large land bases but here most of the tribes have small land bases most referred to as colonies, in california they're referred to as rancherias, a lot of colonies, they have a lot of

status, there's no difference just that they're smaller. in 1917, even before that, when the pute and wash u people were in this valley here in reno sparks, this whole truckee meadow valley. they used to camp along the truckee river, there's historic camps along the river where their camps were basically old areas where they were 'em camped and back in 1917 there was a movement by some of the people, the towns people here to support indian reservation, because i didn't think they really wanted indians camped up at different locations, they kind of got in the way. so i think the idea was if you could put them in a certain place you could basically keep an eye on them neend where they're at and they would have a

reservation so it was supported. many came to this area for jobs. the women did housework, you know, those type of jobz for some of the people here. most of the men did agriculture type work, working in action action type picking different type of vegetables, whatever, so that, i think, basically our tribe started mainly because economic opportunities in the truckee meadow on a that's how our tribe basically started. our governing body which was first established under the indian reorganization act in 1934, 35, basically allowed us to have a tribal constitution which was basically written by

not the triep itself many tribes receive the same constitution so we made of improvements to that over the years. that document lays out the role of the tribal council 17s -- has, also basic civil rights, also a section that says who the tribal members are. how do you become a tribal member, by degree of indian blood. we actually have three tribes. in one. different from tribe that's have one tribe. we recognize the government has entrusted responsibility to indian tribes as was defined

that were dependent sovereign nations as defined by chief justice marshall in the cherokee cases in 1800s, 1830 tz, cases in 1800s, 1830s i believe. so we held the federal government accountability, tribes gave up many thousand acres of land tribes gave up for the federal government providing for health care and funding for programs, everything from essential government services, law enforcement, to tribal court systems, to social service systems. the federal government has a certain amount of responsibility what they call press responsibility to native american tribes. and i think there's nearly, if i -- there's over 570 tribes now

federally recognized. during the organization act we were basically at that time what you would term a federally recognized tribe where the federal government recognized us and tried to contend we didn't have to be recognized by anybody we were basically here from memorial and didn't have to have somebody else recognize us. so governments have, you know, tribal people have always met, tribal council, even prior to the indian reorganization act, so it wasn't anything new, you just kind of took on the european style of government. i think we have kind of grown over time. time, you know, with the change in the time, you know, we're kind of in an era of what they term self-determination. in other words, one of the challenges to tribes was this

paternalistic idea that the federal government had to do everything for tribes. at the time richard nixon, i think in the johnson/nixon area became the idea of self determination that's act was passed to really give the tribes more responsibility rather than the federal government doing all these difrp things for us. different things for us. that's when we seen this transition into empowerment. of tribes to live self-determined, in other words xtd -- today we're in an area of self-governance where tribes basically contracted for the funding that they basically ran these programs themselves. they just hired their own people. they hired whoever they wanted to hire. didn't have to really use indian health service, you know, employees to really -- and some tribes still do that today. our health care really seems self governance funding. we run the health center

ourselves with certain amount of federal funding. we do that. i think we've come a long way. our strength is we're located in the city. all we have to do is buy properties and bring the businesses into the tribe. in rural, nevada, may not ruin businesses even if you were to buy piece of land. so the strength of us was to really recognize, what are our strengths, do we have a stable, tribal government. banks want to know how stable you with the government. are you changing chairman every year, some tribes do, if you have to have a stable tribal leadership, stable council, and some councilmember have been on a long time besides myself. so if you have experience and new people they can learn from the people that are on there. so a stable tribal government would be another strength. what would all right weaknesses be? well, you know, there's

weaknesses of legislation that could change, you know. for example, with the taxes, there was talk in nevada where we sell tangible products like tobacco, automobiles, those are tangible, if the state of nevada goes to a different type of tax, something that has to do with not tangible products, you know, they come up with different taxing schemes, if they said well we're going to lower the sales tax from 7% to 5, we'd lose about couple million dollars if they did that. they tried to institute a service tax or something like that, meaning that, that's why we don't do insurance companies. if we brought insurance company there wouldn't be tax there because it's not selling a tangible product. right. so any time the state changes our taxing scheme our lobbyists have to be at the table saying we better oppose this because if they lower the sales tax we're going to lose a bunch of money.

those are reasons we have lobbyists at the federal level, against cross the board legislation and congress but then we have to have the same thing at the legislation, which we do today, because it's going on. we look at bills that could be detrimental to us and we have to go and impose it. the future looks pretty good. i think the tribe's in a really good position, you know. >> 60 years ago on april 17, 1961, a force of more than 4,100 cia cuban exiles launching invasion at bay of pigs on the southern coast of cuba called brigade 726 with the goal to over throw communist leader fidelitiel castor who took over. in several days more than thousand kills and hundred

captured and it set the stage a year later for the nuclear showdown with the soviet union known as the cuban missile crisis. beginning at 8:00 p.m. tonight on american history tv we look at the failed invention and consequences. kwoo.

next on lectures in history, getties this class is about 50 minutes. welcome to introduction to the american civil war era. we're now in our third week in this course. my, what ground we've covered this far, well, we have more to cover today bec w