lincoln lost the election. not because he wasn't convincing, not because he didn't get votes but because the legislative portion that favor downstate democratic voters more heavily than mid state in upstate republican voters, mr. douglass was reelected. but lincoln's words have made such a deep impact, that even though he loses the election, he wins national attention and suddenly people are asking all across the country, who is this man from illinois? who bearded stephen a douglas in his own then. who is this man, lincoln? but it would not be lincoln they would hear from next. oh no. the next voice would come from our old friend, john brown.

and that's where we will pick up in our next hour. from a museum perspective, we like to think of it as a two football fields of education and entertainment. so it's a great hook for us to get people appreciating and understanding a little bit more, the history of the great lakes. so, we are on the pilot house deck of the colonel james schoonmaker museum ship which is the national museum of the great lakes largest artifact at 618 feet long. the schoonmaker was a commercial freighter from when he was built in 1911 until then went to a long term layup in the early 19 eighties and then

became a museum ship in the city of toledo, purchased it from the owner around 1987. her main purpose was to deliver iron ore from the lake superior region down to lake erie to the places like ohio, where was unloaded and put in railroad cars and taken to pittsburgh for the shan angle furnace of company, which owned a fleet of boats in order to support its steelmaking business. at its time, it was the largest carrier and i remained the largest carrier, meaning it could carry more bulk material than any other from 1911 until 1927, which was a very long time when every, year a new book came out that was a little bit longer. the because this boat was built so wide in 1911, it could carry more cargo for almost 16 years than any other boat constructed between that time. so, we are now in the pilot house of the colonel james schoonmaker and the pilot house often called the wheel house is

where the command decisions are made to operate a commercial vessel. so the captain, a first mate, would be in here as well as some other junior officers who would assist the captain with navigation, steering of the vessel, communicating with the engine room or with respect to how fast they want about to go or in what direction. kind of command central of the operating of a 20th century great lakes ball carrier. here we have your standard wheel, which will steer the boat. the schoonmaker has two wheels because it has one wholly separate emergency system on board. a compass, basic navigation required as technology improved, sometimes the old technology was kept so not only do you have a simple compass, you'll have a dry wrote repeating compass as well. when radar is introduced on the great lakes over here and here,

radar is introduced after world war ii. that this little proves new boon of the book to see what's coming in this direction. as well as the most kind of iconic piece of equipment, which everybody seems to recognize from the movie titanic, the engine telegraph, which is the system of communication between the pilot house and the engine room. she was 618 feet, depending on how you measure her but 619 feet long and about 62 feet wide, which was just perfect to fit through the sue locks up at sault ste. marie in order to maximize the amount of cargo that she could carry from lake superior down to the lower lakes. so, we are now in the cargo hold, number two of the colonel james schoonmaker museum ship. this is where literally thousands of upon thousands of tons of cargo, probably millions over the course of 70

years of bull cargo like iron or, like coal, like a limestone would have been transported across the great lakes. the schoonmaker as ballast tanks on either side of cargo holds in order to help the navigation of the boat but being able to sit low in the water or raise up in the water when it's filled with cargo. it also has arched construction, which was a developed really at the first decade of the 20th century which allowed more and more cargo to be placed in the cargo hold to make the votes more efficient. there are three cargo holes, roughly caring about 4800 tons of cargo per trip. so, this boat could carry just over 14,500 tons of cargo. so, by the time the schoonmaker was built in 1911, the cargo would be removed primarily if it was our in our, would be removed with iran or on motors,

which were mechanized arms that were attached to massive dock side infrastructure, which would reach down through the cargo holds of the vessel and with these huge clam shell buckets, scoop up two titans to three tons of cargo each time, take them out of the cargo hold and then deposit them into railroad cars, waiting at dock side. a boat like this could take with iron ore on voters, could take seven to ten hours to unload at dock side, which was a vast improvement over earlier systems of unloading, which would take a day and a half, to today sometimes to agut. two, bozo the great lakes are always looking for as many cargo that they can possibly carry. they generally have a principle cargo and for so many years, all the freighters on the great lakes try to carry our nor because it was the main cargo.

but there is also cold that is shaped on the great lakes, stone aggregate used in the creation of steel, limestone, construction material stone, today's salt is mined in the great lakes region and carried by a boat from city to city for road salt. so they carry a variety of products. there are still votes on the great lakes that carry grain and so, grain silos on riverside's across the great lakes will place grain in the cargo hold of about and it will be shipped, often off the great lakes through the st. lawrence seaway. so, in many ways, if you could took us photograph of a port like toledo or cleveland or milwaukee in 1911, the port would look chaotic because there would be hundreds of vessels operating out of that port on any given day. and, it would be different

because there would be a wide variety of styles of vessels. in 1911, you still had hundreds of sailing vessels, school nurse, delivering cargo on the great lakes under sail forces a boat like the schoonmaker which was operated under steam. we are now in the engine room of the james schoonmaker museum ship, and it this is the room where the power button that is created to move the ball through the water comes from. originally, the colonel james m. schoonmaker museum ship had expansive xi mentioned. by the 19 fifties, that technology had been supplanted van. so, the engine was taking out and then use team turban system was placed in it and all the equipment that you see in the engine room today it's based on steam turbine technology. except for the engine of telegraph which is now the other end of the communication system with the pilot house. so when the captain wants the

boat to go full ahead, he sends a signal via the communication system of the chat, burned back to the engine room, they acknowledge it and put the vote into full ahead steam power. >> so major control system here for the steam turbine allows the chief engineer to ensure that there is enough steam to turn determine which then turn to the shaft of the propeller which turns a propeller. so, all the things that there is the protection of seem, the amount of steam in the boilers, the temperature that the water is boiling at, the amount of pressure that that creates is all controlled through one mechanical systems here but that are certainly sophisticated then when the boat was built in 1911. so behind us are the two major boilers of the schoonmaker before scum brush conversion to a steam turbine. you would have men with troubles to the cold pins

taking coal and shoveling them into the fire box in order to heat the water in order to create the steam. the ultimate end of the commercial career for the steam maker was more that demand for steel and other industrial products like coal and limestone and salt on the great lakes than it was for the condition of the vote. in the late 19 eighties, the city of toledo developed an idea to bring in attraction to the downtown area, the boat was laid up in toledo, so it hadn't been used in about seven or eight years. it was called long term layup, the company was waiting for some condition to change that might justify it being bought out again. but, the city of toledo purchased it for a couple hundred thousand dollars and began the process of turning it into a museum ship. it's a great way to get people to think, i'm going to get to go on one of those things that i have seen or my father saw when he lived up here in the

great lakes. to get them involved in history. and then they go through the museum and they are amazed at what has happened over the last 300 years on the great lakes. so, it's a great hook for us to get people appreciating understanding a little bit more, the history of the great lakes. >> 60 years ago on april 17th 1961, a force of more than 1400 cia trained cuban exiles launched an invasion at the bay of pigs on the southern coast of cuba, called brigade 20 5:06. their goal was the overthrow of fidel castro who had taken power only two years earlier in the cuban revolution. the invasion disintegrated in a matter of days, with 118 killed and more than 1100 captured. the fiasco cast -- over john f. kennedy's three month old administration and set the stage a year later for the nuclear showdown with the

soviet union, known as the cuban missile crisis, tonight, beginning at 8 pm eastern on american history tv, we take a look back at the failed invasion and its consequences.